Malus communis Anhang

https://openscholar.dut.ac.za/bitstream/10321/3063/1/MOONSAMY_2016.pdf

[Brenton Ricardo Moonsamy]

It is generally believed that the edible apple originated in central Asia. There are many other wild species of Malus, and it is generally assumed that Malus

domestica evolved from chance hybridization among these wild species. The seeds of these early fruits would likely have been spread by birds and animals.

They therefore selectively spread seeds from better tasting fruit, aiding the evolution of these features. Historians have documented the presence of apples

as early as 6500 B.C. when the remains of apples were found among excavationist Jericho in the Jordan valley.

The common domesticated apple is an interspecific mixed compound and usually designated Malus x domestica Borkhor or M. domestica Borkhor.

Malus domestica is grown in most parts of the world especially in areas of high altitudes in various continents. It is only not grown in Antarctica.

The exact origin of this species remains unknown. It was believed to have originated as a compound derived from M. sieversii.

M. sieversii is found in the mountains of central Asia, the forests are abundantly dense of this species of apple. Individual trees that resemble M. domestica

are found in the forests where M. seiversii is cultivated (Phipps et al. 1990: 303-332).

2.6.2.3.1

The proving substance was prepared from Malus domestica, cultivar ‘Golden Delicious’, sourced from a wild tree located on the Cobham Nature Reserve in the

KwaZulu-Natal Midlands.

2.6.2.4

Apples and phytochemicals

Flavonoids as well as a variety of other phytochemicals are contained in apples.

Some of the most well studied antioxidant compounds in apples include quercetin-3-galactoside, catechin, and epicatechin. Recently researchers have examined the

average concentrations of the major phenolic compounds in six cultivars of apples.

The findings show that the amount of flavonoids found in apples is high (Boyer and Lui, 2004:1-3).

2.6.2.4.1

Epidemiological evidence of cancer fighting benefits of apples

Numerous studies have specifically linked apple consumption with a reduced risk for cancer (lung cancer).

A study of 77 283 women in the Nurses' Health Study and 47 778 men in the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study found an association between fruit and vegetable

intake and a considerably reduced lung cancer risk in women only (Feskanich et al. 2000:1812-1823).

2.6.2.4.2

Cardiovascular disease

A reduced risk of cardiovascular disease has been associated with apple consumption. The Women's Health Study surveyed nearly 40,000 women with

a 6 to 9 month follow-up, and examined the association between flavonoids and cardiovascular disease. Women ingesting the highest amounts of flavonoids had a

35% reduction in risk of cardiovascular events. Flavonoid intake was not associated with risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, or cardiovascular disease death.

Quercetin did not have any association with cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction or stroke. Both apple intake and broccoli intake were

associated with reductions in the risk of both cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular events. Women ingesting apples had a 13-22% decrease in cardiovascular disease

risk (Arts et al. 2001: 668-675).

2.6.2.4.3

Asthma and pulmonary function

Specific antioxidants, such as vitamin E, vitamin C, retinol, and β-carotene, were not associated with asthma or bronchial hypersensitivity. Previously it had been found

that apple intake, as well as selenium intake, was associated with less asthma in adults in the United Kingdom.

This study surveyed nearly 600 individuals with asthma and 900 individuals without asthma about their diet and lifestyle. Total fruit and vegetable intake was weakly associated with asthma, and apple intake showed a stronger inverse relationship with asthma (Shaheen et al. 2001: 1823-1828).

2.6.2.4.4

Diabetes and weight loss

Apple consumption may also be associated with a lower risk for diabetes.

In a previous Finnish study of 10,000 people, a reduced risk of Type II diabetes was associated with apple consumption.

Higher quercetin intake, a major component of apple peels, was also associated with a decreased risk in Type II diabetes. Myrectin and berry intake were also associated

with a decreased risk in Type II diabetes, but onion,orange, grapefruit and white cabbage intake were not associated with a lowered risk (de Oliviera, Sichiera and Moura

2003: 253-256).

2.6.2.4.5

Cholesterol-lowering effects

Some of the apple's protective effect against cardiovascular disease may come from its potential cholesterol-lowering ability. Aprikian et al. (2001) found that when rats were

fed cholesterol and supplemented with lyophilized apples; there was a significant drop in plasma cholesterol and liver cholesterol and an increase in high-density

lipoproteins (HDL) (Sertoki et al. 2009: 8, 39).

To summarize, studies show that a diet high in fruits and vegetables may decrease the risk of chronic diseases, as mentioned above.

Apples contain phytochemicals including phenolics, flavonoids and carotenoids which may play a key role in reducing chronic disease risk. In the laboratory, apples have been found to have very strong antioxidant activity which can have the following effects on diseased states: inhibit cancer cell proliferation, lower cholesterol- and decrease lipid

oxidation, Apples contain many phytochemicals, including quercetin, catechin, phloridzin and chlorogenic acid, all of which are strong antioxidants as well.

The viable symptoms were compared with remedies of similar symptomatology.

3.9.3

Comparison to remedies of repertorial similarity

Table 2: Rubrics chosen for the repertorisation

Mind - persecuted he is persecuted

Mind separated - body mind are separated

Mind tranquility

lightness sensation of

pain pulsating

Face shiny oily

Rectum diarrhea morning

Extremities cramps legs calves

Extremities separated sensation leg body, as if separated from his

Generals food and drink tea desire

Repertory:

MIND: COUNTRYSIDE - desire for

DELUSIONS: she is not appreciated/is a criminal/faces, sees (diabolical faces crowd upon him/distorted/is friendless/God (communicating with God/he is the objects

of Gods vengeance)/ separated from body/is misunderstood/is neglected/is persecuted/limbs separated from the body/feet are separated from the body/mind and body

are separated/body and soul are separated/spirit had separated from body/toes separated from feet/has been accused of robbing

DOUBTFUL – love relationship; of his integrity

DRUGS – desires cocaine

FIGHTS, wants

FORSAKEN feeling - isolation; sensation

GENEROUS; too

GUILTY “As if”

IDEAS - abundant

INDIFFERENCE

INJUSTICE, cannot support

INSECURITY; mental

IRRESOLUTE

IRRITABLE

LOVE - romantic love; desire for

MEMORY loss of memory about his past

MENTAL POWER - increased

MUSIC >

PLANS - making many plans - realize them; but don’t

PLAYFUL

PRAYING

PROSTRATION

RELIGIOUS AFFECTIONS - want of religious feeling

SADNESS

SENSES – acute

SENTIMENTAL

TENSION, mental

THOUGHTS – of family/of partner

TRANQUILITY (= calmness/serenity)

VOYEURISM

WILDERNESS

VERTIGO:

Head: LIGHTNESS

PAIN – <(<(<( viele )>)>)>

PERSPIRATION – hot of scalp on forehead (morning)

WEAKNESS

EYES: LACHRYMATION – left/+ pain (aching/burning)

VISION: sees STARS during ache

NOSE: CONGESTION (sinusitis)

CORYZA (cough)

FACE: BLOCKED sinuses

DISCOLORATION – white, after shaving

ITCHING – eyebrows (l./sides/lower jaw l.)

OBSTRUCTION – sinuses

PAIN – burning (around l. eyebrow/l. side/l. jaw/piercing (l. side)/stitching

SHINY - oily

MOUTH: DRYNESS morning on waking

“As if ENLARGED” (tongue)

HAIR; sensation of a – on root of tongue

TASTE - fatty, greasy

THICK “As if tongue thick”

THROAT: “As if a ball in throat”

ITCHING [> drinking (warm) water]

LUMP “As if a ball (ball) in throat” sensation of a ball > drinking water

“As if swollen”

NECK: CRACKING noise (in atlanto-occipital joints)

PAIN – r./< turning

STOMACH: CARDIALGIA

DISTENSION + eructation’s

ERUCTATIONS excessive

HEARTBURN

PAIN - >/< after eating/in epigastrium

THIRST extreme

ABDOMEN: COMPLAINTS + pain lumbar region

DISTENSION > after eating/”As if distended”/> drinking warm water

EMPTINESS < after stool

PAIN [aching/cramping/during diarrhea/in hypogastrium/flanks/sore (= bruised, tenderness, etc)/twisting pain]

RECTUM: CONSTIPATION (< after eating aggravates)

DIARRHEA (morning after rising immediately)

HEMORRHAGE FROM ANUS < after stool

ITCHING

PAIN – sore/stitching (“As from needles)

STOOL: COPIOUS/FREQUENT (morning)

LOOSE

ODOR – cadaverous/carrion like/putrid

RISING < after

WATERY (morning)

BLADDER: URINATION frequent

URINE: BURNING (+ pain in back)

COLOR – dark yellow

COLORLESS

HOT

MALE GENITALIA: SEXUAL DESIRE wanting

RESPIRATION: DEEP, anxiety, during

COUGH: DRY

During INFLUENZA

LOOSE

NOON 12 – 13 h.

WET cough

EXPECTORATION: YELLOW (greenish)

CHEST: CARDIALGIA

CONSTRICTION (afternoon/at night/< during cough)

FORMICATION (< respiration)

PAIN – l./burning/> motion/< during cough/dull/< laughing/sternum in evening

Palpitation [of heart (with anxiety)]

TIGHTNESS

BACK: PAIN - + sleeplessness/+ urine burning/burning/in cervical region/burning/ext. cervical region (l.)/cutting/cervical region/in nape of neck/in dorsal region/

(upper part)/l. cutting/lumbar region (+ abdomen complaints/lower limbs complaints/< bending/flanks/during urination/urine passing)

STIFFNESS

LIMBS: CRAMPS of legs . morning [feet (ext. legs/ext. calves/calves (> stretching/< walking)]

ITCHING – elbows l./knees/legs/lower limbs/feet/shoulders burning (l.)

NUMBNESS – feet/legs/lower limbs

PAIN – in ext. calves/in soles of feet burning (> cold water)/in fingers (shooting/< pressure/fingers pulsating/legs (cramping/> stretching)/in shoulders burning/in thighs shooting downward/upper limbs l. (sharp)

PERSPIRATION – palm of HAND

> RUBBING lower limbs

“Feet feel separated” from lower limbs/“As if separated from his body”

> STRETCHING OUT of lower limbs

WARM applications >

WEAKNESS (in afternoon 12 – 15 h.)/in lower limbs

SLEEP: REFRESHING/RESTLESS (with pain)

SLEEPINESS (during morning)

SLEEPLESSNESS (causeless/from pain in/from activity of thoughts)

UNREFRESHING (morning on waking)

WAKING - too early/frequent/every hour/with desire to urinate

DREAMS: BANQUET/BEACH/CAMPING/CHILDREN (in danger/requested to help unescorted)/COUNTRY foreign/Commiting a crime/DANGER/DEAD of relatives

(talking with dead relatives)/DISORGANIZED/EATING/EVENTS daily/FALLING in space/own FAMILY/FATHER/FLOWERS/FOOD/FOREIGN COUNTRY/

Being a FOREIGNER/Meeting friends/GARDENS (rose)/being HELPED by strangers/HELPING people/MOTHER (had accident in a car)/PARTIES/PATIENTS/

PICNICS/PLAYING in rain/SICK PEOPLE/SISTER falling into a pit/STRANGERS/TALKING (to ones friend; about God and death/with loved ones)/TEACHING/

TURTLES

UNREMEMBERED

FEVER: AFTERNOON (13 - 18h)

Heat in general

PERSPIRATION: during anxiety/cold on waking/HOT/PROFUSE (< exertion)

SKIN: BURNING

DRY

ITCHING (noon – 12 h./burning/without eruptions)

OILY

SOFT feeling

WAX

GENERALS: ENDURANCE increased

Excess of energy

Lack of energy

FOOD AND DRINKS:

Desires: chocolate/(barbecued) meat/sweet drinks/sweets/(hot) tea/hot drinks;

HEAVINESS

INFLUENZA (“As if beginning”)

Left side,

ITCHING skin

LASSITUDE

PAIN – aching/cutting/sharp/sore (=bruised)

SICK FEELING; vague

SIDE l.

One sided

SLUGGISHNESS of the body

STRENGTH sensation of

VIGOR

WEAKNESS (# sensation of strength/> eating)

WEARINESS

The data obtained from the proving of Malus domestica 30CH presented a total of 264 rubrics. Most of these rubrics were located in the section (70), dream

section (38), extremities section (47), and section (30).

4.5

RESULTS OF REPERTORISATION of PROVING SYMPTOMS of MALUS DOMESTICA

The repertorisation of the ten rubrics chosen to represent the core of Malus domestica 30CH produced the following remedies present in the highest number of

rubrics and yielding the highest numerical value.

The rubrics below were chosen to represent the essence of the remedy.

Concentration/ clarity of

A prover felt clarity of and concentration levels were really good

Another prover felt that everything felt clearer and their focus was so much better

The first prover mentioned earlier under this ing, could study for long hours and their concentration levels were very good

Different types of relationships affected or were highlighted during this proving. One prover was affected by his girlfriend. He also had many other

relationships affected.

- persecuted he is persecuted

Depression sadness/Irritation

Depression and sadness was not a major occurrence however a prover did feel sad and misunderstood

Provers did feel irritated at times, one prover felt irritated in the morning but playing with his daughters made it better

The same was felt by another prover but he felt better when talking to a friend

Another prover had a very irritated day and strong emotions were shown to everyone around the prover felt like a king and felt amped at the end of the day

separated - body are separated

tranquility

lightness sensation of

A prover felt that his was feeling light and different

pain pulsating

Face shiny oily

Rectum diarrhea morning

Extremities cramps legs calves

Extremities separated sensation leg as if separated from his body

Desires tea

[Brenton Ricardo Moonsamy]

The top five remedies that emerged were Nat-m. Chin. Puls. Rhus-t. and Lyssin.

Vorwort/Suchen Zeichen/Abkürzungen Impressum