Trituration

Trituration Geschichte

Vergleich: Siehe: Geschichte + Terms + Calendula Anhang

[Botha and Somaru (2010:113)]:

C4 triturated remedies reveal the following at each stage of the trituration:

C1 - displays an effect on the physical level;

C2 - reveals the emotional characteristics;

C3 - exposes the mental aspects;

C4 - shows the spiritual features;

C5 - :reveals the collective unconsciousness of the remedy.

Medicinal substances often have to be processed before they can be potentized. This may be done by producing a solution or a mother tincture, or by triturating the substance with lactose. According to H. the 3 methods are not interchangeable, because they produce medicines with different levels of homoeopathic activity.

The process of trituration, by mortar and pestle, is essential to homoeopathic pharmacy, as many solid or insoluble substances have to be triturated to a certain deconcentration level before they can be dissolved.

Trituration results in a quantitative reduction in the drug substance by a qualitative increase in its medicinal or therapeutic property. It is reasonable to hypothesize that trituration, which is the variable factor in the proposed experiment, does, in some way, change the physical structure of the solvent even when the order of dilution is beyond the Avogadro limit of molecular presence.

Dellmour conducted a chronological study of H.’s writings on the importance of the 3CH trituration in the manufacture of homoeopathic medicines. From his research it is evident that H. used and recommended trituration to the 3CH (before he continued the further potentizing with alcohol) for all medicines (Dellmour, 1994).

Until 1818, H. had used gold only in solution. He found a passage on the trituration of gold in the work of Arabian physicians and took to using the 1CH and 2CH in powder form. Since the anionic acid part in these compounds changed the qualities of the metal too much he tried to find a way to preserve the medicinal properties of the pure metal. For this purpose he triturated gold leaf in 1818 with lactose and found an effective medicine in the 1CH potency which several times turned out to be successful in the therapy of severe suicidal depressions.

As a result he triturated Aurum to higher potency degrees and introduced trituration as a common preparation method into homoeopathy (H., 1822:253).

In the early years, H. produced plant-based homoeopathic medicines from mother tinctures. He used the trituration method only for those medicinal plants that were available as dry substances. Later he used this method also for fresh plants. Through this he learned that triturated juices unfold more medicinal power through potentizing than those that are produced from mother tinctures:

“The fresh juices thus seem to acquire more of dynamization, as experience teaches me, than when the juice without any preparation by triturating is merely diluted in thirty vials of alcohol and potentized each time with (two) successive strokes,‟‟ (H., 1828:147).

Therefore he started to triturate plants. The Organon still contains instructions for the preparation of tinctures from juice, but the trituration of fresh plants is definitely favoured now:

“If the physician prepares his homoeopathic medicines himself, as he should reasonably do in order to save men from sickness, he may use the fresh plant itself, as but little

of the crude article is required, if he does not need the expressed juice perhaps for purposes of healing,” (H., 1921:242).

Although dissolving a substance in water or a mixture of ethanol and water is the simplest method of preparation, H. soon ceased to use it, however, having discovered that triturated medicines have more powerful actions than medicines produced by potentizing solutions.

After 1835, he made trituration the general processing method in homoeopathic pharmacy. He no longer used mother tinctures or solutions even of soluble substances, but instead triturated them up to the 3CH (Dellmour, 1994).

H. stated using trituration the evolution of medicinal power was „much more complete‟ than with solution-based potencies. Dynamization is more powerful when produced

by 3-hour trituration, with the medicinal substance and the vehicle subjected to more intensive mechanical and energy factors (H., 1828:147-152).

This change has important advantages because the entire crude drug is passed over to the remedy. On the other hand mother tinctures contain only water -and alcohol- soluble parts while all other components are lost.

Compared to medicines produced from mother tinctures and solutions, the trituration method offered the advantages of more powerful action, more constituents retained

and guaranteed shelf life (Dellmour, 1994).

From 1835 on, H. triturated practically all drugs including water-soluble substances, metals and juices and fresh plants to 3CH before he continued the further potentizing

with alcohol.

The finality of this development was fixed when the beginning of LM-potentizing was set up in 3CH-trituration (Dellmour, 1994).

Trituration:

the act of prolonged grinding with a mortar and pestle to reduce an insoluble homoeopathic drug to a fine powder while amalgamating it thoroughly with lactose by rubbing together under the pestle.

A method of preparing homoeopathic remedies which is usually, but not exclusively, reserved for substances which are not soluble in water or alcohol. The substance is diluted with lactose and ground in a mortar with a pestle for a set period of time to reduce the particle size of the substance, thereby rendering it soluble (Yasgur, 2004)

Medicinal substances often have to be processed before they can be potentized. This may be done by producing a solution or a mother tincture, or by triturating the substance with lactose. According to Hahnemann the 3 methods are not interchangeable, because they produce medicines with different levels of homoeopathic activity.

of homoeopathic medicines. From his research it is evident that Hahnemann used and recommended trituration to the 3CH (before he continued the further potentizing with alcohol) for all medicines (Dellmour, 1994).

Until 1818, Hahnemann had used gold only in solution. He found a passage on the trituration of gold in the work of Arabian physicians and took to using the 1CH and 2CH

in powder form. Since the anionic acid part in these compounds changed the qualities of the metal too much he tried to find a way to preserve the medicinal properties of the pure metal. For this purpose he triturated gold leaf in 1818 with lactose and found an effective medicine in the 1CH potency which several times turned out to be successful

in the therapy of severe suicidal depressions. As a result he triturated Aurum to higher potency degrees and introduced trituration as a common preparation method into homoeopathy (Hahnemann, 1822:253).

In the early years, Hahnemann produced plant-based homoeopathic medicines from mother tinctures. He used the trituration method only for those medicinal plants that were available as dry substances. Later he used this method also for fresh plants. Through this he learned that triturated juices unfold more medicinal power through potentizing than those that are produced from mother tinctures: “The fresh juices thus seem to acquire more of dynamization, as experience teaches me, than when the juice without any preparation by triturating is merely diluted in thirty vials of alcohol and potentized each time with (two) successive strokes,‟ (Hahnemann, 1828:147).

Therefore he started to triturate plants. The Organon still contains instructions for the preparation of tinctures from juice, but the trituration of fresh plants is definitely favoured now: “If the physician prepares his homoeopathic medicines himself, as he should reasonably do in order to save men from sickness, he may use the fresh plant itself, as but little of the crude article is required, if he does not need the expressed juice perhaps for purposes of healing,” (Hahnemann, 1921:242).

Although dissolving a substance in water or a mixture of ethanol and water is the simplest method of preparation, Hahnemann soon ceased to use it, however, having discovered that triturated medicines have more powerful actions than medicines produced by potentizing solutions.

Hahnemann stated that with using trituration the evolution of medicinal power was „much more complete‟ than with solution-based potencies. Dynamization is more powerful when produced by 3-hour trituration, with the medicinal substance and the vehicle subjected to more intensive mechanical and energy factors (Hahnemann, 1828:147-152) (Usually done by 1 hour modus).

This change has important advantages because the entire crude drug is passed over to the remedy. On the other hand mother tinctures contain only water- and alcohol-soluble parts while all other components are lost.

Compared to medicines produced from mother tinctures and solutions, the trituration method offered the advantages of more powerful action, more constituents retained and guaranteed shelf life (Dellmour, 1994).

From 1835 on, Hahnemann triturated practically all drugs including water-soluble substances, metals and juices and fresh plants to 3CH before he continued the further potentizing with alcohol. The finality of this development was fixed when the beginning of LM-potentizing was set up in 3CH - trituration (Dellmour, 1994).

[Alize Timmerman]

Triturating, The Basis of the Homeopathic Remedies

Is it not amazing that during the education of homeopaths paying careful attention to § 265 of The Organon is often overlooked?

“It is a matter of conscience for the medical-art practitioner to be certain that each patient takes the right medicine every time. Therefore, the practitioner should give the patient the correctly selected medicine from his own hands, and he should also prepare the medicine himself.“

This is often the basis for the reason why the powers released from the substance do not perform as we expect them to. The C 4 homeopathy once again makes a renewed plea to make remedies by our own hands, or even better, to do so in groups, in order to gain a larger resonance. Combine that with the fact that with a proper C 3 trituration and further potentization from that level, one is not yet at the end of gaining possible knowledge about the remedy and about the symptoms of the sick human being.

The trituration to the C 4 step, which only requires another hour of trituration, delivers us the essential knowledge of the substance and with that the true essence of the remedy. This essence is sought by many homeopaths. The knowledge remained stuck in the repetition of well known important symptoms of the remedy. As Hahnemann says: “Machts richtig nach“, I interpret that he means: Experiment, just like I, Samuel Hahnemann, did, and “bringst weiter und machts weiter.”

MATERIALS

Mortar and the pestle.

The smaller the mortar, the more the trituration must come from the arms and the hand. You must actively press on the pestle. With a mortar of about 25 centimeters in diameter the movement can come from the whole body and the belly (hara) becomes the center of the movement. The arms and hands are merely led to hold the pestle.

The weight of the pestle itself provides sufficient pressure. Minimum requirement: 19 centimeters with the hefty pestle that comes with it. The stirring movement becomes more regular with a larger mortar which brings you in the precise and deeper tone.

The scraper

The scraper is best made from porcelain. The tone of a plastic scraper is less pleasant. Through the force, which is required to scrape the pores of the mortar clean, a plastic

one will break more easily. The remedy itself is not damaged in so far as one knows by which type of scraper one uses. Metal can also give an unpleasant tone and can create

a reaction with milk sugar, thus possibly influencing the remedy.

Milk sugar

Lactose, Saccharum lactum or Saccharum lactis.

Measuring instrument

This is for 6 grams of milk sugar. A 10 millilitre plastic box from the pharmacy suffices. Furthermore we need a timing device to keep time and of course we need the substance that is to be triturated itself. In total 7 items.

Chronic Diseases, #185: “Triturating must be done with some force, but only so forcefully, that the milk sugar does not remain stuck to the mortar and can be scraped clean within 4 minutes. And do not forget to scrape the head of the pestle.”

BASIC MODIFICATIONS

The action of making homeopathic remedies and the essences of those remedies are based on 4 basic modifications:

1th The strength of the healing remedy force

This is the amplitude of the energy wave. This is evoked and strengthened by trituration.

The original substance contains all the remedy force. Every remedy has its own blueprint.

Amplitude through trituration.

The healing remedy force is the essential purpose of the substance.

The substance is the “thing” enveloped in something we recognize in our reality.

Through trituration an invisible reality of a remedy is released into our reality.

During trituration the resonance possibilities are of great importance.

This means with “things” from our reality, i.e. the peach tree is blossoming, so one triturates peach tree. This increases the power.

During trituration with every step yet another aspect of the substance is noticeable.

2nd. Release in steps

This release occurs more or less through working in steps.

It is characteristic that, by triturating the different octaves of the remedy picture (this is the essence of the substance) in steps, the remedy picture also is revealed in steps.

Here we see a duplication of the basic shape of the energy wave. (selbstaenlichkeit)

In this vibration a substance gains every time a completely new character.

The rule there is:

Remedies triturated to the C 1 level have their main point in the physical realm.

Remedies triturated to the C 2 level bring the emotional aspects into the foreground.

Remedies triturated to the C 3 level show the psychic, mainly the emotional aspects of the remedy.

Remedies triturated to the C 4 level predominantly express the spiritual aspects, the soul, the essence of the remedy force.

3rd Increasing frequency through dilution

This same energy wave with the same characteristic signals increases in vibration when a substance is further diluted (in water or in alcohol; Hahnemann himself used brandy). The number of vibrations per second increases. This is called increasing frequency. With this the energy wave becomes more penetrating, forceful and gains a larger area of influence.

Here is the rule: the higher the dilution, the less the movement of the force and thus the less the effect.

Frequency increase through succussing in a liquid.

4th Evoking the vital energy

The vitality of the energy formed in steps 1, 2 and 3 is evoked through succussion.

Any powerful place, a pyramid for example, should also have such an effect.

This energy is temporary and fleeting. So it has to be evoked over again every time. This is to say: each dose has to be succussed. Also if the dose is given soon after a previous one, it needs to be succussed. Evoking of vital energy is done by 6 forceful succussions.

[Iman Navab]

Reflection on trituration and succussion

My beloved teacher, the late Vaikunthanath Kaviraj (author of Homeopathy for Farm and Garden) often expressed his deep concern and frustration that homeopaths still do not grasp the depth and significance of trituration and succussion that are crucial steps in making homeopathic medicine. Homeopaths in general appreciate their importance, but Kaviraj’s apprehension was due to the lack of high quality research in these procedures, which could help us move the science of homeopathy forward. To understand the gravity of his point, let us explore very briefly the history of trituration and succussion.

In Jay Yasgur’s Homeopathic Dictionary (ISBN 1-886149-04-6), these two terms are defined as:

Trituration – the reduction of a substance to a minute state or division by means of long, continued rubbing or grinding.

Succussion – the process of potentization; vigorously shaking with impact the properly diluted homeopathic remedy.

Mortar & Pestle History reveals that Trituration in medicine (pulverizing in a mortar) is as old as the practice of Indian Medicine (5000 BC) also known as Ayurveda (Science of Life). In one recent study published

by the International Research Journal of Pharmacy, scientists at the Mittal Punarvasu Ayurved College, Mumbai, demonstrated a pharmaceutical approach to making pearl into a bio-safe nano-medicine (ISSN 2230-8407). Why pearl? This gem is a valuable and highly regarded remedy in most of the Ayurvedic texts. In this research, pearl underwent the process of trituration 6 hours daily for 21 days. Through this, its particle size was reduced to the extremely minute nano-particles, which means the pearl transformed into nano-medicine, and this facilitates its intracellular activities. Advanced equipment was used in this study that clearly demonstrates the importance of trituration in significant reduction of particle size to increase its bioavailability (which refers to the presence of medicine where it is needed in the body). Keep in mind that in the drug industry each year, more than $65 billion is wasted due to poor bioavailability of medicines.

Nano Particles

As I mentioned, trituration has been in use by Ayurveda from ancient times till now. Traditional Chinese Medicine (since 2700 BC) is also uses this process, triturating herbs for days! Different methodologies of trituration are now utilized in laboratories, but all for the same purpose, reduction of particle size.

The art of Trituration is a natural behavior known to all animals; our teeth grind and reduce food particles for better digestion. While this procedure was not invented by homeopathy, it was the genius of Dr. Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann (April 10, 1755 – July 2, 1843) a German physician and scientist who detailed a precise standard operational procedure for the trituration process.

Dr. Hahnemann also shed light on the importance of succussion in the process of potentizing homeopathic medicine. That is, briskly shaking the liquid to create friction.

On a separate note, I would like to mention here that some biased medical-bigots ridicule and discredit Hahnemann, and they hold an opinion that these methods are irrational. I have to say, shame on them, as they mislead the general public by their ignorance. As a brilliant chemist of his time, Hahnemann said: “Far be it from me to prefer irrational quackery to the well-considered medicine.”I used the term ‘brilliant’ chemist because Hahnemann contributed to many branches of science including chemistry. Johann Friedrich Göttling was an outstanding chemist and pharmacist. He was the teacher of great chemists in history. He was appointed as an extraordinary professor of philosophy and chemistry in the University of Jena. In 1794, Professor Göttling said: “Chemistry has to thank Samuel Hahnemann for many important discoveries.”

The process of vigorous-shaking was known to Hahnemann before he systemized homoeopathy. But why did he use the term succussion instead of simply calling it shaking? History reveals that the term ‘succussion’ was used in the era of Hippocrates (460 BC – 377 BC), the Greek Physician regarded as Father of Medicine. Succussion was described by Hippocrates as a technique that consisted of shaking a patient to detect any fluid in the cavities of the body, particularly the lungs. Hippocrates insisted that the succussion process must be a firm and sudden shake; each shake should be equal in the extent of force, and those who perform it must be well trained. So how did Hippocrates came up with his technique of succussion? The answer is in his careful observation of the mechanism of cough! It is known that cough and its succussive mechanism has a forceful speed up to 50 miles per hour (about 80 Km/h).

Thus Dr. Hahnemann used the term succussion to convey the essence of vigorous force that is needed in shaking the liquid to create the friction and kinetic energy that is needed for potentization.

In a book about experimental chemistry, titled “The Sceptical Chymist” by Robert Boyle, published in London in the year 166, I found this remarkable thought-provoking statement: “A few drops

of the compound being shaken into a pretty quantity of the infusion.” This procedure suggests that the importance of succussion was known to chemists before Hahnemann. Dr. Hahnemann is guiding us in his book Organon of Medicine that “Succussion is nothing less than a Trituration of liquid substances”. After each series of succussions, comes the dilution step; these are crucial procedures. Dilution without succussion adds no kinetic energy to liquid, while succussion without an increase in dilution raises the level of potency in liquid only by one potency, regardless of how many times it is carried out.

It is indisputable that ongoing, unbiased high quality research studies with advanced technology are needed to further investigate this science so we can truly understand how molecules and of

a substance behave during their transformation in trituration, succusion and dilution.

So far we can observe that nature teaches us that grinding food into minute nutrients by the teeth is similar to the trituration process. Also, the mechanism of a forceful cough could be the origin of the succussion method. In regards to dilution, I wish to use the following example to express a point. It is known by science that for human conception, in one ejaculation a male may send as many

as 500 million sperm to the vagina. That transfers about 15,875 Gigabyte (GB) of data, equivalent to the capacity that is in about 7,000 computers. However, out of so many sperm, only one will fertilize an ovum. This single tiny sperm contains about 37.5 Megabytes (MB) of DNA information. You may find this example as irrelevant to the dilution process in preparation of homeopathic medicine; however it may serve as food for thought to explore the potentials (in terms of information) that is in a single drop of homeopathic medicine.

Homeopathy is indeed waiting for science to catch-up. Let me conclude with Hahnemann’s quote: “It is infinitely easier to contradict than to investigate.”

[Botha/Ross]

A nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy comparison of 3C trituration derived and 4C trituration derived remedies.

BACKGROUND:

Trituration of base substances, commonly to the 3cH level, is the cornerstone of the homeopathic pharmaceutical process or insoluble solutions. Becker and Ehrler claim that trituration to 4cH gives a new, spiritual dimension to the homoeopathic medicine picture.

AIM AND METHOD:

This study sought to establish whether the claim that C4-derived potencies possess different physicochemical qualities to the homoeopathic medicines derived from a 3cH trituration is valid. All potencies were produced by hand according to the German Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia (GHP). Five different samples were analysed using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy.

RESULTS:

The results indicated a significant difference between the 12cH samples of potassium dichromate (Kalium bichromicum) produced from 3cH and 4cH triturations. This was especially prominent in the chemical shift values of all four peaks and the relative integration levels of the H(2)O, OH and CH(3) peaks when comparing two sample groups.

CONCLUSION:

Trituration plays a part in the development of physicochemical properties specific to homoeopathic medicines. The higher the level of trituration, the more pronounced is the alteration of the physical structure of the active ingredient. The study concludes that 4cH potencies are physicochemically distinct from 3cH-derived potencies (as currently employed).

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