A
group analysis evaluation of existing Avian (bird) homoeopathic
remedies in terms of known materia medica
Vergleich: Siehe: Group Analysis Evaluation + Comparison
of remedies from Aves group with synthetic recreational drug isolate group
[Peter Fraser]
Was die Klasse der Vögel von anderen
tierklassen unterscheidet, ist ihre Fähigkeit zu fliegen. Manche Vögel haben
diese Fähigkeit aufgegeben, und wenn dies auch unter evolutionärem Gesichtspunkt
sehr schnell geht, tun sie das nur, wenn sie die Flugfähigkeit nicht mehr benötigen.
Das geschieht meistens dann, wenn der Preis für die Vorteile, die das Fliegen bietet,
zu hoch wird, zum Beispiel wenn es im jeweiligen Lebensraum nur sehr wenig
Raubtiere gibt.
In manchen Fällen entwickelt der
Vogel dann andere Strategien und Fähigkeiten, die die Flugfähigkeit ersetzen.
Beispiele dafür sind Pinguine und Strauße, aber das interessanteste Beispiel ist
wohl eines, bei dem der Prozess noch nicht abgeschlossen ist. Der Rennkuckuck
kann fliegen, aber er tut das nicht oft und scheint keinen gefallen daran zu
finden. Er findet seine Freiheit in seiner Fähigkeit, zu rennen und sich sehr schnell
zu bewegen. Daher ist gar nicht das Fliegen das zentrale Thema der Vogelmittel,
sondern die Freiheit, die das Fliegen ihnen ermöglicht hat.
Fliegen bietet den Vögeln Freiheit
in vielfältiger Form. Die wichtigste davon ist die Freiheit, Angreifern zu entkommen.
Dann ist da noch die Freiheit, gehen zu können, wohin man will. Das wiederum bietet
die Freiheit der Nahrungs- und Ortswahl. Aus der Freiheit zu fliegen entsteht auch
eine kindliche Begeisterung und
Überschwänglichkeit, und dieser am
wenigsten greifbare Faktor ist wahrscheinlich das wichtigste Merkmal der
Freiheit der Vögel.
Vögel sind Luftwesen. Sie
entwickeln sich aus Küken zu flüggen Tieren, die von Natur aus Gefallen am Fliegen
finden. Anders als die Insekten müssen sie nicht arbeiten und sich verändern,
um fliegen zu können. Anders als Fledermäuse stellen sie keine Ausnahme im normalen
Verhaltensmuster ihrer Klasse dar. um zu fliegen, brauchen sie nicht außergewöhnlich
zu sein, es ist ihre natürliche Veranlagung.
Bei den Vogelmitteln gibt es viele
Symptome, die mit dem Gefühl des Fliegens und Schwebens zu tun haben. Träume und
Wahnideen mit solchen Inhalten sind weit verbreitet. Dazu finden sich auch die entsprechenden
Begleitsymptome, insbesondere Schwindel und Übelkeit. Der pathologische Zustand
jedoch und somit der Zustand, der für die Verschreibung von größter Bedeutung
ist, besteht in einem Gefühl der Schwere und der Unfähigkeit, sich in die Lüfte
aufzuschwingen. Schwere und Einschnürung sind daher die wichtigsten Empfindungen.
Sie finden sich in Träumen und Wahnideen, aber ganz besonders in den physischen
Symptomen und können in jedem Körperteil, vom Kopf über die Lungen bis zu den
unteren Gliedmaßen, auftreten.
Freiheit ist von Natur aus undefinierbar.
Jede Definition oder Beschreibung dessen, was Freiheit ausmacht oder bewirkt, ist
eine Einschränkung dieser Freiheit. Wahre Freiheit kennt keine Grenzen und keine
Bedingungen. Sie kann nur negativ definiert werden: Als völlige
Schrankenlosigkeit.
Das wichtigste Symptom bei Menschen,
die ein Vogelmittel brauchen, ist das Gefühl, dass etwas sie daran hindert, wahre
Freiheit zu erlangen. Was sie konkret daran hindert, ist dann der Schlüssel zur
Differenzierung zwischen den einzelnen Mitteln. Dieses Wissen ist nicht nur die
Voraussetzung zum Verständnis der Vogelmittel, sondern auch zur Ermittlung der Gefühle
und Bedürfnisse des Patienten.
Wenn ein Patient über Freiheit spricht, wollen wir gewöhnlich wissen, was Freiheit für ihn bedeutet, doch das ist ein vergebliches Unterfangen, das nur noch mehr Verwirrung stiftet. Auch wenn ein Patient sagt, er fühle sich in einer Falle gefangen und wolle fliehen, scheint das eine vielversprechende Befragungslinie zu ergeben.
Wovor der Vogelmittel im Allgemeinen fliehen will, ist allerdings nicht unbedingt von Bedeutung. Es kann ein Licht auf das werfen, was ihn zurückhält, in den meisten
Fällen jedoch ist es nur eine
Manifestation seines Freiheitsbedürfnisses.
Am hilfreichsten ist es, sich bei der
Befragung auf die Mittel zur Erlangung der Freiheit und die konkreten Hindernisse
zu konzentrieren, die dabei im Weg stehen.
In der Realität wird das nämlich ein und dasselbe sein. Sobald uns klar wird, dass der Weg zur Freiheit mit dem, was vom Erreichen der Freiheit abhält, übereinstimmt, wissen
wir, dass wir das zentrale Thema
gefunden haben.
Der Geist und die spirituelle Welt
werden oft mit dem Atem assoziiert und damit mit der Luft und dem Himmelreich. Vögel
gehören zu den wenigen Lebewesen, die einen problemlosen Zugang dorthin haben,
und dieser Zugang ist ihnen wichtig. Bei vielen Vogelmitteln ist spirituelle
Freiheit ein sehr wichtiges Thema, und wenn sich dieses Thema zeigt, geht es
dabei meistens um den Zugang zu einer spirituellen Welt, die anders und von der
alltäglichen Welt getrennt ist.
Diese spirituelle Anderwelt kann sowohl bei jedem Mittel als auch bei jedem Patienten eine andere Gestalt annehmen. Es ist zuallererst ein individuelles Thema.
Die Vogelmittel haben immer den Individualismus
zum Thema.
Selbst bei den Schwarmvögeln, bei denen
die Gruppe im Mittelpunkt steht, geht es stets darum, wie das Individuum mit
der Gruppe interagiert – nicht, wie die Gruppe das
Individuum beeinflusst.
Bei anderen Tieren mit einer starken Gruppendynamik ist es fast immer die Unterdrückung des Individuums durch die Gruppe, die zum Problem wird. Ebenso müssen die Vögel
mit die spirituelle Welt in Kontakt
bleiben.
[Farokh Master]
My Experiences With Bird Remedies
I frequently wonder if creating a theme for a group of remedies helps!!
This is positively not my thinking at least in case of bird remedies as I have
had cases where the patient has
responded even against the basic theme.
What is the fundamental reason behind this? The answer to this lies in
the very simple fact that themes have nothing much to do with the finer aspect
of provings.
Let’s examine some of the common themes in bird remedies which many
international teachers teach in their seminars but in practice I wonder if it
really does matter.
Bird remedies portray a need for independence and freedom.
Bird remedies have high energy
Bird remedies eat a lot
Bird remedies love speed
Bird remedies have dreams of flying
Bird remedies love heights
Bird remedies love adventure
Bird remedies have physical features like: angular, sharp faces, swept
back hair, long earrings, colour blue in clothing.
Bird remedies have hand gestures like: pecking, claw grasping.
Bird remedies patients usually are pilots in airlines and C.E.O. of big
companies
To the very contrary what I have observed goes something like this
[Nershada Harkhu]
2.6 Class Aves
2.6.1 Taxonomy
Birds (class Aves) are winged, bipedal, endothermic (= warmblooded), egg-laying, vertebrate animals. There are
around 10,000 living species, making them the most
varied of tetrapodvertebrates. They are
classified, according to Shore (2004), as follows:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Aves
2.6.2 Physical Characteristics
Birds have evolved from a now extinct group of reptiles, thus sharing
certain reptilian anatomical characteristics (Bower, 1975). Birds are the most
successful flying
vertebrates, and thus their anatomy is unique in that their bodies are
specifically adapted for flight (Bower, 1975).
They have lightweight bones as well as large air-filled cavities (called
pneumatic cavities) connected to their respiratory system, which reduces
skeletal weight.
They have no teeth (which would add weight) and instead have a bill
which is relatively light, and is modified depending on the species (Bower,
1975). Their vertebrae articulate freely in the
cervical region, allowing great range of motion and flexibility in the
neck area, whereas the movement is very restricted in the thoracic and pelvic
region to provide stability during flight and landing (Bower, 1975).
The lower thoracic vertebrae are fused with the pelvis, forming the synsacrum. The hind limbs are modified for bipedal
locomotion. The wings are modified forelimbs to
which feathers are attached which provide an aerofoil, with flight
muscles attached to the sternum in those birds which do fly (Boolootian and Stiles, 1981). The two halves
of the pelvis are not fused, allowing for egg laying and for organs to
be positioned further back to facilitate balance (Bower, 1975).
Another unique feature of birds is their feathers, which arise from
their bodies like scales on a reptile forming papillae. There are generally
three types of feather,
The Contour Feathers (which include the wing and flight feathers), Down
feathers (forming the first plumage of nestlings and providing insulation to adults),
and Filoplumes (hair-like feathers
which may have a sensory function). Bird senses are adapted for flight,
most prominently their sight (Boolootian and Stiles,
1981).
Birds have large eyes and extremely high visual acuity, as well as a
wide field of vision.
They have very good visual accommodation, allowing for rapid flight
among obstacles such as branches (Bower, 1975). Nocturnal birds are able to
adapt for night vision due to the tapetum lucidum, a reflective layer found behind the receptor cells
of the eye. They have an acute sense of hearing, but a poor sense of smell (Boolootian and Stiles, 1981). A well developed sense of
taste allows birds to avoid harmful foods (Shore, 2004). Due to their high
metabolic rate and oxygen requirements, birds have a developed a respiratory
system especially adapted for their needs (Bower, 1975).
The have a high respiratory rate and unique respiratory anatomy. They
have no diaphragm and their bronchi lead into a series of air sacs surrounding
the lungs, these also connect to pneumatic cavities in the bones. During
inhalation air goes primarily to the lungs, during expiration residual air is
forced into the surrounding sacs, allowing for constant air exchange, even
during expiration.
This increases availability of oxygen (Boolootian
and Stiles, 1981).
2.6.3 Social Behaviour
Birds’ social behaviour is unique and complex (Bower, 1975). Males
usually compete for the attention of females for mating, allowing the most
aggressive and active
males to breed. They are usually very territorial, particularly in the
case of land birds. Males, once mated, will defend their territory by means of
warning sounds and
colourful displays (Bower, 1975).
This ensures that the bird pairs spread out over a wider area and also
reinforces the bond of the mated pair. After courtship the pair builds a nest
and produce eggs. Rearing of chicks is usually done by both the male and female
together (Bower, 1975). Most birds incubate their eggs and rear their own
chicks, with the exception of a very few, such as the European cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), which lays its
eggs in the nests of other smaller birds. Their chicks are reared by those
birds along with their own, often competing for food and driving out the other
chicks (Boolootian and Stiles, 1975). Approximately
70% of birds will come together with the same mate at the following mating
season, and often return to the same or adjacent territory to breed each year
(Greenwood, 1980).
Despite the separate territories of mated pairs many birds display
flocking behaviour, whereby a group of birds of the same species will live
together in a group for most of the year, migrating as a group and separating
temporarily to form breeding pairs during mating season (Greenwood, 1980).
Birds are generally “gregarious”, a term describing their tendency to prefer
being in a group of the same species. However it is interesting to note that
despite their gregarious nature, birds also are territorial and there are
negative social forces which counterbalance their need to flock. Thus birds
tend to flock but will not tolerate each other at very close distances,
limiting the size of flocks (Emlin, 1952). Many
species of bird migrate in flocks, usually flying southward in autumn, however
some migrating bird species fly east or west. It is hypothesised that changes
in the photo-period (the amount of light each day) form the trigger for the
onset of migration (Boolootian and Stiles, 1981).
2.7 Bird Mythology
Birds have been symbols of power and freedom throughout the ages. In
many myths and legends, birds link the human world to the divine or
supernatural realm. Due to their dual nature, being both creatures of land and
air, they are often seen as linking the earthly and spiritual spheres (Myth
Encyclopaedia, 2011). The Egyptians believed that the Benu
bird, brought the first light and first so und into the world when land first
rose from the sea, and revered it as the first deity.
Another Egyptian myth depicts the Ba (the
spiritual aspect of an individual) as a bird with a human head. It was said
that the Ba could travel through the underworld at
night and revisit the earth by day (Willis, 1993). Egyptians also believed that
the Ba would leave the body in the form of a bird,
and thus built tombs with narrow shafts leading to the sky for the birds to fly
in and out (Myth Encyclopaedia, 2011). This is another clear illustration of
the dual nature of birds as depicted in mythology.
Birds are also associated with death, as well as the souls’
transformation at death. Carrion-eating birds such as vultures, crows, and
ravens, were associated with disaster and war. In Celtic and Irish myths, war
goddesses appeared in the form of crows and ravens, and it was said that if one
of these birds appeared before an army at the start of battle it would be
defeated.
Stymphalian birds, in Greek mythology, were
dangerous man-eating birds that infested the woods around Lake Stymphalus in Arcadia (Myth Encyclopaedia, 2011).
As his fifth labour, Hercules frightened the birds into the air with a
huge rattle and then killed them. Birds were also considered guides in the
afterlife. In Syrian mythology, figures of eagles on tombs represented guides
that lead souls to heaven. In Jewish tradition the soul guide is also depicted
as a dove. In Islamic tradition souls remain in the form of birds until
judgment day.
Greek and Celtic myths also depict the soul taking the form of a bird
after death (Myth Encyclopaedia, 2011).
The theme of transformation is widespread in bird mythology. Shamans in
Siberian and Indonesian mythology were said to transform into birds during
trances. Similarly,
in Europe and Asia, spirits of birds are said to enter the body of a
Shaman to inspire them. One of the most common bird myths is that of the
phoenix. In Egyptian legend,
the phoenix burned up every 500 years but was subsequently reborn out of
its own ashes. Japanese and Chinese mythology also features a phoenix which is
reborn in times of good fortune (Willis, 1993). In traditional Chinese medicine
birds nests are utilised for healing, as well as being an ingredient in food.
2.8 Birds in homoeopathy
Homoeopathic remedies from the class Aves are a relatively recent
addition to our materia medica,
with the first proving of a bird remedy,
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
(American bald eagle), conducted by Jeremy Sherr in
1995.
Thereafter many other bird proving were conducted, producing materia medica on around 30
fairly wellknown bird remedies (Fraser, 2009). Better
known remedies include
Pelecanus occidentalis
(Brown Pelican), Spheniscus humboldti
(Humbolt Pinguin) and
Cygnus Cygnus (Swan). Several fairly new bird provings have been conducted including Columbia livia (Common city pigeon) (Shah, 2008). Bird remedies:
various conditions, joints and extremities, headaches and problems with vision
(Shore, 2004).
Some of the most comprehensive research on the class Aves, including
proving and some theories on group characteristics, has been done by Shore
(2004), who published this information in his book “Birds, Homeopathic Remedies
from The Avian Realm”.
Shore proposes bird characteristics
including conceptual organisation, intuition and spiritual awareness, freedom
and travel and issues surrounding detachment from the social group. Most recently
(during the course of this study) well established homoeopath Peter Fraser
published a book entitled “Birds, Seeking the Freedom of the Sky”, which
explores themes relating to the bird group as
a whole and also themes of the
specific groups within the class Aves (Fraser, 2009).
According to Fraser (2009), the themes of bird remedies revolve around
the conflict between their need for freedom and their restrictions. He also
highlights many themes which are consistent with Sankarans’
animal kingdom themes, such as escape from danger and survival issues. He notes
an emphasis on themes of communication and even clairvoyance. Fraser proposed:
restlessness, connection to the natural world and communication (Fraser, 2009).
Some general themes of the bird group as a sub-classification of the
Animal group have been proposed in Sankaran’s Schema
(2005). These themes include some
common ideas including themes of freedom and restriction, stitching and
stabbing pains, disturbance of appetite and others.
Sankaran also emphasised the themes of
responsibility versus freedom and the perception of being bound or restricted.
It is interesting to note the common features proposed by these homoeopaths.
No formal Group analysis has been published and therefore the resultant
characteristics arising from this proposed group analysis would be a valuable
comparison to the characteristics that have been suggested thus far.
2.9 Radar Synthesis 10 and Encyclopaedia Homoeopathica
Group analysis is made possible, in part, by the technology that allows
us to use computer programs to sift through large amounts of data which could
not be achieved unaided (Wulfsohn, 2005).
The programs used are Radar 10 and Encyclopaedia Homoeopathica,
both from Archibel (2005). Radar Synthesis 10 is a computer
repertory analysis software which is used to search through a vast number of
rubrics and distinguish a desired group of remedies based on common rubrics. It
is an important research tool as it allows for searches through large amounts
of repertory data which can be presented or selected according to the user’s
preferences (Archibel, 2005). Encyclopaedia Homoeopathica is a program that contains vast amounts of materia medica from various
sources from classic original authors (Kent), to more recent provings and books (Kratimenos,
2001).
It is an invaluable tool as it not only allows easy access to this
material but also enables searches through the materia
medica according to the user’s specifications.
This allows extraction of very specific information from a vast source
of data. Radar 10 and Encyclopaedia Homoeopathica are
also compatible and it is easy to work with information from one in the other (Archibel, 2005). These programs are therefore valuable for
prescribing as well as research purposes (Liesegang,
2007). Although these resources are based on vast amounts of materia medica and repertory, the
expansion of knowledge in homoeopathy is growing at a rapid pace and not all of
the new materia medica and provings can be included in the current software.
CHAPTER 3 - RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Definition of bird remedies
The Class Aves was first defined in terms of current taxonomical
knowledge and a list of the remedies which fall into this Class was compiled.
The remedies from this group used in homoeopathic prescribing were then listed.
A computerised search was performed to determine the names of all bird remedies
which are represented in the Radar software program. The number of rubrics in
which each remedy was represented provided an indication of how well each
remedy was represented in the database.
3.2 Sample selection
The software was used to extract all rubrics that contained remedies
from the Class Aves.
Both Complete Repertory and Synthesis were used in order to produce the
maximum possible data for selection (Archibel, 2005).
Thereafter remedies which were represented in the greatest number of
rubrics were selected from the list. The remedies which had the greatest
representation in terms of rubrics listed were given preference to ensure that
the remedies used in the consequent parts of the study were as well represented
in the body of the repertory as possible, and were represented with the highest
possible number of rubrics.
Remedies which were represented by less than 100 rubrics were not considered
as their poor representation would not be conducive to the extraction process.
Those remedies represented in the research of Shore (2004) and Fraser
(2009) were also taken into consideration, as the results of this group
analysis would ultimately be compared primarily to this information.
A minimum of 5 remedies was selected as this is the smallest number to
have been used in a group analysis study to date (Weston, 2010). This is also
the smallest number recommended by Sankaran (2002).
This process produced the 5 best represented remedies:
- Cathartes
aura = Turkey Vulture
- Falco
peregrinus = Peregrine Falcon
- Corvus
corax principalis = Raven
- Haliaeetus
leucocephalus = Bald Eagle
- Buteo jamaicensis = Red-tailed Hawk
3.3 Data processing
The selected remedies were subsequently used to do a repertory
extraction of the rubrics that contained at least 2 of the selected remedies.
The parameters were set such that any rubric containing more that 50 remedies
would be excluded to ensure that the rubrics used in the study were as
characteristic in nature as possible.
Rubrics containing greater than 50 remedies have been considered too
large to represent a characteristic nature of a remedy (Weston, 2010).
Sankaran (2002:25) also uses the limit of 50
rubrics in his overview of the group analysis method.
To evaluate the relative significance of the rubrics they were ranked by
ordering them from the rubrics containing the least number of remedies to those
containing the
most.
3.4 Data analysis
3.4.1 Determination of common sensations
This data was then analysed for common sensations of the class Aves. A
sensation was determined to be common to the group if it was represented by a
rubric (with a
size of less than 50 remedies) common to at least 2 of the selected
remedies. The rubrics were scanned for common mental, physical, general and
particular
symptoms, which were then listed.
Sensation rubrics are listed in Table 2.
These sensations were then defined using Collins (2006) dictionary and
synonyms for each were determined from Collins thesaurus (2006).
The accuracy of these extracted sensations was evaluated by
cross-checking the sensations, and their synonyms, with the homoeopathic
literature database, Encyclopaedia Homoeopathica (Archibel, 2005) as well as proving data. This was
accomplished by using keywords descriptive of each sensation as found in the
sensation rubrics (Table 2)
to search the literature, restricting the remedies to those from the
Class Aves only.
Sensations were considered valid if they were confirmed by evidence from
the literature obtained from the search.
This was termed the first order analysis. The resultant confirmed
sensation s as extracted from the database were also defined using a dictionary
and thesaurus (Collins, 2006). Any new keywords produced from these synonyms
and definitions were analysed via the same keyword search method in a second
order analysis. In this way first order sensations could be confirmed and
further second order sensations could be determined. These second order
sensations were also defined using a dictionary and their synonyms were found
using a thesaurus (Collins, 2006). Any new possible sensations yielded from
this process were used in a third order analysis using another keyword search
of the data, which served to confirm second order sensations and confirm some
new third order sensations.
3.4.2 Determination of reaction to common sensations
A person may react to a sensation in either an active, passive or
compensatory manner (Sankaran, 2002).
According to Sankaran (2002:26) “Each action
arises in response to a corresponding sensation and each sensation must usually
excite a particular action, even if one does not actually perform that
action...In this way sensation and action (or the urge to action) are always
equal and opposite.
He also proposed that the theme of sensations found in animal remedy
groups relates to the idea of survival and competition, rather than
sensitivity, as is the theme in plant
groups, or fitting into structure as is the case in mineral groups (Sankaran, 2005).
This was taken into account while scanning for reactions to common
sensations in the bird remedies.
Once common sensations were established by the keyword search method described
in 3.4.1 above, further investigation into the possible active, passive and
compensatory reactions to them, as evident in the Homoeopathic literature was
undertaken. Each extracted sensation was fully defined using a dictionary
(Collins, 2006). Thereafter synonyms for the defined sensation were identified
using a thesaurus (Collins, 2006). Once the synonyms were established each of
them was subjected to a literature search in Encyclopaedia Homoeopathica,
limiting the search results to bird remedies only, to test its validity. If the
sensation was confirmed by evidence from the literature it was considered
valid.
3.4.3
Determination of miasmatic classification
According to Sankarans' extended miasmatic model (2002), the individual remedies belonging
to the group can be categorised as having a specific miasmatic
classification. Keywords specific to each miasm
according to Sankaran (2005:7) were used to search
the available data from the software as well as proving data and relevant
homoeopathic literature restricted only to bird remedies.
The keywords are tabulated in Appendix F.
Those remedies which showed a predominance of keywords related to a
particular miasm in the search results could be
broadly classified under that miasm. Thereafter the
analysis was refined and the miasm of each bird
remedy was finally determined by analysing the characteristics particular to
each individual remedy.
The miasm was determined depending on the
predominance of the keywords and themes of a particular miasm
in the literature of the remedy i.e. if syphilitic keywords and themes were
dominant in the search results then the remedy was considered syphilitic.
CHAPTER 4 - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Birds in homeopathy
Remedies from the Class Aves are relatively recent additions to the
material medica.
As a result, few bird remedies are represented well in terms of
available proving information and materia medica.
Haliaeetus leucocephalus,
the first bird remedy to be homoeopathically proved (Fraser, 2005) as well as Falco peregrinus, are perhaps the
only two relatively well represented bird remedies at present. Although there
has been much interest in this group in the last few years, many of the other
bird provings have not yet been introduced into the materia medica contained in
popular homoeopathic software such as Radar 10 (Archibel,
2005). As a result the traditionally used method of conducting a group analysis
by computer searches through the material medica in
software data bases had to be slightly adjusted, to allow for manual searches
through available homoeopathic literature on birds in order to extract a fair
representation of the “smaller” bird remedies which are still very much
relevant in this study.
In the table below the Bird remedies represented in the available
literature are listed, showing the number of searchable rubrics found on Radar
10.
Table 1: Bird remedies in homoeopathy
Scientific Name Common
Name Family Representation
in repertory
Pelecanus occidentalis = Brown Pelican Pelecanidae No rubrics listed
Ara macao =
Scarlet Macaw Psittacidae 96 Rubrics (Complete Repertory)
Columba palumbus = Ring Dove Columbidae 63 Rubrics (Complete Repertory)
Buteo jamaicensis = Red-tailed Hawk Accipitridae 309
rubrics (Complete Repertory)
198
Rubrics (Synthesis)
Bubo virginianus = Great Horned Owl Strigidae No
rubrics listed
Ardea Herodias =
Great Blue Heron Areidae No rubrics listed
Haliaeetus leucocephalus =
Bald Eagle Accipitridae 1330
Rubrics Complete Repertory
510
Rubrics Synthesis
Corvus corax principalis = Raven Corvidae 721 Rubrics Complete Repertory/90
rubrics Synthesis
Falco cherrug =
Saker Falcon Falconidae 13 Rubrics Synthesis
Falco peregrinus = Peregrine Falcon Falconidae 1524
Rubrics Complete Repertory/1266 Rubrics Synthesis
Cathartes aura = Turkey Vulture Cathartidae 399
rubrics complete repertory
Spheniscus humboldti =
Humboldt Penguin Spheniscidae No rubrics listed
Cygnus cygnus =
Whooper Swan Anatidae No rubrics listed
Cygnus olor = Mute Swan Anatidae 9 Rubrics Synthesis
Vultur gryphus = Andean Condor Cathartidae 32
Rubrics Synthesis
The above list of remedies was reduced to the five remedies which were
most significantly represented in the materia medica available at this time:
Cathartes aura = Turkey Vulture
Falco peregrinus = Peregrine Falcon
Corvus corax principalis = Raven
Haliaeetus leucocephalus =
Bald Eagle
Buteo jamaicensis = Red-tailed Hawk
4.2 Extraction and analysis of common rubrics
A comparative extraction of all rubrics containing at least one of the
chosen bird remedies was performed, limiting the results to rubrics containing
50 or fewer
remedies in total to ensure that rubrics represented characteristic
features of the remedies. Both the Synthesis and Complete Repertories from
Radar (Archibel, 2005)
were used in order to maximise the available data (Appendix B and
Appendix C respectively). Duplicated rubrics were removed. The limit was set at
50 in order to
exclude less significant rubrics, but still provide sufficient data,
considering the poor representation of bird remedies in general.
Previous studies at Durban University of Technology used the restriction
of 50 remedies with successful analysis (Weston, 2010).
The extracted rubrics were then reduced to those that contained at least
two of the chosen bird remedies. Thereafter the rubrics were scanned for words
describing sensation.
Sensation can be defined as “consciousness off perceiving or seeming to perceive
some state or condition of one’s or its parts or senses or of one’s mind or its
emotions...” (Allen, 1990:1102).
These sensation rubrics were then ordered from the smallest (those
containing fewest remedies in total) to the largest (those containing the most
remedies in total).
These extracted sensation rubrics are listed in the table below:
Table 2: Sensation rubrics for the Class Aves
Sensation rubric
Haliaeetus
Corvus Falco
Buteo Cathartes
Rubric size
MIND - AWARENESS heightened 1 0 2 0 0
MIND - DELUSIONS - Abdomen enlarged 1 0 1 0 0
MIND - DELUSIONS, hand(s) separated from body 0 1 1 0 0
MIND - DELUSION head separated from body 0 1 1 0 0
MIND - DELUSION - is light = low weight/= incorporeal 1 0 1 0 0
MIND - DETACHED 1 0 1 0 0
MIND - DREAMS - flying 1
1 1 0 1
MIND - THOUGHTS vacant 1 0 1 0 0
MIND - SPACED-OUT
feeling 1 1 1 0 0
MIND - ELATED 1 0 1 0 0
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations, is light, incorporeal,
Immaterial 1 0 1 0 0
MIND - “As if empty” 1 0 1 0 0
DREAMS - FLYING 0 0 1 1 0
HEAD - PAIN constant, continued 1 0 1 0 0
HEAD - PAIN dull in forehead above eyes 1 0 1 0 0
HEAD - PAIN - pulsating, throbbing l. temple 1 0 1 0 0
EYES - TWITCHING r. lid 1 0 1 0 0
NOSE - CONGESTed of blood 0 0 1 0 1
FACE - ERUPTIONS - painful 0 0 1 0 1
ABDOMEN - DISTENded in morning 1 0 1 0 0
ABDOMEN - distended > stool 1 0 1 0 0
EXTREMITIES - DRYNESS of lower limbs 1 0 1 0 0
EXTREMITIES - cramping in calves/legs 1 0 1 0 0
EXTREMITIES - ERUPTIONS painful 0 0 1 0 1
EXTREMITIES - PAIN in 1st finger, r. thumb 1 1 0 0 0
LIMBS - DRYNESS of fingers 0 0 1 0 1
BACK - stiff in cervical region morning on waking 1 0 1 0 0
Each of the sensations extracted from the above table was defined using
Collins (2006) dictionary (Appendix D). Many of the sensations which appeared
were synonymous with each other, for example emptiness and vacancy, therefore
this was taken as one sensation or theme (emptiness), and in this way
duplication of a single concept in the search was eliminated.
Synonyms are fully defined according to Collins thesaurus (2006) in
Appendix E.
A table summarising the confirmed sensations and themes is shown below.
Table 3: Summary of confirmed sensations and themes
First Order theme/sensation from
original extraction Sensation
keywords confirmed by literature search
Separated Detached Divided
Floating/flying Flying, lightness (low weight),
Spaced out feeling, Joy/Elation
Carefree, Happiness Cheerfulness
Emptiness Vacancy
Pulsating throbbing
Swelling/Enlargement Enlarged,
Distension, Expansion
Dryness Dryness
Cramps Spasm,
cramp
Cutting Cutting
Further synonyms for each of the extracted sensations were listed using
a Thesaurus (Appendix E). Thereafter each of the sensations and the relevant
synonyms were subjected to a keyword search of the literature to confirm
its validity.
If a sensation and its synonyms was found in the literature search using
the sensation word or synonymous words (as defined in Appendix E) as a keyword
for
the search it was found to be valid.
Those sensations which proved to be themes of the bird group through
this process were taken as confirmed sensations of the group.
The most common sensations verified by this method were swelling,
separated, throbbing, floating, cutting, elation, emptiness, stiffness, dryness
and cramping.
4.3 Analysis
4.3.1
First Order analysis
The most significant sensations were swelling and floating,
followed by cutting,
separated, cramping, elation, dryness and emptiness.
The following are some examples from the literature showing where the
relevant sensation/theme is present:
4.3.1.1
Swelling/Enlargement
Although there is a distinction between a physical swelling and a
perception or sensation of swelling, both of these concepts of swelling connect
to the main
sensation of swelling or enlargement as defined by Sankaran
(2005: 290), where he describes sensation as “discernment or consciousness of
any experience”
where the experience itself and the nature of the experience qualify the
sensation.
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations body (parts) (abdomen enlarged)
MIND - DELUSIONS -body is enlarged - feels fat
MIND - DELUSIONS - enlarged
EYES - “As if swollen”
FACE - SWELLING in general (oedematous)
CHEST - SWELLING of Glands (= Axillary glands)
(l./painful)
GENERALITIES - SWELLING in general
Corvus corax principalis
THROAT - SWELLING
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations body, body parts - eyelashes are enlarged
NOSE - “As if enlarged”
FACE - SWELLING in general (below eyes)
THROAT - SWELLING in general (tonsils)
CHEST - EXPANSION, sensation of
CHEST - SWELLING in general (lymphatic tissue/mammae)
GENERALITIES - SWELLING in general
Falco peregrinus
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - body, body parts - hand, hands enlarged
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - body, body parts - head enlarged
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - body, body parts - neck is too large
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - body, body parts - stomach enlarged
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - body, body parts - hands becoming
larger
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - enlarged
FACE - BLOATED
MOUTH - SWELLING in general [salivary glands (submaxillary,
submandibulary)/tongue]
(External)THROAT - SWELLING in general - “As if ENLARGED”/”As if
swollen”
STOMACH - “As if ENLARGED”
FEMALE GENITALIA/SEX - SWOLLEN Uterus
CHEST - SWELLING in general (mammae)
EXTREMITIES - ENLARGEMENT - “As if enlarged” (legs)
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - body, body parts - hand, hands/head
enlarged/stomach
MIND - DELUSIONS - imaginations persons are enlarged/head
expanding/consciousness is, outside of head
ABDOMEN - ENLARGED
ABDOMEN - “As if swollen”/”As if enlarged”
EXTREMITIES - ”As if enlarged” (lower limbs)
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - body, body parts - hand,
hands/head/stomach enlarged
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - enlarged
GENERALITIES - SWELLING in
Buteo jamaicensis
EYES - “As if swollen”
Cathartes aura
THROAT - SWELLING in general (tonsils)
EXTERNAL THROAT - SWELLING in general (cervical lymphatic tissue)
CHEST - SWELLING in general (lymphatic tissue)
EXTREMITIES - SWELLING in general (lower limbs)
GENERALITIES - SWELLING in general
HEAD - “As if enlarged”
GENERALITIES - SWELLING in general
4.3.1.2
Floating (flying, lightness)
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - floating in air
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - “As if flying”
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - is light, incorporeal, immaterial
(walking)
MIND - DELUSIONS - floating
MIND - DELUSIONS - flying
MIND - DREAMS flying (across America)
DREAMS - WATCHING herself from above
MIND - THOUGHTS of flying
HEAD - LIGHTNESS
GENERALITIES - LIGHTNESS, sensation of
Corvus corax principalis
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - outside his body
MIND - DREAMS - flying
MIND - LIGHTNESS, feeling of
GENERALITIES - LIGHTNESS, sensation of
Falco peregrinus
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations is touching scarcely the ground
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - elevated in air
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - floating in air
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - “As if flying”
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - is light, incorporeal, immaterial
MIND - DELUSIONS - feet touch scarcely the ground
MIND - DELUSIONS - floating
MIND - DELUSIONS - flying
MIND - DREAMS - flying (in airplane)
MIND - FIGHT, wants to
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - outside his body
CHEST - FLUTTERING sensation
MIND - DELUSIONS - elevated in the air
Buteo jamaicensis
MIND - DELUSIONS - flying (walking)
MIND - PHENOMENA - DELUSIONS, imaginations - is flying
MIND - PHENOMENA - DREAMS - body, body parts is light, ethereal
MIND - PHENOMENA - DREAMS - floating
DREAMS - BODY - lightness of
DREAMS - FLOATING
DREAMS - FLYING
DREAMS - FREEDOM
DREAMS - WATCHING - herself from above
GENERALS - VIBRATION, fluttering, etc
Cathartes aura
MIND - DREAMS - floating
MIND - DREAMS - flying
4.3.1.3 Separated
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - is separated from the world
MIND - DETACHED
MIND - DELUSIONS - separated from the world
MIND - DREAMS - fragmented
MIND - DETACHED
BACK - PAIN in Lumbosacral region “As if spine
split”
Corvus corax principalis
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - body, body parts - arms/hands/head
separated from body
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - body, body parts - body and
thoughts/mind are separated
GENERALITIES - SEPARATED, parts of body feel
Falco peregrinus
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - division between himself and others
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - thoughts are separated
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - separated from the world
MIND - DETACHED
EXTREMITIES - “As if separated” (Legs/Upper limbs)
GENERALITIES - SEPARATED, parts of body feel
MIND - DELUSIONS - division between himself and others
Buteo jamaicensis
MIND - PHENOMENA - DELUSIONS,
imaginations - connected - wholeness in the midst of separation and diversity,
finding
Cathartes aura
No evidence for this theme in the
available literature
4.3.1.4 Cutting
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
EARS - PAIN - cutting
CHEST - PAIN - cutting, sudden sharp pain (mammae)
GENERALITIES - PAIN - cutting
EXTREMITIES - PAIN - cutting
BACK - PAIN - cutting
EARS - PAIN - cutting l.
Corvus corax principalis
MIND - DREAMS - cutting (being cut with a knife)
CHEST - PAIN - Heart - cutting pain
EXTREMITIES - PAIN - Hands - cutting pain (shoulders/thumbs)
Falco peregrinus
MIND - DREAMS - cutting (being cut with a knife)
MIND - DREAMS - knives
DREAMS - being cut
DREAMS - CUTTING
MIND - SUICIDAL disposition - with a razor
CHEST - PAIN - cutting, sudden sharp pain
GENERALITIES - PAIN - cutting
Buteo jamaicensis
MIND - DELUSIONS - knives shot into the body
DREAMS - KNIVES
MIND - DREAMS - meat must be cut off bone
FEMALE Organs - PAIN cutting during menses
EXTREMITIES - PAIN - cutting off upper limbs
Cathartes aura
NOSE - PAIN - cutting
MOUTH - PAIN - cutting
MOUTH - PAIN - cutting in tongue
HEAD - PAIN - cutting, darting, stabbing
ABDOMEN - PAIN - cutting
FEMALE Organs - PAIN - cutting
CHEST - PAIN - cutting, sudden sharp pain (Sternum)
BACK - PAIN - cutting
EXTREMITIES - PAIN - cutting
GENERALITIES - PAIN - cutting
4.3.1.5 Dryness
There is a distinction between the perception or sensation of dryness
and physical dryness both of these are relevant to the sensation as defined by Sankaran (2005: 290),
where he describes sensation as “discernment or consciousness of any
experience” where the experience itself and the nature of the experience
qualify the sensation.
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
EYES - DRYNESS in general
MOUTH - DRYNESS in general
THROAT - DRYNESS in general
SKIN - DRYNESS
GENERALITIES - DRY sensation internal
Corvus corax principalis
EYES - DRYNESS in general
MOUTH - DRYNESS in general
Falco peregrinus
NOSE - DRYNESS inside in general
MOUTH - DRYNESS in general
THROAT - DRYNESS in general
COUGH - DRY (at night)
EXTREMITIES - DRYNESS in general (hands)
EXTREMITIES - ERUPTIONS dry
SKIN - DRYNESS
Buteo jamaicensis
EYE - DRYNESS
Cathartes aura
NOSE - DRYNESS inside - general
COUGH - DRY
NOSE - DRYNESS inside in general
COUGH - DRY at night
EXTREMITIES - DRYNESS in general - hands
4.3.1.6 Cramping
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
ABDOMEN - PAIN - cramping, griping (before stool)
FEMALE Organs - PAIN cramping
CHEST - CONVULSIONS, spasms
BACK - PAIN cramping
BACK - PAIN - cramping in cervical region
EXTREMITIES - CRAMPS
EXTREMITIES - PAIN - cramping (lower limbs)
GENERALITIES - PAIN - cramping
Corvus corax principalis
FEMALE Organs - PAIN - cramping
EXTREMITIES - PAIN - cramping (lower limbs)
GENERALITIES - PAIN - cramping
Falco peregrinus
ABDOMEN - PAIN - cramping (griping)
CHEST - CONSTRICTION
EXTREMITIES - CRAMPS (lower limbs)
EXTREMITIES - PAIN - cramping (lower limbs)
GENERALITIES - PAIN - cramping
Buteo jamaicensis
FEMALE Organs - PAIN - cramping
EXTREMITIES - PAIN - cramping (lower limbs)
Cathartes aura
ABDOMEN - PAIN - cramping, griping (during menses)
FEMALE Organs - PAIN - cramping
BACK - CONVULSIONS, spasms in general
BACK - PAIN - cramping (during menses)
GENERALITIES - PAIN - cramping
4.3.1.7 Throbbing (pulsating)
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
HEAD - PAIN - pulsating, throbbing - in vertex/in temples
EXTREMITIES - PAIN - pulsating, throbbing
GENERALITIES - PAIN - pulsating, throbbing
Corvus corax principalis
No evidence for this theme found in
the available literature
Falco peregrinus
HEAD - PAIN - pulsating, throbbing - in forehead/in sides/in temples
EXTREMITIES - PULSATION
GENERALITIES - PAIN - pulsating, throbbing
GENERALITIES - PULSATION external
Buteo jamaicensis
No evidence for this theme found in
the available literature
Cathartes aura
HEAD - PULSATING, beating, throbbing
ABDOMEN - PULSATION
EXTREMITIES - PAIN - pulsating, throbbing
GENERALITIES - PAIN - pulsating, throbbing
GENERALITIES - PULSATION - internal
4.3.1.8 Elation, cheerfulness, carefree
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
MIND - CHEERFULNESS, gaiety, happiness in general
MIND - EUPHORIA, elation while fast driving a car
MIND - EXCITEMENT, excitable
MIND - EXHILARATION
MIND - MIRTH, hilarity, liveliness
MIND - CAREFREE
MIND - CHEERFUL with dancing, laughing, singing
MIND - ELATED
Corvus corax principalis
MIND - EXCITEMENT, excitable
Falco peregrinus
MIND - BLISSFUL feeling
MIND - CHEERFULNESS, gaiety, happiness in general
MIND - DREAMS - joyous
MIND - ECSTASY (walking in open air)
MIND - EXHILARATION (blissful)
MIND - MIRTH, hilarity, liveliness
MIND - CAREFREE
MIND - ELATED
Buteo jamaicensis
MIND - CAREFREE
MIND - CHEERFULNESS, gaiety, happiness in general
Cathartes aura
No evidence for this theme found in
the available literature
4.3.1.9 Emptiness (Vacancy)
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
MIND - EMPTINESS of the mind, sensation of
MIND - THOUGHTS vacant
GENERALITIES - EMPTINESS, hollow sensation
STOMACH - EMPTINESS not > eating
Corvus corax principalis
No evidence for this theme found in
the available literature
Falco peregrinus
MIND - EMPTINESS of the mind, sensation of
MIND - THOUGHTS vacant
CHEST - EMPTY sensation
GENERALITIES - EMPTINESS, hollow sensation
CHEST - EMPTINESS, sensation of
Buteo jamaicensis
MIND - PHENOMENA - EMPTINESS of
mind, sensation of
Cathartes aura
No evidence for this theme found in
the available literature
4.3.2. Second Order Analysis
The first order sensations were also defined using Collins (2006) dictionary
and synonyms determined for these using a Collins (2006) thesaurus, in order to
obtain
confirmation and clarity on the themes uncovered, as well as to discover
any further sensations or themes present.
The first order sensations which yielded further relevant synonyms for a
second key word search. Those synonyms which were confirmed in the literature
are taken as confirmed second order sensations.
Table 4: Second Order themes/sensations from first order
themes/sensations
First Order sensations/themes Second order sensations/themes ??
Cramping/spasm Constriction, obstruction,
restriction
Separated/divided Isolated, disconnected, numbness,
anxiety
Cutting separating,
dividing,
Biting Swelling
Inflammation, eruption, expansion
4.3.2.1
Constriction/Obstruction
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
CHEST - CONSTRICTION, tension, tightness
GENERALITIES - CONSTRICTED sensation external
GENERALITIES - CONTRACTIONS, strictures, stenosis
- general
BACK - CONTRACTION
NOSE - OBSTRUCTION (in general)
Corvus corax principalis
CHEST - CONSTRICTION, tension, tightness (in lungs)
THROAT - CHOKING, constricting
RESPIRATION - IMPEDED, obstructed - painful
GENERALITIES - CONSTRICTED sensation external
GENERALITIES - CONTRACTIONS, strictures, stenoses
in general
RESPIRATION - IMPEDED, obstructed
Falco peregrinus
HEAD - CONSTRICTION “As from band or hoop”
STOMACH - PAIN - cramping, griping, constricting
RECTUM - CONSTRICTION, closure, contraction
CHEST - CONSTRICTION, tension, tightness
GENERALITIES - CONSTRICTED sensation
external
GENERALITIES - CONTRACTIONS, strictures, senses in general
Buteo jamaicensis
NOSE - OBSTRUCTION
Cathartes aura
RESPIRATION - IMPEDED, obstructed - constriction, contraction of throat
NOSE - OBSTRUCTed in general
RESPIRATION - IMPEDED, obstructed
4.3.2.2 Anxiety
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
MIND - RESTLESSNESS, nervousness - anxious
MOUTH - DRYNESS in general anxious
SLEEP - RESTLESS with anxiety
GENERALITIES - ANXIETY causing ailments
MIND - ANXIETY (on falling asleep/before stool/about rainy weather)
Corvus corax principalis
MIND - SADNESS, despondency, depression, melancholy - anxious
RESPIRATION - DIFFICULT from anxiety
GENERALITIES - ANXIETY from ailments
GENERALITIES - TREMBLING in general from anxiety
MIND - ANXIETY (about trifles/health/his family)
Falco peregrinus
HEART & CIRCULATION - PALPITATION heart with anxiety
MIND - ANXIETY (of conscience/about untidiness and chaos/trifles/future)
Buteo jamaicensis
No evidence for this theme found in the
available literature
Cathartes aura
MIND - ANXIETY of conscience, of
4.3.2.3
Eruptions
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
FACE - ERUPTIONS (around mouth)
MOUTH - ERUPTIONS in general
EXTERNAL THROAT - ERUPTIONS
CHEST - ERUPTIONS
BACK - ERUPTIONS
EXTREMITIES - ERUPTIONS (blisters)
SKIN - ERUPTIONS
GENERALITIES - ERUPTIONS - vesicles, mucous membranes
Corvus corax principalis
SKIN - ERUPTIONS
Falco peregrinus
FACE - ERUPTIONS
EXTERNAL THROAT - ERUPTIONS
FEMALE Organs - ERUPTIONS
CHEST - ERUPTIONS (pimples)
EXTREMITIES - ERUPTIONS - upper limbs/lower limbs/blisters
SKIN - ERUPTIONS
Buteo jamaicensis
No evidence for this theme found in
the available literature
Cathartes aura
FACE - ERUPTIONS (about eyes/acne)
CHEST - ERUPTIONS - pimples
BACK - ERUPTIONS - acne
EXTREMITIES - ERUPTIONS (upper limbs/fingertips)
SKIN - ERUPTIONS
4.3.2.4
Biting, a theme associated with the animal Kingdom in general, according
to Sankaran (2005).
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
GENERALITIES - < BITING, chewing
Corvus corax principalis
MIND - BITING (nails)
MIND - DREAMS of bitten by dogs
EYES - PAIN - burning, smarting, biting
Falco peregrinus
MIND - BITING (about him)
MIND - FEAR of being bitten, of being
MIND - RAGE, fury with biting
MOUTH - BITING nails
MIRILLI'S THEMES - BITE
Buteo jamaicensis
No evidence for this theme found in
the available literature
Cathartes aura
MIND - DREAMS of animals - biting him
EYES - PAIN - burning, smarting, biting
MOUTH - BITING on cheek, talking or chewing
4.3.3 Third Order Analysis
Most of the second order sensations confirmed and went back to first
order sensations. A few, biting and constricted, led to third order sensations
as the synonyms and definitions of these sensations provided new keywords for
the third order search.
Those synonyms which were confirmed in the literature are taken as
confirmed third order sensations. Table 5 shows a listing of the second order
sensations and the third order keywords derived from relevant synonyms and
definitions thereof.
Table 5: Third order sensations/themes from second order
sensations/themes
Second Order sensations/themes Third
order sensations/themes derived from synonyms of second order sensations
Biting Anger,
rage, fury
Constricted Trapped, imprisoned, caught
4.3.3.1 Anger/Rage
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
MIND - ANGER, irascibility
HEAD - PAIN in sides from anger
GENERALITIES - ANGER from ailments
MIND - RAGE, fury
Corvus corax principalis
MIND - ANGER, irascibility
MIND - DREAMS - anger, angry
MIND - SHRIEKING, screaming, shouting - during anger
GENERALITIES - ailments from anger
SLEEP - SLEEPLESSNESS after anger
MIND - RAGE, fury (with cursing/with shrieking)
Falco peregrines
MIND - ANGER, irascibility
MIND - RESTLESSNESS, nervousness from anger
HEART & CIRCULATION - PALPITATION heart from anger
SLEEP - SLEEPLESS in general after anger
GENERALITIES - ANGER from ailments (suppressed)
MIND - INDIGNATION with rage
MIND - RAGE, fury (with biting)
GENERALITIES - RAGE, fury from ailments
Buteo jamaicensis
MIND - ANGER, irascibility
MIND - ANGER kill; with impulse to kill
Cathartes aura
No evidence for this theme found in
the available literature
4.3.3.2 Trapped/Imprisoned
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - is trapped
MIND - DREAMS - being taken prisoner
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations is a prisoner
Corvus corax principalis
MIND - DREAMS - being taken prisoner
Falco peregrinus
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - is trapped/is a prisoner
MIND - DREAMS - being trapped
Buteo jamaicensis
No evidence for this theme found in
the available literature
Cathartes aura
No evidence for this theme found in
the available literature
4.4 Summary of Data Analysis
4.4.1 Sensations
The extraction produced several marked sensations and themes that appear
in most or all of the selected remedies.
Sensations and themes were found in at least three of the selected
remedies.
Below is a table illustrating the types of sensations obtained via the
extraction:
Table 6:
Types of sensations obtained through the extraction process
Enlargement/expansion Floating Separated Constriction Dryness Joy Emptiness Anger
Swelling Flying Cutting Cramp Cheerfullness Vacancy Rage
Throbbing Lightness Divided Spasm Euphoria Hollow
Pulsating Isolated Contraction Excitement
Expansion Anxiety Obstruction Elation
Enlargement Detached Restricted Exhilaration
Eruptions Fragmented Trapped/ Euphoria
Imprisoned Mirth
Biting Spasm Carefree
Blissful
Ecstasy
Several of these sensations can be linked by a vital sensation to
describe a central sensation of separation or detachment, in a mental and
physical sense, with passive sensations of expansion, floating, enlargement and
anger, and active reactions of constriction, imprisonment and anxiety, as well
as compensatory reactions of elation and euphoria. A few sensations could not
be linked to a process, but were found to be valid sensations or themes in the
remedies of the Class Aves as they were evident in three or more of the
selected remedies.
Table 7: Proposed sensations/themes and reactions of the homoeopathic
remedies belonging to the Class Aves
Sensation Passive
Reaction Active
Reaction Compensation
Separation Trapped/Imprisoned Constriction Elation
(Divided Emptiness Anxiety Euphoria
Separated Floating/lightness Cramping Flying
Detached Expansion Anger/Rage (Freedom)
Cutting) Enlargement Eruption
Swelling
Dryness
4.4.2 Themes
1. Feeling of separation or detachment. This is seen in the mental and
physical spheres, both as generalised feeling of detachment and as a feeling of
parts of
the body being separate, divided or detached.
2. Floating, lightness and flying.
3. Cramping, constriction and restriction extending to a feeling of
being restricted trapped or imprisoned
4. Swelling and enlargement of parts.
5. Joy and Elation, felt in varying degrees, often to a point of drug
like euphoria.
6. Anger and rage, with a desire to lash out.
7. Eruptions over the whole body.
8. Emptiness/Vacancy
9. Dryness
10. Desire for +/o. sensation of biting
11. Increased appetite
12. Anxiety
4.5 Comparison with Shore’s and Fraser’s homoeopathic bird themes
There are many similarities in comparison with the themes proposed by
Shore (2004) and Fraser (2009). Most marked consistent themes between these two
authors are freedom, issues of disorientation and awkwardness, spiritual
awareness, clairvoyance or intuition, a sense of empathy and community and restlessness.
Physically both authors describe increased appetite.
The proposed themes of both Fraser (2009) and Shore (2004) are
summarised in table 8:
Table 8:
Homoeopathic Bird themes according to Shore (2004) and Fraser (2009)
Shore (2004) Fraser
(2009)
Freedom/Restriction Freedom and travel
Spirituality Spiritual
awareness
Joy, Elation/Depression Sense
of impartial detachment
Awkwardness/clumsiness Disorientation
in time and space
Nervous complaints Sensation as if drugged
Restlessness Nervous
Restlessness/ Irritability
Vulnerability/Protective Empathy
Anger/Violence Perfectionism
Communication Relationship to group or society
Clairvoyance Intuition/Natural
knowing
Vision/Affinity for Eyes Stabbing/stitching/lancinating pains
Increased appetite Disturbance of appetite
Dysmenorrhoea Stiffness, tension and cramping
Desire for open air
Warm blooded
Themes that can be confirmed by this study include joy/elation. “As if
drugged”, cramping, anger and a sense of detachment were also confirmed. Some
new themes that have come to light through this study include emptiness and
vacancy, biting, Eruptions and a more widespread sensation of separation and
cutting than previously explored. A very marked tendency for swelling and
expansion of parts as well as a mental sense of expansion was a notable theme
through out the study. Although the sensation of detachment and separation have
been mentioned by other authors this study showed these sensations as part of a
process, tying several bird sensations together as active/passive reactions and
compensations.
This process, which was brought to light in this study, is described
fully in section 4.4.1 and discussed in chapter five.
4.6 Miasmatic Classification
The five selected remedies were classified into specific miasms based on Sankarans miasmatic model (Sankaran, 2005).
This was determined by searching through the
materia medica
for miasmatic keywords as described in Sankarans Schema (2005).
The remedy was categorised as a particular miasm
if the materia medica
showed a clear predominance of the themes associated with that miasm. The miasmatic
keywords used in the search to determine the miasms
are listed in Appendix F. There was a marked predominance of Tuberculinic themes in the bird remedies, and
this is a common miasm among the selected
remedies. Evidence from material medica is from Radar
10 (Archibel, 2005) unless otherwise stated.
4.6.1 Haliaeetus leucocephalus
Tuberculinic miasm
seems to predominate in this remedy.
Although aspects of the remedy do show syphilitic tendencies, the
predominant miasm, according to the search based on
the Sankaran (2002) miasmatic
model, is
Tuberculinic. However the Syphilitic nature of
this is incorporated into the Tuberculinic miasm as this miasm includes
aspects of the Syphilitic and Sycotic miasms
according to Sankaran (2005).
MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations - “Is trapped”/”Is prisoner”
CHEST - OPPRESSION < respiration
Rubrics and proving data from Shore (2004):
“Dreams of animals free, not caged”
“So rise above. To fly away. To rise high above your fears. Be free of
the obligations of the world.”
“I am dominated by world, better when I am high above and not being
pushed.”
4.6.2 Corvus corax principalis
MIND - DREAMS of countryside, destruction of nature
MIND - DREAMS - destruction of nature
MIND - DREAMS - killing
MIND - DREAMS - suicide
MIND - SUICIDAL disposition
MIND - DESPAIR
From the original proving by Greg Bedayn, as
reproduced in Shore (2004):
”In the dream I began to scream that was going to kill myself and she
would be sorry.”
“Suicidal feelings during the day”
In a dream she felt that she had totally blown it. No way out. Stuck in
that state.
“On waking I felt a sense of impotent anger and despair about the
savagery and utter stupidity of humans, and a fear for the life of the planet.
A kind of hopelessness
I sometimes feel in my waking life. How can we do these things when
there is so much life and beauty which gets destroyed.”
From a case published in Homoeopathic Links (Deacon, 2009):
“Deep dark depression related to all her encounters with death”
“She felt she was dying. She had visions of assassins stabbing her in
the back and of her being crucified.”
4.6.3 Falco peregrinus
The Syphilitic miasm seems to predominate, as
is evident in these excerpts from the original proving by Misha
Norland (Norland, 1999):
A feeling of isolation and coldness inside. Shutting down to the outside
world, separation from my partner. 15G 015 XX.XX NS
Lots of mouth ulcers, on tongue and inside bottom lip. 02P 045 XX.XX NS
Mouth ulcers top left, and bottom right coming on. Dragging me down.
Sharp pain, better cold, better clean mouth, worse chocolate, sweet. 06P 002
XX.XX RS
Couldn't see any paths, any future, where I was going. Felt like I was
standing alone in a desert and there was nothing as far as the eye could see,
in all directions around me. It felt like there had been paths but sand had
blown over them all, so all I could do was just stand there with a feeling of
emptiness. Like a sort of empty despair.
This summed up how I felt overall. 24G 000 XX.XX NS
I don't know what is going on. Moments of peace, calm, and periods of
feeling totally content and strong in myself. Then a judder and a jolt, a
complete wave of despair and vulnerability. 15G 019 We don't respect our
environment, we are destroying the planet, we have no respect for each other.
Feel almost suicidal, don't want to wake up and try again tomorrow. 02P
005 XX.XX NS
Almost lost it the other night, suicidal, Have never really felt
suicidal before this proving. 02P 007 XX.XX NS
Deep despair, I cried and cried and felt so lonely. 02P 019 XX.XX NS
Yesterday I wanted to commit suicide by opening a vein in my arm, and I
seriously considered the practicalities of doing this. 15G 019 XX.XX NS
4.6.4 Buteo jamaicensis
Tuberculinic miasm
appears to be dominant as evident in the following:
MIND - DREAMS of freedom
MIND - DREAMS - FREEDOM desires it
MIND - DEFIANT
MIND - TRAVEL, desire to
Proving data and excerpts from Shore (2004):
They have a great desire for freedom and being carefree.
They are unable to be carefree because they feel a strong sense of
responsibility.
“The yearning for freedom was very strong”
“I am in conflict between my own need for freedom and the restriction of
my freedom through the attachment to humans”
From a case published in Homoeopathic Links by Helmond (2009):
“I want to feel free. I will not look into my agenda for any upcoming
events further than one week, at the most! Otherwise I feel crowded out”
“I want to be free and have fun. I want to do my own things, things for
myself. And not have to feel guilty and responsible all the time”
4.6.5 Cathartes aura
Leprosy Miasm seems to predominate:
MIND - REPROACHES himself
MIND - FORSAKEN feeling
MIND - BITING
From Shore (2004):
“Disgusting, disturbing dream that lingered for several days; anger and
disgust; two friends she knew were boyfriend and girlfriend; on her birthday he
violated her and forced her to perform sexual acts in front of two or
three other people”
From a case published in Homoeopathic Links (Shepard,
2009):
I saw that not only was the man treated as invisible, but that he was
used, even abused by others who gained their own advancement as a result of his
tireless and unacknowledged labours.
CHAPTER 5
ANALYSIS OF THE REMEDIES OF THE CLASS AVES
5.1 Animal Kingdom characteristics of the Class Aves
Animal remedies have certain key characteristics and themes in common, according
to Sankaran (2004). The bird remedies selected in
this study showed many of these
characteristics, which was evident in the proving data as well as in
other well documented sources of materia medica. The following selected data demonstrates
the presence of certain animal characteristics in each of the bird
remedies.
(Unless otherwise stated the data is taken from complete repertory from
Radar 10 (Archibel, 2005):
1) Aggression and anger
Haliaeetus leucocephalus:
MIND - RAGE, fury
MIND - CRUELTY, brutality, inhumanity
MIND - KILL, desire to
MIND - IRRITAted easily
Corvus corax principalis:
MIND - ANGER, irascibility (Complete Repertory)
MIND - DREAMS - anger, angry towards family
Falco peregrinus:
MIND - CRUELTY, brutality,
inhumanity
Following are proving symptoms from the original proving of Falcon by Misha Norland (Norland, 1999)
“I'm not going to play the victim - I'm going to stand up to these
people 06P 000
“I feel aggressive, angry and agitated. 04P 000 “A boy jumped me from
behind. I managed not to kick him. Threw him on the ground.
My reaction surprised me. 06P 014
“My son pushed me down to the ground. I reacted so indignantly and
angrily over something so small and playful. 02P 058
“I have responded with irritation and anger when I have felt that my
boundaries have been under threat, or when challenged. This has occurred too
when I have felt that others have been ripped off or taken advantage of”. 15G
019 XX.XX AS
Buteo jamaicensis:
MIND - ANGER, irascibility
MIND - ANGER with impulse to kill
Cathartes aura:
MIND - IRRITABILITY
2) Typical animal dreams
These include dreams of competition and survival, attack and pursuit, of
being neglected, of animals and of sexuality (Sankaran,
2004: 309).
Haliaeetus leucocephalus:
MIND - DREAMS of animals (attacking him)
MIND - DREAMS being taken prisoner
MIND - DREAMS of rape
MIND - DREAMS - amorous
Corvus corax principalis:
MIND - DREAMS - anger, angry towards family
MIND - DREAMS being bitten by dogs
MIND - DREAMS being beaten
MIND - DREAMS escaping from a danger
Falco peregrinus:
MIND - DREAMS - being abused
MIND - DREAMS of animals
MIND - DREAMS wrongful accused of crime
MIND - DREAMS - amorous
MIND - DREAMS - jealousy
MIND - DREAMS being pursued
The following are proving symptoms from the original proving of Falcon
by Misha Norland (Norland, 1999)
“Dreamt last night - which was of a sexual nature, the major themes were
of helplessness, powerlessness even though I was the more powerful entity, of shame,
of self disgust, of others being disgusted with me, of feeling forsaken, of no
one else caring. Also a sort of moral tension was present - I felt I had to
partake in the sexual act and part of me felt I really didn't want to. This
part of me felt bullied and disempowered. 02P 002”
Buteo jamaicensis:
MIND - DREAMS of animals
MIND - DREAMS being attacked
MIND - DREAMS helpless feeling
Cathartes aura:
MIND - DREAMS of animals (biting him)
MIND - DREAMS - hiding from danger
3) Feeling victimised by complaints
Haliaeetus leucocephalus:
MIND - HELPLESSNESS, feeling of
MIND - EXPLOITED sensation
MIND - DREAMS - being attacked
[This was not prominent in the other bird remedies]
4) Competition/Jealousy
Haliaeetus leucocephalus:
MIND - JEALOUSY
[This was not common in the bird remedies]
5) Sexual themes
Haliaeetus leucocephalus:
MIND - DREAMS - amorous
MALE SEXUAL Organs: desire diminished
Corvus corax principalis:
MIND - DREAMS - amorous
FEMALE Organs - desire increased
Falco peregrinus:
MIND - DREAMS amorous
MIND - DREAMS of sexual humiliation
MALE Organs: desire diminished
FEMALE Organs: COITION aversion to
FEMALE Organs: desire increased
GENERALITIES - < SEXUAL excitement
6) Restlessness and nervousness
Haliaeetus leucocephalus:
MIND - EXCITEMENT, excitable nervous
MIND - HURRY, haste
MIND - RESTLESSNESS, nervousness
MIND - EXCITEMENT, excitable “As if after coffee”
Corvus corax principalis:
MIND - RESTLESSNESS, nervousness (must move constantly)
MIND - RESTLESSNESS, nervousness - pacing back and forward
MIND - EXCITEMENT, excitable - nervous
Falco peregrinus:
MIND - RESTLESSNESS, nervousness (anger)
SLEEP - RESTLESS
Buteo jamaicensis:
MIND - RESTLESSNESS, nervousness
Cathartes aura:
MIND - RESTLESSNESS, nervousness at
night
5.2 Pathological tendencies in remedies from the Class Aves
During the search of the materia medica and repertory of the selected remedies several
pathological tendencies were noted. These are listed here, with some
evidence of these affinities from the repertory:
1) Eruptions of the skin
Haliaeetus leucocephalus:
Face, mouth, throat, back,
extremities, skin, generals
Corvus corax principalis:
SKIN - ERUPTIONS
Falco peregrinus:
Face, external throat, female,
chest, extremities - upper limbs, skin
Cathartes aura:
Face, eyes, chest, back,
extremities. Fingers, Skin
2) Affections of the Eyes and Vision
Haliaeetus leucocephalus:
EYES: Discharges, dryness, itching redness, weakness, twitching,
sensitive, pain, lachrymation
VISION: Acute, blurred. Colours, myopia
Corvus corax principalis:
EYES: Pain, agglutination, dryness, heaviness, itching, swelling, sticky
VISION: Blurred, Colours, Spots, Headache before
Falco peregrinus:
EYES: Heaviness, pain, photophobia, twitching
VISION: Blurred, Foggy, Flashes, Circles, Bright, Acute
Buteo jamaicensis:
EYES: Agglutinated, itching, heaviness, pain,
VISION: Acute, dim
Cathartes aura:
EYES: Discharges, discolouration, heaviness, pain
VISION: Acute
3) Complaints relating to the throat
Haliaeetus leucocephalus:
INTERNAL THROAT: Dryness, inflammation, irritation, itching, pain,
scratching, tension
EXTERNAL THROAT: Eruptions, Pain
Corvus corax principalis:
INTERNAL THROAT: Choking, pain,
swelling, constricting
Falco peregrinus:
INTERNAL THROAT: Catarrh, discolouration,
dryness, foreign body sensation, inflammation, mucous, nausea, swelling, pain
EXTERNAL THROAT: Eruptions, swelling
Buteo jamaicensis
INTERNAL THROAT: Inflammation, pain
Cathartes aura:
INTERNAL THROAT: Inflammation, pain, suppuration, swelling
EXTERNAL THROAT: Pain, Swelling (lymphatic)
4) Complaints of the neck and back
Haliaeetus leucocephalus:
BACK: Coldness, contractions, eruptions, cracking, eruptions, pain,
perspiration, cramping, stiffness, tension, weakness
Corvus corax principalis:
BACK: Pain, sensitive, stiffness
Falco peregrinus:
BACK: Heaviness, itching, pain,
stiffness, tension
Buteo jamaicensis
BACK: Pain
Cathartes aura:
BACK: Convulsions, eruptions, pain,
cramping
5) Cramping and spasm most notably uterine cramping
Haliaeetus leucocephalus:
CRAMPING: abdomen, female, extremities, chest, back, generalities
FEMALE Organs - PAIN cramping in uterus
FEMALE Organs - PAIN cramping during menses - during
Corvus corax principalis:
CRAMPING in Female, extremities, generals
FEMALE ORGANS - CONTRACTION general (uterus)
Falco peregrinus:
CRAMPING: in Abdomen, chest, extremities, generalities
FEMALE: Not applicable
Buteo jamaicensis
CRAMPING: in Female organs (in
uterus during menses), extremities
Cathartes aura:
CRAMPING: Abdomen, female organs (in
uterus during menses), back, generalities
5.3 Mental and emotional characteristics of remedies of the Class Aves
Detachment: The theme of detachment or separation is present on every
level in the bird remedies. On the physical level there is a sensation of
cutting or separating.
There is also a prevalent delusion of parts being separated, such as
head separated from body or hand separated. In the mental and emotional phere there is a marked sense of detachment from others, in
some cases to the point of feelings of isolation and separation from the world.
In light of this it is not surprising that many bird remedies show clairvoyance
and spirituality, as this is in keeping with the theme of that separation from
the world/group. This appears to be a vital sensation in the birds as many of
the other themes and sensations seem to occur as reaction or compensation for
this central theme of separation.
Euphoria: There is a sense of elation and joy present in the bird remedies;
it seems to stem from a sensation of lightness and freedom. In some
instances there is elation to a drug like intensity. On the other hand
the opposite quality is also present; most bird remedies contain rubrics of
despair and deep sadness.
Feeling of floating/lightness/flying:
These sensations are also a very strong feature of all the remedies in
the study. The sensation or desire for flight and lightness was mostly
associated with positive feelings of joy and elation. A desire for freedom or
feeling of freedom is associated with these sensations.
Oppression and restriction: There is a sense of imprisonment or
restriction present on a mental level, with many dreams and delusions of being
imprisoned or trapped. There is a strong theme of conflict between feelings of
restriction and obligation and a desire for freedom.
Irritability and anger: This is a common theme which can range in
intensity from irritability to rage and mania. This is also a strongly animal
characteristic.
Dreams and delusions: There are a large number of delusions in the bird
remedies, in comparison with he drug remedies. Many delusions and imaginations
deal with perception of themselves or parts of themselves as separated or
detached. Similarly there are many delusions of body parts being enlarged.
Paranoid delusions and dreams are also common, extending to dreams and
delusions of pursuit, of being threatened,
or in danger and being trapped or caught. These themes of pursuit are
also common to many animal remedies. The paranoia is also reminiscent of drug
remedies. There is also a strong theme of dreams of animals which is typical of
animal remedies. Dreams of water and nature are common and may be linked to the
natural habitat of birds.
5.4 Proposed vital sensations and reactions according to Sankaran
Some sensations can be expressed directly as well as in the form of a
reaction to that sensation, which can either be passive, active or compensatory
(Sankaran, 2004:141). Several of the most common
extracted sensations appeared to be linked and can be described as a process.
In the case of the Class Aves, there is a very distinct and widespread
sensation of separation on mental, physical and general levels (also expressed
as detached, cutting, and divided). This is the direct expression.
The passive reaction to the sensation of separation appears to be a
sensation of expansion or swelling (usually of a part), floating and lightness
as well as feelings ofimprisonment. These sensations
are consistent with a feeling of separation, they describe a state in which a
part is separated from the whole person (swelling, enlargement) or the whole
person is separated from the group or the world (imprisoned/trapped, lightness,
floating).
The active reaction can be described by the sensations of constriction
and cramping which are also very pronounced in the class Aves on all levels.
The actions of constriction or cramping are in opposition to the sensation of
separation, they describe a “pulling together” a feeling of a constricting
toward the whole person or the whole being pulled in toward itself.
The compensatory reaction is described by the sensations of elation and
euphoria, in the drug - like state of bliss that is seen in these remedies.
In these cases there is still a sense of separation, but this becomes
and acceptable state as there is a sense of bliss and joy associated with it,
much like the feelings in a drug remedy.
In the remedy Buteo jamaicensis,
the following rubric appears in complete repertory:
“MIND - DELUSIONS, imaginations – connected in wholeness in the midst of
separation and diversity, finding”.
This describes the core of this process; it describes the sensation of
separation and diversity as well as the reactive striving for a feeling of
wholeness and the compensatory sensation of achieving satisfaction and
happiness in the midst of the feelings of separation.
5.5 Clinical Applications
The remedies from the Class Aves had an affinity for the following
clinical conditions:
- Dysmenorrhoea
- Acne and dermatitis
- Conditions affecting the eye: Conjunctivitis, Eye strain
- Disorders of vision: Blurred vision, distorted vision
- Mental disorders: Anxiety, depression, delusions, mania, psychosis,
schizophrenia, drug abuse
- Headaches and migraines
- Conditions affecting the back and spine: Myalgia,
spondylosis
6.3 Final Thoughts
The bird group has been a fascinating and enlightening group to explore.
The characteristics of the class Aves are in many ways what one might expect
from our mythological knowledge of them. Among others, the themes of freedom,
lightness of heart and joy which humans have historically associated with
birds, are confirmed by this study, and in some respects it appears to the
researcher to confirm that as humans we instinctively know many things about
nature. Thanks to modern technology we can now confirm with data and further
explore the things that once we could only imagine.
Vorwort/Suchen Zeichen/Abkürzungen Impressum