Oxyuranus scutellatus (Oxy-sc) = Taipan
Vergleich: Siehe: Schlangen
allgemein
[Farokh Master]
The most venomous snakes in the world in terms of venom toxicity reside in
Australia. The most dangerous venom in the world is that of the Inland Taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus). This is an Australian elapid.
The next four most toxic venomous snakes in the world are also from
Australia. They are:
1) Pseudonaja Textilis (Common brown snake).
2) Taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus).
3) Notechis Scutatus (Tiger snake).
4) Notechis Aterniger (Island tiger snake).
The venom of seasnake is next on the highly
toxic list. However, if you look at both - venom toxicity and amount of venom produced,
the Inland Taipan is the most dangerous snake in the
world.
I was first introduced to this venom by Mr. Tony Pinkus
of M/s Ainsworth Pharmacy, London. He has been my mentor and has introduced me
to many venomous substances including nosodes.
In the year 1997, he gave me a 12 C potency of Taipan
(Oxyuranus scutellatus).
He asked me to use it to treat certain conditions, purely on the principle of Isopathy. The following are the conditions:
Blurred vision.
Diplopia.
Hemorrhage.
Paralysis of eyelids.
Septicemia.
Trembling.
These were in fact, the symptoms of poisoning after the bite. I got my
first chance to use Taipan in a case where there was
a furuncle on the right shin of tibia in a diabetic patient which was extremely
tender, angry looking and without any opening. Within 24 hours the furuncle
became dark brown and patient had high fever with chills and scanty urine. I
prescribed Taipan
– 30 C and slowly I could see improvement in his furuncle, fever and
urination. Within 7 days the furuncle disappeared completely. After this
initial experience, I had success in using Taipan as
a complementary remedy when Pyrogen was indicated.
Purely on the principle of Isopathy, I used Taipan from the year 1995 – 2004 without trying to prove
the medicine as I was busy during the above period proving other snake remedies
and hence, Taipan took a back seat.
During the year 2005, I was completely occupied with editing my book on
snake remedies which again delayed the proving till early June 2005. Finally I
selected the best of the provers namely
1) Dr. Binal Shah
2) Dr. Fatema Slatewala
3) Dr. Nilofar Ghansar
4) Dr. Riddhi Maru
5) Dr. Zubin Dehmeri
6) Mr. Abbas Slatewala
The Coastal Taipan is regarded as the world's
most dangerous and poisonous snake, a claim that will surely be questioned by
those who have a close affinity with Mambas and Cobras. A combination of a very
effective venom apparatus (the longest fangs of any Australian Snake), venom
toxicity, venom yield, strength and agility, aggression when provoked and the
tendency for inflicting multiple bites are factors which this claim.
DISTRIBUTION:
There are two species of taipan, Oxyuranus scutellatus (the
coastal taipan) which is the more common one and is
found in the far North, in Queensland, Northern Territory and Western Australia
where winter temperatures are above 18º C. The second species is Oxyuranus microlepidotus (the
inland taipan), which lives in a very remote part of
Australia, is rarely seen and very little is known about it.
Taipan is the largest Australian elapid
snake and rarely seen in the wild. It is mainly found in the hot, Northern part
of Australia.
DESCRIPTION:
The head of the taipan is pale creamy in color. The back, upper sides and tail may be yellowish,
reddish brown, dark or light brown, blackish brown, copper or olive in colour
and which merges gradually into the noticeably paler lower sides. Juveniles and
some adults have indistinctly dark-blotched scales (the sides). The dorsal
scales are slightly keeled (on the neck). The large, long head is quite
distinct from the slender neck and forebody and is
noticeably paler than the body. In younger snakes, the eye is relatively large
with a blackish-brown iris and a wide brownish-orange rim around the pupil. In
older snakes, the eye is usually more darker and narrower.
BEHAVIOUR:
The taipan has an excellent sense of smell. It
also has excellent eyesight. It quickly moves in on its prey, strikes fast,
draws back and waits for the poison to work. As soon as the poison has worked,
the snake eats the prey. The taipan is a stealthy
hunter and its bite is extremely fast and accurate. The Taipan
is active till midmorning. At times, when the weather is cooler, it extends its
activity till late afternoon. During hot weather, it is nocturnal.
HABITAT:
The Taipan takes shelter in abandoned animal
burrows (under roots and fallen timber). They also take shelter in hollow logs
and rotted, fallen trunks and in deep leaf litter piled at the base of large
trees.
VENOM AND SNAKE BITES:
Taipans are the most intelligent, nervous
and alert of all the Australian venomous snakes. They generally stay away from
humans and other larger predators and they escape or take shelter before being
noticed in order to avoid confrontation. But when cornered, aroused or
threatened, the taipan will defend itself fiercely by
delivering one or more
fast 'jab bites' as soon as the offender is within range. It is known
for the accuracy, speed and effectiveness with which it bites, and the bite is
potentially fatal. Taipan venom is highly neurotoxic and the bite affects the nervous system very
severely. Symptoms include vomiting, flaccid paralysis and eventual respiratory
paralysis. While the myotoxic and procoagulative
proteins are present to a lesser degree, they still play a role in the bite
pathology. These bites are treated with taipan antivenom.
DIET:
Their prefered food is rats, thus, the taipans are often found in the Queensland cane fields where
rats are plentiful.
The Taipan usually preys on small and
medium-sized rodents such as mice and rats, lizards, bandicoots, other small
animals, small marsupials and also birds.
REPRODUCTION:
Taipans are long snakes and male taipans can grow larger than females. Taipans
grow upto to 2.5 metres. The ritual male combat
occurs in spring. Mating in captivity has been recorded from March to December
with a peak from July to October. Female taipan lays
10 - 20 adherent, soft-shelled eggs. She lays these eggs anytime between 52 and
85 days after mating. The female can retain her eggs long enough for the
embryos to develop to an advanced stage before she lays them. Eggs incubated
artificially at about 30° C hatch in 61 to 84 days and the young leave their
egg cases about one or two days after the first hatching slits are made. Males
become mature at 16 months of age, females at 28 months.
Repertory:
Mind: ABRUPT (harsh)
ABSENTMINDED (at work)
ABUSIVE
AILMENTS FROM – reprimands/rudeness of others
ANGER (morning on waking/at night/# with quick repentance/causeless/from
contradiction/easily/at trifles/violent)
ANXIETY from anticipation (in morning)/ about future
AWKWARD
CENSORIOUS
COMPANY – aversed to/desires it
CONCENTRATION difficult studying
CONFIDENCE - want of self confidence – self depreciation
CONFIDENT
CONFUSION of mind
CONVERSATION - aversion to
DEATH desires (from despair/thoughts of)
DELUSIONS - head confused by a cloud/is worthless
DESPAIR – of own condition/about miserable existence/about future/of
life
DISCONTENTED
DULLNESS
DWELLS on past disagreeable occurrences/recalls disagreeable
memories/recalls old grievances
EXHILARATION
FEAR of the unknown
FORGETFUL
FORSAKEN feeling (sensation of isolation)
FROWN, disposed to
GRIEF over trifles
HARDHEARTED
HATRED - has bitter feelings for slight offenses/of persons who offended
him/hatred and revengeful
HEEDLESS
HELPLESSNESS; feeling of
HIGH-SPIRITED
HOPEFUL
HURRY (everybody must hurry)
IMPATIENCE
INACTIVITY (morning)
INDIFFERENCE (to everything)
INSECURITY; mental
IRRITABILITY (morning – on waking/afternoon/# cheerfulness/from trifles
JEALOUSY
KILL; desire to (with a knife)
LAZINESS [morning in bed (on rising/on waking)]
LIAR
MALICIOUS (with anger)
MOCKING - sarcasm
MOOD - #/changeable/repulsive
MOROSE – morning on waking/afternoon/
OBSTINATE
OFFENDED, easily
PLAYFUL
POSTPONING everything to next day
QUARRELSOME [morning/on wking/with aversion to
company/(recriminations) about trifles]
QUIET disposition
RAGE
REBELLIOUS
REMORSE (after anger/quickly repents)
REPROACHING oneself
RESTLESS (evening/anxious)
RUDENESS
SADNESS (evening/desire to weep)
SECRETIVE
SELFCONTROL –lost
SENSITIVE (to reprimands/to rudeness)
SENTIMENTAL
SNAPPISH
SOCIABILITY
SPOKEN TO; being aversion
STARTING - morning (starting from sleep)
STRIKING from anger/striking one's own children
SUICIDAL disposition [lacks courage/from despair (miserable about his
existence)/meditates on easiest way of committing suicide]
SULKY
SUSPICIOUS
TEASING
THOUGHTS rush
TRANQUILLITY - reconciled to fate
TRIFLES – seem important
UNFEELING
VIOLENT
WEEPING [desire to weep (all the time)]
Head: HAIR falling
HEAVINESS [in forehead (above eyes)/vertex]
PAIN – afternoon/< closing the eyes (pulsating)/dull pain (l./in
forehead (in frontal eminence/< studying/ext. temple/< - from
light)/above eyes/pulsating pain/temples
PULSATING - > closing the eyes/forehead/frontal eminence
EYE: red
HEAVINESS
PAIN – r./drawing/burning
TIRED SENSATION
EAR: DISCHARGE – r./watery
ERUPTIONS - about the ears/in front of ears (boils/pustules)
ITCHING
NOSE: CORYZA – r./morning/with discharge
DISCHARGE - Posterior nares
(r./morning)/thick/watery/yellowish green
SNEEZING - + irritation in both nostrils/constant (morning/with coryza)/with itching
FACE: ERUPTIONS – painful
ERUPTIONS – painful pimples/pustules (on cheeks)/rash
PAIN – l. cheek/around eyes
MOUTH: APHTHAE - Tongue (painful)
DRYNESS with thirst
ODOR offensive
PAIN – burning (l./tongue/morning)
SALIVATION
ULCERS – gums (painless)
THROAT: CONSTRICTION
DRYNESS with thirst
HAWK; disposition to (before being able to talk)
IRRITATION
LUMP; sensation of a [< swallowing (empty)]
PAIN – morning (sore)/evening (sore)/burning/< during cough/”As from
splinter”/< empty swallowing (liquids)/constant disposition to swallow must drink
(from saliva)/
Swallowing difficult (liquids)
STOMACH: APPETITE increased
EMPTINESS
ERUCTATIONS (empty)
PAIN – evening/dull/in pain/in epigastrium
THIRST (for large quantities)
ABDOMEN: EMPTINESS
FLATULENCE
PAIN – l./burning/> lying on abdomen/cramping/< during menses/<
sitting
RECTUM: CONSTIPATION - insufficient
DIARRHEA
URINE: BURNING
Yellow/offensive
FEMALE GENITALIA/SEX: IRRITATION/ITCHING
MENSES – clotted/dark/too early (7 - 8 days)/painful
LARYNX AND TRACHEA: hoarse (during coryza)
COUGH: DRY (morning)
CHEST: ERUPTIONS - on mammae/rash
OPPRESSION
PAIN – l. (< during cough/sudden)
PALPITATION of heart – with anxiety/on waking
EXTREMITIES: ERUPTIONS – inside of thighs/upper arms
SLEEP: DISTURBED by palpitations
FALLING ASLEEP – early/easy
PROLONGED
REFRESHING
SLEEPINESS on waking
WAKING – after midnight 2.30 h./“As from anxiety”/from coldness/with
palpitations
DREAMS: being BURNED/CLAIRVOYANT/meeting (old)
friends/of God/NOSTALGIC
CHILL: in general
FEVER: heat in general
PERSPIRATION: ABSENT
SKIN: DRY – unable to perspire
ERUPTIONS – boils/popular
GENERALS: external dropsy
FOOD and DRINKS: Desires: chocolate/food/ice cream;
HEAT - flushes of heat
HYPERTENSION
LIE DOWN - desire it
LYING - < on side (part on which he is lying)
PAIN – aching/in bones (“As if broken”/during fever/tearing/during pain)/in parts lain on
UNCOVERING aversed to
WEAKNESS (< during fever)
Thema’s
WORTHLESS
The feeling of a life without purpose in which one does not have a
significant role is very characteristic of this remedy. They feel like a burden
on their family or group.
ALONE
They feel that nobody needs them and they are not of use to anybody.
ESTRANGED FEELING
The desire for company and society is suppressed due to feelings of
worthlessness and depression.
OVERSENSITIVE
Any kind of criticism intensifies the feeling of worthlessness. So they
are very sensitive to criticism and reprimands.
OSCILLATION OF MOODS
Mood changes are persistent throughout the proving. They are very intense
and uncontrollable. The changes of mood are also due to the intense irritation
at trivial matters.
One moment they are happy and another moment they can get agitated over
trifles.
REVENGEFUL
They feel hurt and want others to experience the same painful feeling.
Past offenses are recalled with a lot of anger and resentment.
LOSS OF CONTROL/ VIOLENT RAGE
The frustration and anger is expressed initially in the form of
sarcastic and critical remarks. If they are unable to argue or prove their
point they become violent.
LOATHING FOR LIFE
They feel that others are living in misery because of them.
When the frustration and worthlessness reaches a peak they feel like
ending their life. They feel that others are living in misery because of them.
Repertorium: [Paul Masci/Philip
Kendall]
Gemüt: Bewusstlos
Weint (über Kleinigkeit)
Auge: Bewegung unwillkürlich
Lider herabfallend/gelähmt
Strabismus, Schielen (divergens)
Pupillen erweitert
Gesicht: Lähmung
Nase: Nasenbluten
Mund: Zunge zu bewegen (Her-/Vorstrecken) ist schwierig/gelähmt/geschwollen
Lähmung
Speichelfluss
Geschwollen
Innerer Hals: Schlucken unmöglich
Magen: Übel/erbricht/Art des Erbrochenen: gelb
Sehen: Diplopie, Doppeltsehen/verschwommen
Blase: Blutung
Urin: Blutig
Atmung: Atemnot, Dyspnoe, erschwertes Atmen
Brust: Blutung der Lungen
Glieder: blau (Hände/Füße)
Schwäche
Schweiß: Klamm, feucht/reichlich
Haut: bläulich
Allgemeines: Kollaps
Konvulsionen
Zyanose
Zittern äußerlich
Vorwort/Suchen Zeichen/Abkürzungen Impressum