Darmnosoden Anhang 2

 

[S. Praveen Kumar]

Medicines prepared from cultures of non lactose fermenting bacterial flora of the intestinal tract are called intestinal Bowel Nosodes. They are not the morbid product of disease, but they are classified under nosodes.

B.coli in the intestinal tract perform normal & useful function when the intestinal mucosa is healthy, but any change in the host that affects the intestinal mucosa will affect the balance, and change the biochemistry of B.coli. It should be noted that the primary change i.e. the disease, originated in the host which compels the bacilli to modify in order to survive.

The proving of bowel nosodes were not conducted in the strict Hahnemannian sense, but on clinical observation of the sick person.

 

1. Dr. Edward Bach (1886 – 1936)

A bacteriologist in London discovered that certain intestinal germs belonging to non lactose fermenting gram negative coli, typhoid group, had a close connection with chronic disease and its cure. These germs are present in healthy and diseased individuals but in the latter case it is pathogenic. He isolated the bacilli and prescribed it for the patient in the form of a vaccine – an autogenous vaccine – and claimed to cure the disease.

Years later he potentised the vaccine according to the Homoeopathic principle, administered and cured so many patients.

The first full preparation of clinical proving was done in 1929 by Thomas Dishington on Dysentery co.

In 1930 Bach briefly summarized the clinically derived indication for most of the nosodes.

In 1930 he stopped the research on Bowel nosodes and discovered “Bach flower remedies”.

 

2. JOHN PATERSON (1890- 1955)

A co-worker of Bach concentrated on this research after 1929. He studied more deeply the characteristics of the bowel flora, especially their behavior in health, disease and

in drug provings. He examined more than 20,000 stool specimens and conducted research over 20 years.

The balance of the bowel flora is disturbed in disease.

Similar changes are also observed in drug provings.

    Paterson advocated specific recommendation on potency, dose and repetition of bowel nosodes.

    He related each bowel nosode to a group of Homoeopathic remedies.

    Bach found out that the non lactose fermenting gram -‘ve coli was closely associated with the symptoms collectively called Psora by Hahnemann.

    Paterson believed that gram negative diplococci were directly related to the sycotic miasm.

    He grouped and typed the flora by continuous experiment and observation. He was able to detect a definite relationship between certain drugs and certain types of

    bowel flora. When a particular drug was administered in potencies the bowel flora was altered in a particular way.

    He divided the Morgan group of bacteria into 2 sub classes on bacteriological basis and thus created nosodes – Morgan pure & Morgan gaertner.

    In1933 Paterson presented a paper on Sycotic co.

    In 1950 he published summary of his accumulated experience.

    After his death in 1954, his wife Elizabeth Paterson continued the research.

 

INDICATIONS FOR THE USE OF BOWEL NOSODES

During case taking, great attention should be given to the past as well as the presenting complaint. Bowel nosodes are deep acting remedies so the case taking must cover the totality of symptoms. The nosode should be administered in the same manner as any Homoeopathic remedy, they should not be given empirically but only on Homoeopathic principles.

Paterson divided the case in to 2 groups

New case – when the patient has not taken Homoeopathic treatment.

Old case – a patient under Homoeopathic treatment but not responding well.

 

NEW CASES:

1. In a new case where a definite symptom picture points to a remedy, that remedy should be given, not the nosode.

2. In cases where the choice may be from a number of possible remedies, eg. Sulphur, Calcarea, Graphitis, and it is difficult to select a remedy from this, Morgan pure can be considered to cover the totality of symptoms by referring to the table of related remedies.

 

OLD CASES :

This is an individual who has had Homoeopathic treatment over a period of time and received a considerable number of remedies in various potencies. These are difficult cases, there is no available evidence from stool culture to give a clue to the group of remedies likely to be useful, or indications as to the phase in which the patient is at the moment.

In such cases, it should be remembered that the potentised remedy can alter the bowel flora. In old cases the remedy already given may have caused a positive phase of bowel flora, that is it changed the B.coli predominance to that of non lactose fermenting bacilli.

If the percentage of non lactose fermenting bacteria in the stool is greater than 50% the administration of bowel nosode is contraindicated, the nosode given at that time produces a negative phase with a corresponding period of vital depression in the patient. In such cases use a nosode in 6c potency in the first instance to avoid the chance

of violent negative reaction.

The choice of the nosode for any case may be determined by a study of the clinical histories and noting down the remedies which have given the greatest, although not sustained effect. Tabulate this list of remedies and compare it with the nosode list and associated remedies and choose the nosode which has the greatest number within its group.

 

DOSE, POTENCY & REPETITION

As usual in Homoeopathy, the more obvious the mental picture, the higher the potency, but lower the potency if marked pathological symptoms are present. But between these two extremes use the 30th potency–when there is a combination of acute and chronic state, for example, in chronic bronchopneumonia –

    Proteus acts best in high potency

    Gartner will not work in low potency

 

According to Paterson do not repeat a bowel nosode within three months, instead prescribe the homeopathically indicated similimum from the group of remedies (previously given) related to the bowel nosode.

HOW BOWEL NOSODES WORK

 

After the administration of the suitable nosode, the curative process begins, the non lactose fermenting bacteria begin to mutate to other groups and ultimately disappear, these happenings occur simultaneously with the disappearance of the symptom, reappearance of the old symptoms and the efflorescence of the skin eruptions with ultimate clearing (Hering’s Law). This is associated with a marked increase in the vitality of the patient.

 

The bacilli change with the patient. This mutation of the non lactose fermenting bacteria back to normal coli has been demonstrated in the laboratory.

 

IMPORTANT BOWEL NOSODES

    B.Morgan (Bach)

    Morgan pure (Paterson)

    Morgan gaertner (Paterson)

    Dysntery co. (Bach)

    B.Proteus (Bach)

    Gartner (Bach)

    Sycotic co. (Paterson)

    Bacillus No.7 (Paterson)

    B.Mutabile (Bach)

    B.Feacalis (Bach)

    Bacillus No.10 (Paterson)

    Cocal co

 

1. MORGAN (Bach)

A non lactose fermenting, most frequently found in stools and it has the greatest number of associated remedies than other nosodes.

“Congestion” is the keynote

Biochemistry: Sulphur and Calcarea carb stand out the most

Frequently prescribed when there is repeated bronchopneumonia in children

MIND: Introspective, avoid company but often show mental anxiety if left alone

Depression with suicidal tendency

HEAD: Congestive headache with flushed face in hot climate, traveling etc.

Vertigo from high BP

GIT: Bilious attack with severe headache > by vomiting large quantity of bile stained mucus (In Migraine & Menopause)

Cholecystitis, Gallstone, constipation, hemorrhoids etc.

RESP: Recurrent attack of bronchopneumonia in children

URINARY: Congestive pneumonia & menopausal flushing.

CIRCULATION: Tendency to varicose veins & hemorrhoids in children due to congestion

Painful swelling of articulation of hand.

SKIN: Is the most important area of action Congestion of skin with itching eruption Aggravation from heat, Papulopustular eruption on face

Associated skin remedies are Sulphur, Graphites, Petroleum & Psorinum

 

MORGAN PURE (Paterson)

Indicated when there is marked skin eruption, disturbance of liver, bilious headache or gallstone.

MORGAN GAERTNER (Paterson )

    [S. Praveen Kumar]

    Gartner will not work in low potency

Most useful in acute inflammatory conditions as in renal colic and gallstone colic

Aggravation at 4-8 pm

Loss of hair in bunches

Noisy eructation with bad smell

Rectal prolapse

Thick brown corrosive bad smelling leucorrhoea

2. PROTEUS (Bach )

    [S. Praveen Kumar]

    Proteus acts best in high potency

Key note: Suddenness in nearly all complaints

Always related to central and peripheral nervous system

Biochemistry: The outstanding element is chlorine

Mind:

Out burst of violence and temper especially if opposed.

Child lies on floor kick & screams

GIT: Duodenal ulcer due to prolonged mental strain (Nat. m )

Neuromuscular System:

Cramps of muscles (Cup)

Spasm of peripheral circulation resulting in intermittent

claudicating and dead fingers.

Highly recommended in Raynaud’s disease and Miner’s disease.

Skin: Angioneurotic edema (Apis)

Marked sensitivity to UV light.

3. BACILLUS No.7 (Paterson)

Keynote: Mental & physical fatigue, old rheumatism

Biochemistry: Br & Iodine

Mind: Outstanding mental fatigue

Urinary Organs: Feeble urinary out flow, loss of sexual function, premature senility

Respiratory Organs: Asthma, bronchial catarrh, tough mucus (Kali-c )

Heart: Slow pulse rate with low BP

K+ as a specific action on cardiac muscle

Throbbing of capillary vessels of fingers

4. GARTNER (Bach)

Key note: Malnutrition

Biochemistry: Sil, Phos. Fl. Merc-v.

Overactive brain with undernourished body

Chew nails, sleeps for a long time

GIT: Intestinal infantilism

Inability to digest fat- celiac disease. Chronic gastrocolitis, tabes mesentrica, thread worms

Gut: Presence of blood and mucus in urine

Profuse fetid leucorrhoea with prostration

5. DYSENTERY CO. (Bach)

Keynote: Anticipatory nervous tension

Mind: Anticipation

Hypersensitive to criticism

Shyness and uneasiness

GIT: Selective action on the pylorus causing spasm & retention of digestive content Inflammation of nasal, ocular and pharyngeal mm

MARKED IMPROVEMENT IN CONGENITAL PYLORIC STENOSIS

Duodenal ulcer from nervous tension.

In proteus – nervous tension is insidious in action, unperceived by the patient and the physical condition – the ulcer- tends to come suddenly without warning.

CVS: Anticipatory discomfort in cardiac area.

6. SYCOTI CO. ( Paterson)

A PRE-TUBERCULAR REMEDY

Key note: Irritability with special reference to synovial & mucus membrane

Mind: Temporary nervous irritability (Lyc) fear of dark, alone while

Head: Headache due to sinusitis, abundant perspiration at night

Persistent headache in a child may be a feature of or prodromal sign of tubercular meningitis

Premature grayness

GIT: Chronic irritation of the whole alimentary tract (Med)

Urgent call to stool, as soon as rising from bed

Respiratory Organs: Acute, subacute & chronic bronchial catarrh

Enlarged tonsils and adenoids in children

Fibrosity of the thoracic wall

Considered as a tubercular remedy

Circulation: Always an anemic look

Painful swollen hands with pain in soles

Neuromuscular: Rheumatic complaint < in damp & rest (Rhus-t.)

Skin: Vesicular warts on an oily skin

Warts on mucocutaneous surface

Fibrotic indurations of skin

Urinary Organs: Nocturnal enuresis in children

Pyelonephritis, urethritis and cystitis

Female Organs: Pain in Lt. Ovary during menses

Tubal infections, profuse leucorrhoea

7. MUTABILE (Bach)

It is named so because it mutates as soon as it is sub-cultured from a non lactose to a lactose fermenter. It is an intermediary form between B. coli and the true non lactose fermenting type.

Associated remedy: Pulsatilla

Used in the treatment where there is alternation of symptoms or changeability

e.g. Skin eruptions alternate with asthma

Food allergy of all type

Albuminuria ( Foubister)

8. B. FAECALIS

Similar to sepia

Not well proved

9. BACILLUS No.10 ( Paterson )

Spongy gums

Cannot digest egg and fat

Greenish fish smelling leucorrhoea

Numerous flat warts on hands

Lipoma

10. COCAL CO. (Paterson)

In septic state

Not well proved

 

BOWEL NOSODES & RELATED REMEDIES

MORGAN PURE                                     Sulphur

MORGAN GARTNER                         Lycopodium

PROTEUS                                                 Natrium muriaticum

MUTABILE                                                 Pulsatilla

BACILLUS NO.7                                     Br. Kali-c. Iod.

GAERTNER                                                 Merc-v. Sil. Phos.

DYSENTERY CO.                                     Ars.

SYCOTIC CO.                                     Thuja

B. FAECALIS.                                     Sepia

 

[Valerian Mendonca]

Bowel nosodes prepared using micro-organisms from the gut have been used by homeopaths for over two centuries but have been in the periphery as a prescription.

The therapeutic use of these nosodes has shown positive effect on the symptoms of the mind, both at the intellectual and emotional level and also on the symptoms of the digestive, circulatory, respiratory and locomotor systems. Until now, the role of bowel nosodes or how and why they influence the health of an individual has been a matter

of conjecture.

With the path-breaking research findings on the human microbiota, especially the Human Microbiome Project commissioned by NIH, the functioning of our digestive system and its influence on our body and, more importantly, our mental health has come to the forefront. It has moved mind-body research to mainstream and is finding acceptance

in modern medicine, in a way aligning with homoeopathic philosophical understanding of disease.

Psychoneuroendoimmunology (PNEI) is a discipline to study the relationship between immunity, the endocrine system, and the central and peripheral nervous systems and homoeopaths have been intrinsically applying it much before PNEI axis was understood.

The study can now help better understand the role and importance of bowel nosodes as an important adjuvant to homoeopathic therapeutics. Homoeopathic remedies,

along with the bowel nosodes when juxtaposed with the understanding of human microbiota, holds a promise for wider and deeper therapeutic application.

This also opens up the need for research to further establish the remedy relationship between homoeopathic remedies and the nosodes in terms of complementary, following well, antagonistic, and antidotal aspects.

Human Gut Microbiota

Hippocrates, a Greek physician, in his writings said, “Let food be thy medicine, and medicine be thy nourishment.” Only after the invention of the microscope did we recognise the existence of microorganisms, and subsequently, with the understanding of microbiology, did we learn that humans play a dual role. When we eat, we not only feed our bodies but also the 100 trillion germs that live on our skin, in our guts, and even up our noses.

Numerous of these microorganisms are commensal and coexist peacefully with their human hosts. They essentially guarantee their own survival in exchange for important services that are necessary for human survival —quid pro quo. The number of microorganisms inhabiting the GI tract has been estimated to exceed 1014, which encompasses approximately 10 times more bacterial cells than the number of human cells.

Together, these microbes weigh between 1–2 kg, which is roughly the weight of our brain. They function as an extra organ in our body and play a huge role in our health

and warrant further research.

The majority of commensal microorganisms, which are crucial to our health, and the pathogenic germs are constantly vying to colonise our guts.  The pathogenic bacteria colonise an area when the soil conditions are favourable to them. The body cannot profit from the diminished commensal germs, and occasionally the neutral microbes can

also become errant. The body is then more vulnerable to illness.

Bowel Nosodes

In an era when Pasteur and Koch and others were producing exceptional work in medical microbiology, including proposing the germ theory, which eventually gained wide acceptance in the scientific community, we had the French chemist Antoine Béchamp (1816–1908), who argued that microbes became dangerous when the health of the host—its “terrain” (soil) or environment—deteriorated. The Human Microbiome Project now proves that Antoine Béchamp was right.

At the same time, when the germ theory debate was raging, Dr. Edward Bach, a pathologist and bacteriologist, recognised a connection between gut flora and health.

Dr Bach was intrigued after reading “The Organon of Medicine” by Dr Sammuel Hahnemann. He was struck by the similarity between the conventional vaccine theory and

the law of similars.

He decided to potentize the bacteria cultures he had obtained from human bowels as per homoeopathic principles and administer them to his patients. He had earlier used

these cultures in the form of conventional vaccines. After treating 500 cases over a period of 10 years, Dr. Bach reported 95% improvement with the use of nosodes over

the conventional form of the vaccine. Dr. Bach published the first ever paper on this concept in 1920.

The Bowel Nosodes are homoeopathically attenuated cultures of non-lactose fermenting bacilli from the gut flora. Essentially, we have twelve bowel nosodes that have been used homoeopathically, they are:

B. Morgan (Bach), Morgan Pure (Paterson), Morgan Gaertner (Paterson), B. Proteus, Sycotic Co, B. Gaertner, Dysentry Co, Bacillus No.7, B. Mutabile, B. Faecalis,

Bacillus No.10 (Paterson), and Cocal Co. Although, they have been named thus, in essence, they are compounds (made up of subtypes) because pure cultures could not be isolated at the time.

Dr. John Paterson (1890-1955) and his wife Elizabeth continued Dr. Bach’s work. Paterson presented his paper titled “The Role of Bowel Flora in Chronic Disease” at the British Homoeopathic Congress, Glasgow (September 1948). Dr. Paterson studied and analysed almost 20,000 faecal samples over the course of 20 years.

He came to the conclusion that a medical condition causes clear alterations in the non-lactose fermenting non-pathogenic intestinal flora. He observed that administration of

a bowel nosode led to the elimination of non-lactose fermenting bacilli with a corresponding improvement in health.

He deemed this as a healthy or good prognosis. He also noted that the removal of non-lactose fermenting bacilli in the faeces occurred even when prescribed homoeopathic medicines based on the “rule of similars”.  He came to the conclusion that homoeopathic treatments also affect the flora of the gut.

He then established the empirical symptom-complex or “proving” associated with each form of intestinal nosode by correlating his observations with the clinical picture he created from the sick person after administering homoeopathic treatments.

For instance, after receiving homoeopathic Sulphur or Calcarea, a patient will pass large amounts of B. Morgan in their faeces. I.e., if a patient given homoeopathic Sulphur

or Calcarea, after the treatment, the patient sheds many B. Morgan in their stool.

Importance of bowel nosodes in light of the Human Microbiome Project 

As a result of the Human Microbiome Project proving a connection between the human microbiome’s makeup and disease, the microbial composition is now employed as

a significant biomarker to identify numerous dyscrasias.

We now understand that alterations in the gut microbiota have an impact on human physiology and metabolism, which can result in disease states. Findings show that

diseases like diabetes, endocarditis, cancer, autoimmune disorders, and preterm deliveries all have changed microbiota.

The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a bidirectional communication system that connects the central and enteric nervous systems, connecting emotional and cognitive centres of the brain with peripheral intestinal functions. Recent research has described the importance of gut microbiota in influencing these interactions. This interaction between microbiota and GBA appears to be bidirectional, with signaling from gut microbiota to brain and from brain to gut microbiota via the neural endocrine, immune, and humoural links.

As a result, these factors affect mental health such as neural development, cognition, and behaviour can result in diseases like depression, autism, schizophrenia, Alzheimer and Parkinson’s.

Encouraged by these findings, flora from one human to another is introduced during a Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT), which alters the recipient’s gut microbiota directly in order to normalise its composition and provide therapeutic benefit.

FMT (transplant?) is risky, despite the fact that its short-term results have been encouraging. In numerous instances, it has been found that a person has inherited the

co-morbidities from a donor while also lessening the urgent situation that required the transplant.

There have been reports of personality changes in FMT recipients (both people and animals), some of which are undesirable trade-offs. Prospective donors need to be thoroughly screened. The lengthy and onerous list of inclusion and exclusion criteria for donors has a significant probability of screening error.

To counteract the negative effects of FMT, the use of immunosuppressant drugs will inevitably rise. The FMT experiment nevertheless illustrates how microbiota affect our neurological system, body, and mental health.

Bowel nosodes have produced beneficial effects in both pathology and the mental plane when utilised in accordance with the “rule of similars” as it is stated in homoeopathy. Numerous homoeopaths have applied and disseminated their clinical observations and expertise over the years.

There is documentation of these cases, and the conclusions are supported by facts. When combined with the results from the Microbiome Project, this literature can be a great resource for examining the full therapeutic potential of intestinal nosodes.

In his Materia Medica of Nosodes, Dr. Paterson has listed the pathophysiological symptoms pointing to the use of a specific nosode. Let us study a few of these nosodes and correlate the indications in the materia medica with modern research.

Nosode Bacilli Morgan

The theme (keynote) for use by B. Morgan is ‘Congestion (Inflammation)’. Congestion in the cranium, the digestive, respiratory, genito-urinary, and circulatory systems, as well as in the fibrous tissues and skin, are common in patients who require B. Morgan. These people frequently have suicidal thoughts and are extremely anxious, afraid, and anxious and depressed when left alone.

The Morgan Bacillus was first found in the dysenteric stools of children. Later researchers discovered them in a variety of pathological conditions, including chronic discharging wounds, fatal septicemia, pyelitis, fatal cholecystitis, and others.

One researcher discovered Morgan Bacillus in the intestinal tracts of patients with mental disease, and he proposed that removing it from the bowel could lead to improvements in both bodily health and mental condition.

Nosode Proteus 

[Valerian Mendonca]

The nosode Proteus consists of bowel organisms Proteus Vulgaris and Proteus Mirabilis. Materia Medica and repertory indicates a lot of violence, rage, anger with sudden impulses along with fear of being forsaken, agoraphobia, fear of the dark.

All these sensitivities indicate it usefulness in ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorders. Proteus Mirabilis has been isolated from urine and stool samples of autistic children

and even in the stool culture of their parents. In one study, oral administration of Proteus mirabilis was found to damage dopaminergic neurons and motor functions in mice, inducing Parkinson disease.

Nosode E. Faecalis

Dr Paterson matrixed the symptom complex of Bacilli Faecalis to just one homoeopathy remedy, and that is Sepia. O.A. Julian lists prostration of the mind and irritability

to B. Faecalis, which is a typical Sepia state. According to homoeopathic literature, B Faecalis can be used to treat colitis, rectum and anus inflammation, dysentery (intestinal inflammation and bloody diarrhea), and allergies.

The principal site of action for this nosode is the digestive system. If we look at the sphere of action of the remedy Sepia, it involves the venous circulation with main action on the digestive tract, portal system, female pelvic organs, nerves and skin. Not surprisingly the most frequent nosocomial infection caused by the gram-positive bacteria Enterococcus faecalis is urinary tract infection.

E. faecalis are the most resilient bacteria in the root canal, able to survive even under the hardest conditions and possessing a variety of virulence characteristics that contribute to their efficacy as an infectious agent. In about 40% of instances of primary endodontic infection and up to 77% of cases of persistent or secondary endodontic infection,

E. faecalis is present.

They persist by forming a bio-film resistant to even the strongest antibiotics or disinfectants. In an in vitro study, calcium hydroxide was used as an intracanal medication to compare homoeopathic treatments for root canal disinfection.

The results of the investigation showed that the homoeopathic drug Acid Benzoic 30c clearly inhibited the growth of E. faecalis in a culture plate. As a lot of dental conditions are also met by Sepia in the materia medica, it would be interesting to do a similar study using Faecalis nosode and its analog, Sepia.

In yet another experiment on mice, depressive-like behavior and IBD-like pathology was induced by adding dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) in drinking water. After seven days the mice showed increased TNF-α and IL-6 expression in the rectum and hippocampus, activated caspase-3 in the hippocampus, and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis.

This was followed by the (Enterococcus faecalis) EF-2001 administration, which over 20 days was able to undo these alterations. This study again establishes a correlation between IBD and mental health (Gut-Brain Axis) and opens up the therapeutic application of the homoeopathic nosode in similar conditions.

Other Research Outcomes:

A study published in the Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy reported positive results in treatment of cervical spondylosis. Patients were administered bowel nosode selected on the finding of their stool culture report. Nosode Sycotic Co. yielded the most favorable results.

Scope for Future Research and Therapeutic Application of Bowel Nosodes

We now have research that supports the role of the microbiome in the susceptibility to infectious disease, as well as many chronic diseases, including mental health.

Aside from short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, recent research indicates that the metabolites produced by the gut microbiota also include neurotransmitters such as glutamate, GABA, serotonin, and dopamine.

The role of gut dysbiosis in triggering cytokine storms, as seen in COVID-19, is also being investigated. The Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR) in Sweden aims to better understand the contribution of the human microbiome to physiology and pathophysiology with the goal to open opportunities for development of novel therapies in the area of gastroenterology, reproductive health, neonatology and cancer.

Given these findings, homoeopathic practitioners should become more interested in using Bowel Nosodes as an adjuvant to homoeopathic remedies. To assess the impact of bowel nosodes, a stool culture report should be one of the important pathological findings requested by the physician.

A global registry of all cases treated with bowel nosodes and homoeopathic remedies will aid in understanding the therapeutic range. As our understanding of microbiota grows, there will arise a need for more specific bowel nosodes to be developed and used.

 

[S. Praveen Kumar]

Medicines prepared from cultures of non lactose fermenting bacterial flora of the intestinal tract are called intestinal Bowel Nosodes. They are not the morbid product

of disease, but they are classified under nosodes. B.coli in the intestinal tract perform normal & useful function when the intestinal mucosa is healthy, but any change in

the host that affects the intestinal mucosa will affect the balance, and change the biochemistry of B.coli. It should be noted that the primary change i.e. the disease, originated in the host which compels the bacilli to modify in order to survive. The proving of bowel nosodes were not conducted in the strict Hahnemannian sense, but on clinical observation of the sick person.

1. Dr. Edward Bach (1886 – 1936) A bacteriologist in London discovered that certain intestinal germs belonging to non lactose fermenting gram negative coli, typhoid group, had a close connection with chronic disease and its cure. These germs are present in healthy and diseased individuals but in the latter case it is pathogenic.

He isolated the bacilli and prescribed it for the patient in the form of a vaccine – an autogenous vaccine – and claimed to cure the disease. Years later he potentised the vaccine according to the Homoeopathic principle, administered and cured so many patients.

Thomas Dishington: did the first full clinical proving was in 1929 by on Dysentery co. In 1930 Bach briefly summarized the clinically derived indication for most of the nosodes. In 1930 he stopped the research.

 

The proving of bowel nosodes were not conducted in the strict Hahnemannian sense, but on clinical observation of the sick person.

Medicines prepared from cultures of non lactose fermenting bacterial flora of the intestinal tract are called intestinal Bowel Nosodes. They are not the morbid product of disease, but they are classified under nosodes.

B. coli in the intestinal tract perform a normal, useful function when the intestinal mucosa is healthy, but any change in the host that affects the intestinal mucosa will affect the balance, and change the biochemistry of B. coli. It should be noted that the primary change i.e. the disease, originated in the host which compels the bacilli to modify in order to survive.

 

1. Dr. Edward Bach (1886 – 1936)

A bacteriologist in London discovered that certain intestinal germs belonging to non lactose fermenting gram negative coli, typhoid group, had a close connection with chronic disease and its cure. These germs are present in healthy and diseased individuals but in the latter case it is pathogenic. He isolated the bacilli and prescribed it for the patient in the form of a vaccine – an autogenous vaccine – and claimed to cure the disease.

Years later he potentised the vaccine according to the Homoeopathic principle, administered and cured so many patients. The first full preparation of clinical proving was done in 1929 by Thomas Dishington on Dysentery co.

In 1930 Bach briefly summarized the clinically derived indication for most of the nosodes.

In 1930 he stopped the research on Bowel nosodes and discovered “Bach flower remedies”.

 

2. JOHN PATERSON (1890- 1955)

A co-worker of Bach concentrated on this research after 1929. He studied more deeply the characteristics of the bowel flora (their behavior in health, disease and in drug provings). He examined more than 20.000 stool specimens and conducted research over 20 years.

He came to the following conclusions: The non lactose fermenting non pathogenic bowel flora (B.coli) undergoes definite changes in the disease condition. While this alternation in the nature of bowel flora might be a mere concomittant to the disease condition, there is reason to believe that the B.coli actually turns pathogenic.

 

The balance of the bowel flora is disturbed in disease.

Similar changes are also observed in drug provings.

    Paterson advocated specific recommendation on potency, dose and repetition of bowel nosodes.

    He related each bowel nosode to a group of Homoeopathic remedies.

    Bach found out that the non lactose fermenting gram -’ve coli was closely associated with the symptoms collectively called Psora by Hahnemann.

    Paterson believed that gram negative diplococci were directly related to the sycotic miasm.

    He grouped and typed the flora by continuous experiment and observation. He was able to detect a definite relationship between certain drugs and certain

            types of bowel flora. When a particular drug was administered in potencies the bowel flora was altered in a particular way.

    He divided the Morgan group of bacteria into 2 sub classes on bacteriological basis and thus created nosodes – Morgan pure and Morgan gaertner.

    In1933 Paterson presented a paper on Sycotic co.

    In 1950 he published summary of his accumulated experience.

    After his death in 1954, his wife Elizabeth Paterson continued the research.

 

INDICATIONS FOR THE USE OF BOWEL NOSODES

During case taking, great attention should be given to the past as well as the presenting complaint. Bowel nosodes are deep acting remedies so the case taking must cover the totality of symptoms. The nosode should be administered in the same manner as any Homoeopathic remedy, they should not be given empirically but only on Homoeopathic principles.

 

Paterson divided the case in to 2 groups

New case – when the patient has not taken Homoeopathic treatment.

Old case – a patient under Homoeopathic treatment but not responding well.

 

NEW CASES :

1. In a new case where a definite symptom picture points to a remedy, that remedy should be given, not the nosode.

2. In cases where the choice may be from a number of possible remedies, eg. Sulphur, Calcarea, Graphitis, and it is difficult to select a remedy from this, Morgan pure can be considered to cover the totality of symptoms by referring to the table of related remedies.

 

OLD CASES :

This is an individual who has had Homoeopathic treatment over a period of time and received a considerable number of remedies in various potencies. These are difficult cases, there is no available evidence from stool culture to give a clue to the group of remedies likely to be useful, or indications as to the phase in which the patient is at the moment.

In such cases, it should be remembered that the potentised remedy can alter the bowel flora. In old cases the remedy already given may have caused a positive phase of bowel flora, that is it changed the B.coli predominance to that of non lactose fermenting bacilli.

If the percentage of non lactose fermenting bacteria in the stool is greater than 50% the administration of bowel nosode is contraindicated, the nosode given at that time produces a negative phase with a corresponding period of vital depression in the patient. In such cases use a nosode in 6c potency in the first instance to avoid the chance of violent negative reaction.

The choice of the nosode for any case may be determined by a study of the clinical histories and noting down the remedies which have given the greatest, although not sustained effect. Tabulate this list of remedies and compare it with the nosode list and associated remedies and choose the nosode which has the greatest number within its group.

 

DOSE, POTENCY & REPETITION

As usual in Homoeopathy, the more obvious the mental picture, the higher the potency, but lower the potency if marked pathological symptoms are present. But between these two extremes use the 30th potency, when there is a combination of acute and chronic state, for example, in chronic bronchopneumonia -

    Proteus acts best in high potency

    Gartner will not work in low potency

According to Paterson do not repeat a bowel nosode within three months, instead prescribe the homeopathically indicated similimum from the group of remedies (previously given) related to the bowel nosode.

 

HOW BOWEL NOSODES WORK

After the administration of the suitable nosode, the curative process begins, the non lactose fermenting bacteria begin to mutate to other groups and ultimately disappear, these happenings occur simultaneously with the disappearance of the symptom, reappearance of the old symptoms and the efflorescence of the skin eruptions with ultimate clearing (Hering’s Law). This is associated with a marked increase in the vitality of the patient.

The bacilli change with the patient. This mutation of the non lactose fermenting bacteria back to normal coli has been demonstrated in the laboratory.

 

IMPORTANT BOWEL NOSODES

    B. Morgan (Bach)

    Morgan pure (Paterson)

    Morgan gaertner (Paterson)

    Dysntery co. (Bach)

    B.Proteus (Bach)

    Gartner (Bach)

    Sycotic co. (Paterson)

    Bacillus No.7 (Paterson)

    B.Mutabile (Bach)

    B.Feacalis (Bach)

    Bacillus No.10 (Paterson)

    Cocal co

 

1. MORGAN (Bach)

A non lactose fermenting, most frequently found in stools and it has the greatest number of associated remedies than other nosodes.

“Congestion” is the keynote

Biochemistry: Sulphur and Calcarea carb stand out the most

Frequently prescribed when there is repeated bronchopneumonia in children

MIND: Introspective, avoid company but often show mental anxiety if left alone

Depression with suicidal tendency

HEAD: Congestive headache with flushed face in hot climate, traveling etc.

Vertigo from high BP

GIT: Bilious attack with severe headache > by vomiting large quantity of bile stained mucus ( In Migrane & Menopause)

Cholecystitis, Gallstone, constipation, hemorrhoids etc.

RESP: Recurrent attack of bronchopneumonia in children

URINARY: Congestive pneumonia & menopausal flushing.

CIRCULATION: Tendency to varicose veins & hemorrhoids in children due to congestion

Painful swelling of articulation of hand.

SKIN: Is the most important area of action Congestion of skin with itching eruption Aggravation from heat, Papulopustular eruption on face

Associated skin remedies are Sulphur, Graphites, Petroleum & Psorinum

 

MORGAN PURE (Paterson)

Indicated when there is marked skin eruption, disturbance of liver, bilious headache or gallstone.

 

MORGAN GAERTNER (Paterson )

Most useful in acute inflammatory conditions as in renal colic and gallstone colic

Aggravation at 4-8 pm

Loss of hair in bunches

Noisy eructation with bad smell

Rectal prolapse

Thick brown corrosive bad smelling leucorrhoea

 

2. PROTEUS (Bach )

Key note: Suddenness in nearly all complaints

Always related to central and peripheral nervous system

Biochemistry: The outstanding element is chlorine

MIND:

Out burst of violence and temper especially if opposed.

Child lies on floor kick & screams

GIT: Duodenal ulcer due to prolonged mental strain (Nat. m )

NEUROMUSCULAR SYSTEM:

Cramps of muscles (Cup)

Spasm of peripheral circulation resulting in intermittent

claudicating and dead fingers.

Highly recommended in Raynaud’s disease and Miner’s disease.

SKIN: Angioneurotic edema (Apis)

Marked sensitivity to UV light.

 

3. BACILLUS No.7 (Paterson)

Keynote: Mental & physical fatigue, old rheumatism

Biochemistry: Br & Iodine

MIND: Outstanding mental fatigue

URINARY: Feeble urinary out flow, loss of sexual function, premature senility

RESP: Asthma, bronchial catarrh, tough mucus (Kali.c )

HEART: Slow pulse rate with low BP

K+ as a specific action on cardiac muscle

Throbbing of capillary vessels of fingers

 

4. GARTNER (Bach)

Key note: Malnutrition

Biochemistry: Sil, P, Fl, Merc-viv

Overactive brain with undernourished body

Chew nails, sleep for a long time

GIT: Intestinal infantilism

Inability to digest fat- celiac disease. Chronic gastrocolitis, tabes mesentrica, thread worms

GUT: Presence of blood and mucus in urine

Profuse fetid leucorrhoea with prostration

 

5. DYSENTERY CO. (Bach)

Keynote: Anticipatory nervous tension

MIND: Anticipation

Hypersensitive to criticism

Shyness and uneasiness

GIT: Selective action on the pylorus causing spasm & retention of digestive content Inflammation of nasal, ocular and pharyngeal mm

MARKED IMPROVEMENT IN CONGENITAL PYLORIC STENOSIS

Duodenal ulcer from nervous tension.

In proteus – nervous tension is insidious in action, unperceived by the patient and the physical condition – the ulcer- tends to come suddenly with out warning.

CVS: Anticipatory discomfort in cardiac area.

 

6. SYCOTI CO. ( Paterson)

A PRE-TUBERCULAR REMEDY

Key note: Irritability with special reference to synovial & mucus membrane

Mind: Temporary nervous irritability (Lyc) fear of dark, alone while

HEAD: Headache due to sinusitis, abundant perspiration at night

Persistent headache in a child may be a feature of or prodromal sign of tubercular meningitis

Premature grayness

GIT: Chronic irritation of the whole alimentary tract (Med)

Urgent call to stool, as soon as rising from bed

RESP: Acute, subacute & chronic bronchial catarrh

Enlarged tonsils and adenoids in children

Fibrosity of the thoracic wall

Considered as a tubercular remedy

CIRCULATION: Always an anemic look

Painful swollen hands with pain in soles

NEUROMUSCULAR: Rheumatic complaint < in damp & rest (Rhus)

SKIN: Vesicular warts on an oily skin

Warts on mucocutaneous surface

Fibrotic indurations of skin

URINARY: Nocturnal enuresis in children

Pyelonephritis, urethritis and cystitis

FEMALE: Pain in Lt. Ovary during menses

Tubal infections, profuse leucorrhoea

 

7. MUTABILE (Bach)

It is named so because it mutates as soon as it is sub-cultured from a non lactose to a lactose fermenter. It is an intermediary form between B.coli and the true non lactose fermenting type.

Associated remedy is Pulsatilla

Used in the treatment where there is alternation of symptoms or changeability e.g. Skin eruptions # asthma

Food allergy of all type

Albuminuria ( Foubister)

 

8. B. FAECALIS

Similar to sepia

Not well proved

 

9. BACILLUS No.10 ( Paterson )

Spongy gums

Cannot digest egg and fat

Greenish fish smelling leucorrhoea

Numerous flat warts on hands

Lipoma

 

10. COCAL CO. (Paterson)

In septic state

Not well proved

 

BOWEL NOSODES & RELATED REMEDIES

MORGAN PURE                        SULPHUR

MORGAN GARTNER            LYCOPODIUM

PROTEUS                                    NAT-M.

MUTABILE                                    PULSATILLA

BACILLUS NO.7                        Brom. KALI-C. IOD.

GAERTNER                                    MERC. SIL. PHOS.

DYSentery CO.                        ARS.

SYCOTIC CO.                        THUJA

B. FAECALIS.                        SEPIA

 

Wann Würmer helfen

Die meiste Erfahrung hat die Arbeitsgruppe von Joel Weinberg am Tufts Medical Center in Boston in der Therapie von chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen.

Die Würmer sind vor allem an Patienten mit Morbus Crohn erprobt worden. Die ersten Studienergebnisse waren positiv und zeigten bei einem Großteil der Patienten verminderte Symptome. In Freiburg findet im Moment eine Studie mit 300 Patienten statt, um die Sicherheit der Therapie zu überprüfen, bevor sie weitläufig angewendet werden kann. Daneben untersucht Weinberg die Therapie mit Wurminfektionen bei der Darmentzündung Colitis Ulcerosa, bei Diabetes Typ 1, bei der Hautkrankheit Schuppenflechte und bei MS.

 

 

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