Darmnosoden Anhang 2
[S. Praveen Kumar]
Medicines prepared from cultures of non lactose fermenting bacterial
flora of the intestinal tract are called intestinal Bowel Nosodes.
They are not the morbid product of disease, but they are classified under nosodes.
B.coli in the intestinal tract perform
normal & useful function when the intestinal mucosa is healthy, but any
change in the host that affects the intestinal mucosa will affect the balance,
and change the biochemistry of B.coli. It should be
noted that the primary change i.e. the disease, originated in the host which
compels the bacilli to modify in order to survive.
The proving of bowel nosodes were not
conducted in the strict Hahnemannian sense, but on
clinical observation of the sick person.
1. Dr. Edward Bach (1886 – 1936)
A bacteriologist in London discovered that certain intestinal germs
belonging to non lactose fermenting gram negative coli, typhoid group, had a
close connection with chronic disease and its cure. These germs are present in
healthy and diseased individuals but in the latter case it is pathogenic. He
isolated the bacilli and prescribed it for the patient in the form of a vaccine
– an autogenous vaccine – and claimed to cure the
disease.
Years later he potentised the vaccine
according to the Homoeopathic principle, administered and cured so many
patients.
The first full preparation of clinical proving was done in 1929 by
Thomas Dishington on Dysentery co.
In 1930 Bach briefly summarized the clinically derived indication for
most of the nosodes.
In 1930 he stopped the research on Bowel nosodes
and discovered “Bach flower remedies”.
2. JOHN PATERSON (1890- 1955)
A co-worker of Bach concentrated on this research after 1929. He studied
more deeply the characteristics of the bowel flora, especially their behavior in health, disease and
in drug provings. He examined more than 20,000
stool specimens and conducted research over 20 years.
The balance of the bowel flora is disturbed in disease.
Similar changes are also observed in drug provings.
Paterson advocated specific
recommendation on potency, dose and repetition of bowel nosodes.
He related each bowel nosode to a group of Homoeopathic remedies.
Bach found out that the non
lactose fermenting gram -‘ve coli was closely
associated with the symptoms collectively called Psora
by Hahnemann.
Paterson believed that gram
negative diplococci were directly related to the sycotic miasm.
He grouped and typed the flora
by continuous experiment and observation. He was able to detect a definite
relationship between certain drugs and certain types of
bowel flora. When a particular
drug was administered in potencies the bowel flora was altered in a particular
way.
He divided the Morgan group of
bacteria into 2 sub classes on bacteriological basis and thus created nosodes – Morgan pure & Morgan gaertner.
In1933 Paterson presented a
paper on Sycotic co.
In 1950 he published summary
of his accumulated experience.
After his death in 1954, his
wife Elizabeth Paterson continued the research.
INDICATIONS FOR THE USE OF BOWEL NOSODES
During case taking, great attention should be given to the past as well
as the presenting complaint. Bowel nosodes are deep
acting remedies so the case taking must cover the totality of symptoms. The nosode should be administered in the same manner as any
Homoeopathic remedy, they should not be given empirically but only on
Homoeopathic principles.
Paterson divided the case in to 2 groups
New case – when the patient has not taken
Homoeopathic treatment.
Old case – a patient under Homoeopathic
treatment but not responding well.
NEW CASES:
1. In a new case where a definite symptom picture points to a remedy,
that remedy should be given, not the nosode.
2. In cases where the choice may be from a number of possible remedies, eg. Sulphur, Calcarea, Graphitis, and it is difficult to select a remedy from
this, Morgan pure can be considered to cover the totality of symptoms by
referring to the table of related remedies.
OLD CASES :
This is an individual who has had Homoeopathic treatment over a period
of time and received a considerable number of remedies in various potencies.
These are difficult cases, there is no available evidence from stool culture to
give a clue to the group of remedies likely to be useful, or indications as to
the phase in which the patient is at the moment.
In such cases, it should be remembered that the potentised
remedy can alter the bowel flora. In old cases the remedy already given may
have caused a positive phase of bowel flora, that is it changed the B.coli predominance to that of non lactose fermenting
bacilli.
If the percentage of non lactose fermenting bacteria in the stool is
greater than 50% the administration of bowel nosode
is contraindicated, the nosode given at that time
produces a negative phase with a corresponding period of vital depression in
the patient. In such cases use a nosode in 6c potency
in the first instance to avoid the chance
of violent negative reaction.
The choice of the nosode for any case may be
determined by a study of the clinical histories and noting down the remedies
which have given the greatest, although not sustained effect. Tabulate this
list of remedies and compare it with the nosode list
and associated remedies and choose the nosode which
has the greatest number within its group.
DOSE, POTENCY & REPETITION
As usual in Homoeopathy, the more obvious the mental picture, the higher
the potency, but lower the potency if marked pathological symptoms are present.
But between these two extremes use the 30th potency–when there is a combination
of acute and chronic state, for example, in chronic bronchopneumonia –
Proteus acts best in high
potency
Gartner will not work in low
potency
According to Paterson do not repeat a bowel nosode
within three months, instead prescribe the homeopathically
indicated similimum from the group of remedies
(previously given) related to the bowel nosode.
HOW BOWEL NOSODES WORK
After the administration of the suitable nosode,
the curative process begins, the non lactose fermenting bacteria begin to
mutate to other groups and ultimately disappear, these happenings occur
simultaneously with the disappearance of the symptom, reappearance of the old
symptoms and the efflorescence of the skin eruptions with ultimate clearing (Hering’s Law). This is associated with a marked increase in
the vitality of the patient.
The bacilli change with the patient. This mutation of the non lactose fermenting
bacteria back to normal coli has been demonstrated in the laboratory.
IMPORTANT BOWEL NOSODES
B.Morgan
(Bach)
Morgan pure (Paterson)
Morgan gaertner
(Paterson)
Dysntery
co. (Bach)
B.Proteus (Bach)
Gartner (Bach)
Sycotic
co. (Paterson)
Bacillus No.7 (Paterson)
B.Mutabile
(Bach)
B.Feacalis
(Bach)
Bacillus No.10 (Paterson)
Cocal
co
1. MORGAN (Bach)
A non lactose fermenting, most frequently found in stools and it has the
greatest number of associated remedies than other nosodes.
“Congestion” is the keynote
Biochemistry: Sulphur and Calcarea carb stand out the most
Frequently prescribed when there is repeated bronchopneumonia in
children
MIND: Introspective, avoid company but often show mental anxiety if left
alone
Depression with suicidal tendency
HEAD: Congestive headache with flushed face in hot climate, traveling etc.
Vertigo from high BP
GIT: Bilious attack with severe headache > by vomiting large quantity
of bile stained mucus (In Migraine & Menopause)
Cholecystitis, Gallstone, constipation, hemorrhoids etc.
RESP: Recurrent attack of bronchopneumonia in children
URINARY: Congestive pneumonia & menopausal flushing.
CIRCULATION: Tendency to varicose veins & hemorrhoids
in children due to congestion
Painful swelling of articulation of hand.
SKIN: Is the most important area of action Congestion of skin with
itching eruption Aggravation from heat, Papulopustular
eruption on face
Associated skin remedies are Sulphur, Graphites,
Petroleum & Psorinum
MORGAN PURE (Paterson)
Indicated when there is marked skin eruption, disturbance of liver,
bilious headache or gallstone.
MORGAN GAERTNER (Paterson )
[S. Praveen Kumar]
Gartner will not work in low
potency
Most useful in acute inflammatory conditions as in renal colic and
gallstone colic
Aggravation at 4-8 pm
Loss of hair in bunches
Noisy eructation with bad smell
Rectal prolapse
Thick brown corrosive bad smelling leucorrhoea
2. PROTEUS (Bach )
[S. Praveen Kumar]
Proteus acts best in high
potency
Key note: Suddenness in nearly all complaints
Always related to central and peripheral nervous system
Biochemistry: The outstanding element is chlorine
Mind:
Out burst of violence and temper especially if opposed.
Child lies on floor kick & screams
GIT: Duodenal ulcer due to prolonged mental strain (Nat. m )
Neuromuscular System:
Cramps of muscles (Cup)
Spasm of peripheral circulation resulting in intermittent
claudicating and dead fingers.
Highly recommended in Raynaud’s disease and
Miner’s disease.
Skin: Angioneurotic edema (Apis)
Marked sensitivity to UV light.
3. BACILLUS No.7 (Paterson)
Keynote: Mental & physical fatigue, old rheumatism
Biochemistry: Br & Iodine
Mind: Outstanding mental fatigue
Urinary Organs: Feeble urinary out flow, loss of sexual function,
premature senility
Respiratory Organs: Asthma, bronchial catarrh, tough mucus (Kali-c
)
Heart: Slow pulse rate with low BP
K+ as a specific action on cardiac muscle
Throbbing of capillary vessels of fingers
4. GARTNER (Bach)
Key note: Malnutrition
Biochemistry: Sil, Phos.
Fl. Merc-v.
Overactive brain with undernourished body
Chew nails, sleeps for a long time
GIT: Intestinal infantilism
Inability to digest fat- celiac disease. Chronic gastrocolitis,
tabes mesentrica, thread
worms
Gut: Presence of blood and mucus in urine
Profuse fetid leucorrhoea with prostration
5. DYSENTERY CO. (Bach)
Keynote: Anticipatory nervous tension
Mind: Anticipation
Hypersensitive to criticism
Shyness and uneasiness
GIT: Selective action on the pylorus causing spasm & retention of
digestive content Inflammation of nasal, ocular and pharyngeal mm
MARKED IMPROVEMENT IN CONGENITAL PYLORIC STENOSIS
Duodenal ulcer from nervous tension.
In proteus – nervous tension is insidious in
action, unperceived by the patient and the physical condition – the ulcer-
tends to come suddenly without warning.
CVS: Anticipatory discomfort in cardiac area.
6. SYCOTI CO. ( Paterson)
A PRE-TUBERCULAR REMEDY
Key note: Irritability with special reference to synovial & mucus
membrane
Mind: Temporary nervous irritability (Lyc) fear of dark, alone while
Head: Headache due to sinusitis, abundant
perspiration at night
Persistent headache in a child may be a feature of or prodromal sign of tubercular meningitis
Premature grayness
GIT: Chronic irritation of the whole alimentary tract (Med)
Urgent call to stool, as soon as rising from bed
Respiratory Organs: Acute, subacute
& chronic bronchial catarrh
Enlarged tonsils and adenoids in children
Fibrosity of the thoracic wall
Considered as a tubercular remedy
Circulation: Always an anemic
look
Painful swollen hands with pain in soles
Neuromuscular: Rheumatic complaint < in damp & rest (Rhus-t.)
Skin: Vesicular warts on an oily skin
Warts on mucocutaneous surface
Fibrotic indurations of skin
Urinary Organs: Nocturnal enuresis in children
Pyelonephritis, urethritis
and cystitis
Female Organs: Pain in Lt. Ovary during menses
Tubal infections, profuse leucorrhoea
7. MUTABILE (Bach)
It is named so because it mutates as soon as it is sub-cultured from a
non lactose to a lactose fermenter. It is an
intermediary form between B. coli and the true non lactose fermenting type.
Associated remedy: Pulsatilla
Used in the treatment where there is alternation of symptoms or
changeability
e.g. Skin eruptions alternate with asthma
Food allergy of all type
Albuminuria ( Foubister)
8. B. FAECALIS
Similar to sepia
Not well proved
9. BACILLUS No.10 ( Paterson )
Spongy gums
Cannot digest egg and fat
Greenish fish smelling leucorrhoea
Numerous flat warts on hands
Lipoma
10. COCAL CO. (Paterson)
In septic state
Not well proved
BOWEL NOSODES & RELATED REMEDIES
MORGAN PURE Sulphur
MORGAN GARTNER Lycopodium
PROTEUS Natrium muriaticum
MUTABILE Pulsatilla
BACILLUS NO.7 Br.
Kali-c. Iod.
GAERTNER Merc-v. Sil. Phos.
DYSENTERY CO. Ars.
SYCOTIC CO. Thuja
B. FAECALIS. Sepia
[Valerian Mendonca]
Bowel nosodes prepared using micro-organisms
from the gut have been used by homeopaths for over two centuries but have been
in the periphery as a prescription.
The therapeutic use of these nosodes has shown
positive effect on the symptoms of the mind, both at the intellectual and
emotional level and also on the symptoms of the digestive, circulatory,
respiratory and locomotor systems. Until now, the
role of bowel nosodes or how and why they influence
the health of an individual has been a matter
of conjecture.
With the path-breaking research findings on the human microbiota, especially the Human Microbiome
Project commissioned by NIH, the functioning of our digestive system and its
influence on our body and, more importantly, our mental health has come to the
forefront. It has moved mind-body research to mainstream and is finding
acceptance
in modern medicine, in a way aligning with homoeopathic philosophical
understanding of disease.
Psychoneuroendoimmunology (PNEI) is a discipline to study the
relationship between immunity, the endocrine system, and the central and
peripheral nervous systems and homoeopaths have been intrinsically applying it
much before PNEI axis was understood.
The study can now help better understand the role and importance of
bowel nosodes as an important adjuvant to
homoeopathic therapeutics. Homoeopathic remedies,
along with the bowel nosodes when juxtaposed
with the understanding of human microbiota, holds a
promise for wider and deeper therapeutic application.
This also opens up the need for research to further establish the remedy
relationship between homoeopathic remedies and the nosodes
in terms of complementary, following well, antagonistic, and antidotal aspects.
Human Gut Microbiota
Hippocrates, a Greek physician, in his writings said, “Let food be thy
medicine, and medicine be thy nourishment.” Only after the invention of the
microscope did we recognise the existence of microorganisms, and subsequently,
with the understanding of microbiology, did we learn that humans play a dual
role. When we eat, we not only feed our bodies but also the 100 trillion germs
that live on our skin, in our guts, and even up our noses.
Numerous of these microorganisms are commensal
and coexist peacefully with their human hosts. They essentially guarantee their
own survival in exchange for important services that are necessary for human
survival —quid pro quo. The number of microorganisms inhabiting the GI tract
has been estimated to exceed 1014, which encompasses approximately 10 times more
bacterial cells than the number of human cells.
Together, these microbes weigh between 1–2 kg, which is roughly the
weight of our brain. They function as an extra organ in our body and play a
huge role in our health
and warrant further research.
The majority of commensal microorganisms,
which are crucial to our health, and the pathogenic germs are constantly vying
to colonise our guts. The pathogenic
bacteria colonise an area when the soil conditions are favourable to them. The
body cannot profit from the diminished commensal
germs, and occasionally the neutral microbes can
also become errant. The body is then more vulnerable to illness.
Bowel Nosodes
In an era when Pasteur and Koch and others were producing exceptional
work in medical microbiology, including proposing the germ theory, which
eventually gained wide acceptance in the scientific community, we had the
French chemist Antoine Béchamp (1816–1908), who
argued that microbes became dangerous when the health of the host—its “terrain”
(soil) or environment—deteriorated. The Human Microbiome
Project now proves that Antoine Béchamp was right.
At the same time, when the germ theory debate was raging, Dr. Edward
Bach, a pathologist and bacteriologist, recognised a connection between gut
flora and health.
Dr Bach was intrigued after reading “The Organon
of Medicine” by Dr Sammuel Hahnemann. He was struck
by the similarity between the conventional vaccine theory and
the law of similars.
He decided to potentize the bacteria cultures
he had obtained from human bowels as per homoeopathic principles and administer
them to his patients. He had earlier used
these cultures in the form of conventional vaccines. After treating 500
cases over a period of 10 years, Dr. Bach reported 95% improvement with the use
of nosodes over
the conventional form of the vaccine. Dr. Bach published the first ever
paper on this concept in 1920.
The Bowel Nosodes are homoeopathically
attenuated cultures of non-lactose fermenting bacilli from the gut flora.
Essentially, we have twelve bowel nosodes that have
been used homoeopathically, they are:
B. Morgan (Bach), Morgan Pure (Paterson), Morgan Gaertner
(Paterson), B. Proteus, Sycotic Co, B. Gaertner, Dysentry Co, Bacillus
No.7, B. Mutabile, B. Faecalis,
Bacillus No.10 (Paterson), and Cocal Co.
Although, they have been named thus, in essence, they are compounds (made up of
subtypes) because pure cultures could not be isolated at the time.
Dr. John Paterson (1890-1955) and his wife Elizabeth continued Dr.
Bach’s work. Paterson presented his paper titled “The Role of Bowel Flora in
Chronic Disease” at the British Homoeopathic Congress, Glasgow (September
1948). Dr. Paterson studied and analysed almost 20,000 faecal samples over the
course of 20 years.
He came to the conclusion that a medical condition causes clear
alterations in the non-lactose fermenting non-pathogenic intestinal flora. He
observed that administration of
a bowel nosode led to the elimination of
non-lactose fermenting bacilli with a corresponding improvement in health.
He deemed this as a healthy or good prognosis. He also noted that the
removal of non-lactose fermenting bacilli in the faeces occurred even when
prescribed homoeopathic medicines based on the “rule of similars”. He came to the conclusion that homoeopathic
treatments also affect the flora of the gut.
He then established the empirical symptom-complex or “proving”
associated with each form of intestinal nosode by
correlating his observations with the clinical picture he created from the sick
person after administering homoeopathic treatments.
For instance, after receiving homoeopathic Sulphur or Calcarea, a patient will pass large amounts of B. Morgan in
their faeces. I.e., if a patient given homoeopathic Sulphur
or Calcarea, after the treatment, the patient
sheds many B. Morgan in their stool.
Importance of bowel nosodes in light of the
Human Microbiome Project
As a result of the Human Microbiome Project
proving a connection between the human microbiome’s
makeup and disease, the microbial composition is now employed as
a significant biomarker to identify numerous dyscrasias.
We now understand that alterations in the gut microbiota
have an impact on human physiology and metabolism, which can result in disease
states. Findings show that
diseases like diabetes, endocarditis, cancer,
autoimmune disorders, and preterm deliveries all have changed microbiota.
The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a bidirectional communication system that
connects the central and enteric nervous systems, connecting emotional and
cognitive centres of the brain with peripheral intestinal functions. Recent
research has described the importance of gut microbiota
in influencing these interactions. This interaction between microbiota
and GBA appears to be bidirectional, with signaling
from gut microbiota to brain and from brain to gut microbiota via the neural endocrine, immune, and humoural links.
As a result, these factors affect mental health such as neural
development, cognition, and behaviour can result in diseases like depression,
autism, schizophrenia, Alzheimer and Parkinson’s.
Encouraged by these findings, flora from one human to another is
introduced during a Fecal Microbiota
Transplant (FMT), which alters the recipient’s gut microbiota
directly in order to normalise its composition and provide therapeutic benefit.
FMT (transplant?) is risky, despite the fact that its short-term results
have been encouraging. In numerous instances, it has been found that a person has
inherited the
co-morbidities from a donor while also lessening the urgent situation
that required the transplant.
There have been reports of personality changes in FMT recipients (both
people and animals), some of which are undesirable trade-offs. Prospective
donors need to be thoroughly screened. The lengthy and onerous list of
inclusion and exclusion criteria for donors has a significant probability of
screening error.
To counteract the negative effects of FMT, the use of immunosuppressant
drugs will inevitably rise. The FMT experiment nevertheless illustrates how microbiota affect our neurological system, body, and mental
health.
Bowel nosodes have produced beneficial effects
in both pathology and the mental plane when utilised in accordance with the “rule
of similars” as it is stated in homoeopathy. Numerous
homoeopaths have applied and disseminated their clinical observations and
expertise over the years.
There is documentation of these cases, and the conclusions are supported
by facts. When combined with the results from the Microbiome
Project, this literature can be a great resource for examining the full
therapeutic potential of intestinal nosodes.
In his Materia Medica
of Nosodes, Dr. Paterson has listed the pathophysiological symptoms pointing to the use of a
specific nosode. Let us study a few of these nosodes and correlate the indications in the materia medica with modern
research.
Nosode Bacilli Morgan
The theme (keynote) for use by B. Morgan is ‘Congestion (Inflammation)’.
Congestion in the cranium, the digestive, respiratory, genito-urinary,
and circulatory systems, as well as in the fibrous tissues and skin, are common
in patients who require B. Morgan. These people frequently have suicidal
thoughts and are extremely anxious, afraid, and anxious and depressed when left
alone.
The Morgan Bacillus was first found in the dysenteric stools of
children. Later researchers discovered them in a variety of pathological
conditions, including chronic discharging wounds, fatal septicemia,
pyelitis, fatal cholecystitis,
and others.
One researcher discovered Morgan Bacillus in the intestinal tracts of
patients with mental disease, and he proposed that removing it from the bowel
could lead to improvements in both bodily health and mental condition.
Nosode Proteus
[Valerian Mendonca]
The nosode Proteus consists of bowel organisms
Proteus Vulgaris and Proteus Mirabilis. Materia Medica and repertory
indicates a lot of violence, rage, anger with sudden impulses along with fear
of being forsaken, agoraphobia, fear of the dark.
All these sensitivities indicate it usefulness in ADHD and Autism
Spectrum Disorders. Proteus Mirabilis has been isolated from urine and stool
samples of autistic children
and even in the stool culture of their parents. In one study, oral administration
of Proteus mirabilis was found to damage dopaminergic
neurons and motor functions in mice, inducing Parkinson disease.
Nosode E. Faecalis
Dr Paterson matrixed the symptom complex of
Bacilli Faecalis to just one homoeopathy remedy, and
that is Sepia. O.A. Julian lists prostration of the mind and irritability
to B. Faecalis, which is a typical Sepia
state. According to homoeopathic literature, B Faecalis
can be used to treat colitis, rectum and anus inflammation, dysentery
(intestinal inflammation and bloody diarrhea), and
allergies.
The principal site of action for this nosode
is the digestive system. If we look at the sphere of action of the remedy
Sepia, it involves the venous circulation with main action on the digestive
tract, portal system, female pelvic organs, nerves and skin. Not surprisingly
the most frequent nosocomial infection caused by the
gram-positive bacteria Enterococcus faecalis is urinary tract infection.
E. faecalis are the most resilient bacteria in
the root canal, able to survive even under the hardest conditions and
possessing a variety of virulence characteristics that contribute to their
efficacy as an infectious agent. In about 40% of instances of primary
endodontic infection and up to 77% of cases of persistent or secondary
endodontic infection,
E. faecalis is present.
They persist by forming a bio-film resistant to even the strongest
antibiotics or disinfectants. In an in vitro study, calcium hydroxide was used
as an intracanal medication to compare homoeopathic
treatments for root canal disinfection.
The results of the investigation showed that the homoeopathic drug Acid Benzoic
30c clearly inhibited the growth of E. faecalis in a
culture plate. As a lot of dental conditions are also met by Sepia in the materia medica, it would be
interesting to do a similar study using Faecalis nosode and its analog, Sepia.
In yet another experiment on mice, depressive-like behavior
and IBD-like pathology was induced by adding dextran
sulphate sodium (DSS) in drinking water. After seven days the mice showed
increased TNF-α and IL-6 expression in the rectum and hippocampus,
activated caspase-3 in the hippocampus, and impaired hippocampal
neurogenesis.
This was followed by the (Enterococcus faecalis) EF-2001 administration, which over 20 days was
able to undo these alterations. This study again establishes a correlation
between IBD and mental health (Gut-Brain Axis) and opens up the therapeutic
application of the homoeopathic nosode in similar
conditions.
Other Research Outcomes:
A study published in the Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy
reported positive results in treatment of cervical spondylosis.
Patients were administered bowel nosode selected on
the finding of their stool culture report. Nosode Sycotic Co. yielded the most favorable
results.
Scope for Future Research and Therapeutic Application of Bowel Nosodes
We now have research that supports the role of the microbiome
in the susceptibility to infectious disease, as well as many chronic diseases,
including mental health.
Aside from short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, recent research
indicates that the metabolites produced by the gut microbiota
also include neurotransmitters such as glutamate, GABA, serotonin, and
dopamine.
The role of gut dysbiosis in triggering
cytokine storms, as seen in COVID-19,
is also being investigated. The Centre for Translational Microbiome
Research (CTMR) in Sweden aims to better understand the contribution of the
human microbiome to physiology and pathophysiology with the goal to open opportunities for
development of novel therapies in the area of gastroenterology, reproductive
health, neonatology and cancer.
Given these findings, homoeopathic practitioners should become more
interested in using Bowel Nosodes as an adjuvant to
homoeopathic remedies. To assess the impact of bowel nosodes,
a stool culture report should be one of the important pathological findings
requested by the physician.
A global registry of all cases treated with bowel nosodes
and homoeopathic remedies will aid in understanding the therapeutic range. As
our understanding of microbiota grows, there will
arise a need for more specific bowel nosodes to be
developed and used.
[S. Praveen Kumar]
Medicines prepared from cultures of non lactose fermenting bacterial
flora of the intestinal tract are called intestinal Bowel Nosodes.
They are not the morbid product
of disease, but they are classified under nosodes.
B.coli in the intestinal tract perform normal &
useful function when the intestinal mucosa is healthy, but any change in
the host that affects the intestinal mucosa will affect the balance, and
change the biochemistry of B.coli. It should be noted
that the primary change i.e. the disease, originated in the host which compels
the bacilli to modify in order to survive. The proving of bowel nosodes were not conducted in the strict Hahnemannian sense, but on clinical observation of the sick
person.
1. Dr. Edward Bach (1886 – 1936) A bacteriologist in London discovered
that certain intestinal germs belonging to non lactose fermenting gram negative
coli, typhoid group, had a close connection with chronic disease and its cure.
These germs are present in healthy and diseased individuals but in the latter
case it is pathogenic.
He isolated the bacilli and prescribed it for the patient in the form of
a vaccine – an autogenous vaccine – and claimed to
cure the disease. Years later he potentised the
vaccine according to the Homoeopathic principle, administered and cured so many
patients.
Thomas Dishington: did the first full clinical
proving was in 1929 by on Dysentery co. In 1930 Bach briefly summarized the
clinically derived indication for most of the nosodes.
In 1930 he stopped the research.
The proving of bowel nosodes were not
conducted in the strict Hahnemannian sense, but on
clinical observation of the sick person.
Medicines prepared from cultures of non lactose fermenting bacterial
flora of the intestinal tract are called intestinal Bowel Nosodes.
They are not the morbid product of disease, but they are classified under nosodes.
B. coli in the intestinal tract perform a normal, useful function when
the intestinal mucosa is healthy, but any change in the host that affects the
intestinal mucosa will affect the balance, and change the biochemistry of B.
coli. It should be noted that the primary change i.e. the disease, originated
in the host which compels the bacilli to modify in order to survive.
1. Dr. Edward Bach (1886 – 1936)
A bacteriologist in London discovered that certain intestinal germs
belonging to non lactose fermenting gram negative coli, typhoid group, had a
close connection with chronic disease and its cure. These germs are present in
healthy and diseased individuals but in the latter case it is pathogenic. He
isolated the bacilli and prescribed it for the patient in the form of a vaccine
– an autogenous vaccine – and claimed to cure the
disease.
Years later he potentised the vaccine
according to the Homoeopathic principle, administered and cured so many
patients. The first full preparation of clinical proving was done in 1929 by
Thomas Dishington on Dysentery co.
In 1930 Bach briefly summarized the clinically derived indication for
most of the nosodes.
In 1930 he stopped the research on Bowel nosodes
and discovered “Bach flower remedies”.
2. JOHN PATERSON (1890- 1955)
A co-worker of Bach concentrated on this research after 1929. He studied
more deeply the characteristics of the bowel flora (their behavior
in health, disease and in drug provings). He examined
more than 20.000 stool specimens and conducted research over 20 years.
He came to the following conclusions: The non lactose fermenting non
pathogenic bowel flora (B.coli) undergoes definite
changes in the disease condition. While this alternation in the nature of bowel
flora might be a mere concomittant to the disease
condition, there is reason to believe that the B.coli
actually turns pathogenic.
The balance of the bowel flora is disturbed in disease.
Similar changes are also observed in drug provings.
Paterson advocated specific
recommendation on potency, dose and repetition of bowel nosodes.
He related each bowel nosode to a group of Homoeopathic remedies.
Bach found out that the non
lactose fermenting gram -’ve coli was closely
associated with the symptoms collectively called Psora
by Hahnemann.
Paterson believed that gram
negative diplococci were directly related to the sycotic miasm.
He grouped and typed the flora
by continuous experiment and observation. He was able to detect a definite
relationship between certain drugs and certain
types of bowel flora.
When a particular drug was administered in potencies the bowel flora was
altered in a particular way.
He divided the Morgan group of
bacteria into 2 sub classes on bacteriological basis and thus created nosodes – Morgan pure and Morgan gaertner.
In1933 Paterson presented a
paper on Sycotic co.
In 1950 he published summary
of his accumulated experience.
After his death in 1954, his
wife Elizabeth Paterson continued the research.
INDICATIONS FOR THE USE OF BOWEL NOSODES
During case taking, great attention should be given to the past as well
as the presenting complaint. Bowel nosodes are deep
acting remedies so the case taking must cover the totality of symptoms. The nosode should be administered in the same manner as any
Homoeopathic remedy, they should not be given empirically but only on
Homoeopathic principles.
Paterson divided the case in to 2 groups
New case – when the patient has not taken Homoeopathic treatment.
Old case – a patient under Homoeopathic treatment but not responding
well.
NEW CASES :
1. In a new case where a definite symptom picture points to a remedy,
that remedy should be given, not the nosode.
2. In cases where the choice may be from a number of possible remedies, eg. Sulphur, Calcarea, Graphitis, and it is difficult to select a remedy from
this, Morgan pure can be considered to cover the totality of symptoms by
referring to the table of related remedies.
OLD CASES :
This is an individual who has had Homoeopathic treatment over a period
of time and received a considerable number of remedies in various potencies.
These are difficult cases, there is no available evidence from stool culture to
give a clue to the group of remedies likely to be useful, or indications as to
the phase in which the patient is at the moment.
In such cases, it should be remembered that the potentised
remedy can alter the bowel flora. In old cases the remedy already given may
have caused a positive phase of bowel flora, that is it changed the B.coli predominance to that of non lactose fermenting
bacilli.
If the percentage of non lactose fermenting bacteria in the stool is
greater than 50% the administration of bowel nosode
is contraindicated, the nosode given at that time
produces a negative phase with a corresponding period of vital depression in
the patient. In such cases use a nosode in 6c potency
in the first instance to avoid the chance of violent negative reaction.
The choice of the nosode for any case may be
determined by a study of the clinical histories and noting down the remedies
which have given the greatest, although not sustained effect. Tabulate this
list of remedies and compare it with the nosode list
and associated remedies and choose the nosode which
has the greatest number within its group.
DOSE, POTENCY & REPETITION
As usual in Homoeopathy, the more obvious the mental picture, the higher
the potency, but lower the potency if marked pathological symptoms are present.
But between these two extremes use the 30th potency, when there is a
combination of acute and chronic state, for example, in chronic
bronchopneumonia -
Proteus acts best in high
potency
Gartner will not work in low
potency
According to Paterson do not repeat a bowel nosode
within three months, instead prescribe the homeopathically
indicated similimum from the group of remedies
(previously given) related to the bowel nosode.
HOW BOWEL NOSODES WORK
After the administration of the suitable nosode,
the curative process begins, the non lactose fermenting bacteria begin to
mutate to other groups and ultimately disappear, these happenings occur
simultaneously with the disappearance of the symptom, reappearance of the old
symptoms and the efflorescence of the skin eruptions with ultimate clearing (Hering’s Law). This is associated with a marked increase in
the vitality of the patient.
The bacilli change with the patient. This mutation of the non lactose
fermenting bacteria back to normal coli has been demonstrated in the
laboratory.
IMPORTANT BOWEL NOSODES
B. Morgan (Bach)
Morgan pure (Paterson)
Morgan gaertner
(Paterson)
Dysntery co. (Bach)
B.Proteus (Bach)
Gartner (Bach)
Sycotic co. (Paterson)
Bacillus No.7 (Paterson)
B.Mutabile
(Bach)
B.Feacalis
(Bach)
Bacillus No.10 (Paterson)
Cocal
co
1. MORGAN (Bach)
A non lactose fermenting, most frequently found in stools and it has the
greatest number of associated remedies than other nosodes.
“Congestion” is the keynote
Biochemistry: Sulphur and Calcarea carb stand out the most
Frequently prescribed when there is repeated bronchopneumonia in
children
MIND: Introspective, avoid company but often show mental anxiety if left
alone
Depression with suicidal tendency
HEAD: Congestive headache with flushed face in hot climate, traveling etc.
Vertigo from high BP
GIT: Bilious attack with severe headache > by vomiting large quantity
of bile stained mucus ( In Migrane & Menopause)
Cholecystitis, Gallstone, constipation, hemorrhoids etc.
RESP: Recurrent attack of bronchopneumonia in children
URINARY: Congestive pneumonia & menopausal flushing.
CIRCULATION: Tendency to varicose veins & hemorrhoids
in children due to congestion
Painful swelling of articulation of hand.
SKIN: Is the most important area of action Congestion of skin with
itching eruption Aggravation from heat, Papulopustular
eruption on face
Associated skin remedies are Sulphur, Graphites,
Petroleum & Psorinum
MORGAN PURE (Paterson)
Indicated when there is marked skin eruption, disturbance of liver,
bilious headache or gallstone.
MORGAN GAERTNER (Paterson )
Most useful in acute inflammatory conditions as in renal colic and
gallstone colic
Aggravation at 4-8 pm
Loss of hair in bunches
Noisy eructation with bad smell
Rectal prolapse
Thick brown corrosive bad smelling leucorrhoea
2. PROTEUS (Bach )
Key note: Suddenness in nearly all complaints
Always related to central and peripheral nervous system
Biochemistry: The outstanding element is chlorine
MIND:
Out burst of violence and temper especially if opposed.
Child lies on floor kick & screams
GIT: Duodenal ulcer due to prolonged mental strain (Nat. m )
NEUROMUSCULAR SYSTEM:
Cramps of muscles (Cup)
Spasm of peripheral circulation resulting in intermittent
claudicating and dead fingers.
Highly recommended in Raynaud’s disease and
Miner’s disease.
SKIN: Angioneurotic edema
(Apis)
Marked sensitivity to UV light.
3. BACILLUS No.7 (Paterson)
Keynote: Mental & physical fatigue, old rheumatism
Biochemistry: Br & Iodine
MIND: Outstanding mental fatigue
URINARY: Feeble urinary out flow, loss of sexual function, premature
senility
RESP: Asthma, bronchial catarrh, tough mucus (Kali.c
)
HEART: Slow pulse rate with low BP
K+ as a specific action on cardiac muscle
Throbbing of capillary vessels of fingers
4. GARTNER (Bach)
Key note: Malnutrition
Biochemistry: Sil, P, Fl, Merc-viv
Overactive brain with undernourished body
Chew nails, sleep for a long time
GIT: Intestinal infantilism
Inability to digest fat- celiac disease. Chronic gastrocolitis,
tabes mesentrica, thread
worms
GUT: Presence of blood and mucus in urine
Profuse fetid leucorrhoea with prostration
5. DYSENTERY CO. (Bach)
Keynote: Anticipatory nervous tension
MIND: Anticipation
Hypersensitive to criticism
Shyness and uneasiness
GIT: Selective action on the pylorus causing spasm & retention of
digestive content Inflammation of nasal, ocular and pharyngeal mm
MARKED IMPROVEMENT IN CONGENITAL PYLORIC STENOSIS
Duodenal ulcer from nervous tension.
In proteus – nervous tension is insidious in
action, unperceived by the patient and the physical condition – the ulcer-
tends to come suddenly with out warning.
CVS: Anticipatory discomfort in cardiac area.
6. SYCOTI CO. ( Paterson)
A PRE-TUBERCULAR REMEDY
Key note: Irritability with special reference to synovial & mucus
membrane
Mind: Temporary nervous irritability (Lyc)
fear of dark, alone while
HEAD: Headache due to sinusitis, abundant perspiration at night
Persistent headache in a child may be a feature of or prodromal sign of tubercular meningitis
Premature grayness
GIT: Chronic irritation of the whole alimentary tract (Med)
Urgent call to stool, as soon as rising from bed
RESP: Acute, subacute & chronic bronchial
catarrh
Enlarged tonsils and adenoids in children
Fibrosity of the thoracic wall
Considered as a tubercular remedy
CIRCULATION: Always an anemic look
Painful swollen hands with pain in soles
NEUROMUSCULAR: Rheumatic complaint < in damp & rest (Rhus)
SKIN: Vesicular warts on an oily skin
Warts on mucocutaneous surface
Fibrotic indurations of skin
URINARY: Nocturnal enuresis in children
Pyelonephritis, urethritis
and cystitis
FEMALE: Pain in Lt. Ovary during menses
Tubal infections, profuse leucorrhoea
7. MUTABILE (Bach)
It is named so because it mutates as soon as it is sub-cultured from a
non lactose to a lactose fermenter. It is an
intermediary form between B.coli and the true non
lactose fermenting type.
Associated remedy is Pulsatilla
Used in the treatment where there is alternation of symptoms or
changeability e.g. Skin eruptions # asthma
Food allergy of all type
Albuminuria ( Foubister)
8. B. FAECALIS
Similar to sepia
Not well proved
9. BACILLUS No.10 ( Paterson )
Spongy gums
Cannot digest egg and fat
Greenish fish smelling leucorrhoea
Numerous flat warts on hands
Lipoma
10. COCAL CO. (Paterson)
In septic state
Not well proved
BOWEL NOSODES & RELATED REMEDIES
MORGAN PURE SULPHUR
MORGAN GARTNER LYCOPODIUM
PROTEUS NAT-M.
MUTABILE PULSATILLA
BACILLUS NO.7 Brom.
KALI-C. IOD.
GAERTNER MERC.
SIL. PHOS.
DYSentery CO. ARS.
SYCOTIC CO. THUJA
B. FAECALIS. SEPIA
Wann Würmer helfen
Die meiste Erfahrung hat die Arbeitsgruppe von Joel Weinberg am Tufts Medical Center in Boston in der Therapie von chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen.
Die Würmer sind vor allem an Patienten mit Morbus Crohn erprobt worden. Die ersten Studienergebnisse waren positiv und zeigten bei einem Großteil der Patienten verminderte Symptome. In Freiburg findet im Moment eine Studie mit 300 Patienten statt, um die Sicherheit der Therapie zu überprüfen, bevor sie weitläufig angewendet werden kann. Daneben untersucht Weinberg die Therapie mit Wurminfektionen bei der Darmentzündung Colitis Ulcerosa, bei Diabetes Typ 1, bei der Hautkrankheit Schuppenflechte und bei MS.
Vorwort/Suchen Zeichen/Abkürzungen Impressum