Vergleich Angiospermae mit Coniferae

 

 

                                                          

Deciduous                      Angiospermae = Flowering plants

Conifers

Form

Upwards, open canopy of leaves

Downwards, closed canopy of leaves.

Chemicals

Essential oils, fragrances, nectars

Turpentine, tars

Leaves

Broad, flat, soft; seasonal change.

Survive the winter by letting the leaves fall to prevent dehydration. Here comes an end on the circulation of water. No deciduous tree can take water at - 5° C.

Survive the cold winters by minimizing their loss of water with their hard waxy needles.

The needles are ever green and are replaced after one or two years.

Ecological diversity

Richer; offer more energy as dead leaves and provides more to other organisms.

More heterogeneous woods.

Tree needs a lot of space.

The canopy is so dense that just a few plants can survive.

The ground is covered with slowly decaying needles which slowly offers food to the soil.

More homogeneous woods.

Flower

Great variety of flowers, fruits, seeds.

More than 60 families of angiosperms.

The seeds covered which biologically is an advantage.

Cones (male / female)

Gymnosperms, seeds are uncovered and found in cones.

Animal

Insects, bees, birds, mammals

Ants (formic acids à veroudering)

Habitat

Temperate, (sub-)tropical

Boreal, North temperate

Survive with hot and cold temperature, little amount of sunlight and with only during 6 months water (can live in the desert).

During 30 days the circumstances are optimal.

Soils

Rich, moist soils or dry, well-drained rich humid soil, or dry soil.

Mineral, sandy, rocky.

Pioneers.

Age

100 million years old

300 million years old.

Uses

Foods, oils, furnishings, fine woods, instruments, spices, fragrance

Softwoods, fuel, chemicals. 

 

 

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