Acridotheres tristis = Indian myna

Vergleich: Siehe: Aves + Aves Anhang

[Asima Hoosen]

2.5.4.4

Feeding: Indian mynas are omnivorous thus their diet consistsof a wide variety of foods including frogs, snails, and bird eggs. They also eat fruits and seeds. They are scavengers and are oftenon the ground searching for food. Onecan often see Indian mynas on the backs of cattle removing ticks from them. When alternatives

are not available, the Indian myna may rely on fruits and seeds. (Arkive 2017)

2.5.4.5 Homoeopathic Proving of Acridotheres tristis:

In 2010 Asima Hoosen conducted the proving of Acridotheres tristis. The following key concepts were identified by Hoosen (2010) incl. following:

Anxiety, Depression, Dreams, Fatigue and Insomnia.

Anxiety was experienced by several provers. The anxiety experienced was often related to a sense of impending danger, and resulted in the prover feeling panicked.

Most of the anxiety experienced by the provers was accompanied by insecurities and also a sense of confusion. The original proving also showed improvement in

the normal anxiety of provers. (Hoosen 2010)

Depression:

The depression in the remedy expressed as a feeling of sadness, a sense of emptiness and of having less motivation and no will to do anything. Also afeeling of wanting to be left in isolation, as well as the need for solitude. Depression on the physical plane was described as lethargy and body aches. (Hoosen 2010)

Dreams:

A prover described being perused or being attacked in their dreams. (Hoosen 2010)

Fatigue and insomnia:

The proving actually improved the sleeping patterns of some of the provers. Others felt extremely tired and had exhaustion to the point where they wanted to lie still and just sleep. Physically, the provers experienced unsteadiness and weakness of the limbs. (Hoosen 2010)

Physicals: Headaches: Pains being described as sharp. Heavy sensation Headache with accompanying eye symptoms behind and around the eye.

Allergic Rhinitis: Nasal congestion +:Mucous production Profuse lacrimation Constant sneezing Haemorrhoids: Protruding and bulging (no bleeding orpain) (Hoosen, 2010)

Acridotheres tristis could possibly be prescribed for the following symptoms:

Anxiety (experienced by several of the provers, in particular performance anxiety and anxiety of impending danger). felt panic stricken. The anxiety + by a sense of confusion and insecurity (exploring a new avenue).

Depression: described as a feeling of sadness, emptiness, being de-motivated with no will to study or work. It can also be seen that the depression is further extended into the physical plane, in that provers experienced lethargy and body aches.

Headaches: mainly of a sharp nature and a heavy sensation. The headaches reported had a great propensity to the region of the eye, behind or around the eyes.

Allergic rhinitis: Characteristic symptoms of nasal congestion + copious nasal mucous production, profuse lachrimation and constant sneezing are suggestive of allergic rhinitis.

Haemorrhoids: described as a protruding bulge with no bleeding and no pain. Only experienced by one prover it remains to be a significant manifestation as the prover was not exposed to the contributing factors in the development of haemorrhoids.

Fatigue: Several provers experienced symptoms of extreme tiredness and exhaustion to a point where the provers felt a desire to lay still and sleep.

There were also associated physical sensations of the body feeling tight along with body aches, unsteadiness and weakness of the limbs.

Insomnia: An improvement in sleeping patterns was experienced in 40% of the provers. In most of the cases provers experienced deep sleep and woke up refreshed.

[Asima Goolam Hoosen]

The Indian myna is predominantly a bird of urban and cultivated areas, it is also closely associated to man, as a pet, or an unpopular invasive pest (Common Myna, 2007).

This abundant passerine is both an aggressive and intelligent bird, which competes against any native species for food and nesting hollows. They are one of the world’s most successful birds due to its being a formidable competitor and its ability to adapt easily to any environment (Indian myna birds, 2006). There are many substances waiting to

be proved, however some additional factors need to be considered.

First, is the substance available? Some Homoeopaths subscribe to the idea that a useful remedy should be a local one, within easy reach of the patient, as nature will always provide an accessible cure (Sherr, 1994:49). As argued by Sherr the proving remedy of choice should be that of an indigenous source (Sherr, 1994:49). Even though the remedy of choice Acridotheres tristis is indigenous to South Asia, from Afghanistan to India and Sri Lanka, it is still a common bird in S. Africa

(Common Myna, 2007).

Native range: Native to the Indian subcontinent and adjacent areas the Indian myna (Common myna, Acridotheres tristis) has expanded its range in the 20^th century, possibly assisted by introductions throughout the Malay Peninsula, Thailand, Vietnam and Southern China (Harrison, et al.1997:454). Their approximate range is from eastern Afghanistan to India and Sri Lanka to Bangladesh (May and Sodhi, 2006:2).

Known introduced range: Indian mynas spread throughout much of Southeast Asia in 1900s and have been widely introduced around the world, establishing itself in South Africa (May and Sodhi, 2006:2). Indian mynas were released in Durban around 1900, and now occur from Kwa-Zulu Natal to the Gauteng, Mpumalanga and the Free State provinces of South Africa (Harrison, et al.1997:454).

Indian mynas are generally dark or dull birds that have fluted calls, and like most starlings; the sexes are similar. This 25-cm long bird has a dark brown body and wing plumage, with brown wings and white primary coverts, and primaries black with basal half white (Common Myna, 2007). The face and at the top of the head black; the hind-neck slate, vinaceous-brown on black; pump and under-tail coverts white (Ginn, et al. 1989:612).

The bill, bare skin around the eyes and strong legs are bright yellow (Common Myna, 2007:1). In flight the white patches of the wings and the dark tail with a white tip make this bird unmistakable (Liversidge, 1991:187).

Interspecific relationships

Raucous and conspicuous, it is often accused of displacing other bird species from gardens, probably unjustly (Harrison, et al. 1997). They are aggressive, and will attack almost any aggressor, including man, that threatens an active nest or young (Ginn, et al. 1989:612).

Like most starlings, the Indian mynas are fairly omnivorous, eating fruit, nectar and insects (Tidemann, 2005), also following ploughs and grazing cattle to take any prey

(Ginn, et al. 1989:612).

The Indian myna breeds from September to January. Indian mynas breed in hollows; building untidy nests of twigs, leaves, grass, paper and feathers that are placed in a tree

or building, or even in leaf clumps of screw pines.

They usually lay two to five eggs, which are plain bright bluish-green with a glossy shell. The incubation period is about seventeen days. The fledging period is about 24 days (Ginn, et al. 1989:612).

Negative impacts: Common mynas are able to establish themselves in almost any habitat and, as a result, have become an invasive species in some areas outside of the native range. They are considered a pest because they eat grain and fruit from agricultural crops, and they are also seen as an annoyance for their communal roosting behaviour and droppings in the vicinity of human habitation (Lin and Root, 2007).

Positive impacts: Common mynas may be helpful in reducing insect populations in agricultural areas. In India, Acridotheres tristis is known to protect the crops by feeding on insect pests (May and Sodhi, 2006:2).

On the Hawaiin Islands, they help control populations of cutworms (spodoptera mauritia). In 1883, common mynas were introduced into the cane fields of Australia to combat insect pests such as plague locusts and cane beetles. Common mynas also pollinate and disperse seeds of economical trees. Common mynas are often sold as pets for their intelligence and ability to mimic human speech (Lin and Root, 2007).

Repertory:

Mind: Activity desires (creative activity/at work)

Ailments from - anxiety/domination/indignation/mental exertion

Anger - # affection/# tranquillity/about disorder/with himself

Answering abruptly

Antagonism with herself

Anxiety (# exhilaration/during anger/> breathing/about own children/about money matters/with shuddering/with weariness)/Fear (of failure in examinations/to lose his lucrative job/of undertaking new enterprise/

of poverty/with sadness)

Blissful feeling

Cares about others

Change - desires it in life/desires change

Chaotic

Cheerful

Clarity - of mind/of purpose

Company - aversed to/> when alone/cannot bear anybody/wants to wrap himself in a blanket/aversion to company and desire for solitude/aversion to intimate friends/aversion to company during headache/

desires and > company/desires company of his family/relations and surroundings 1 41

Concentration - active (# tranquillity)/difficult (during conversation/studying/talking)

Confident (# discouragement/feels safe to be natural)

Confused - lost feeling

Conscientious about trifles

> Consolation

Content/discontent - with himself with being good for nothing sensation

Courageous

Dancing

Delusion - slow motion working/were an outcast/has done wrong

Disturbed, averse to being

Feeling at ease

Escapes from responsibilities

Estranged - from own family/from friends and relatives/from own self

Euphoria

Fastidious

Firm - drawing the line

Forgetful

Forsaken feeling - sensation of isolation (> occupation)

Free spirited/high spirited

Hatred - vengeful and detached

Hopeful # discouragement

Indifference to welfare of others

Insecurity

Irrational

Irresolute (indecision/and irritable)

Irritability (# despair/during headache/before menses/during menses/with sadness/on waking/with weakness)

Joy

Desire to be in sunlight

Loathing of work

Memory - loss of memory from mental exertion/weak (for what was about to do/for everyday things/for what has happened/from mental exertion)

Mental power increased

Mistakes in writing

Nature - loves

Occupation - >/desire to

Optimistic

Passionate

Positiveness

Power - sensation of

Prostration - from slight mental exertion/< thinking of work

Quick to act

Reassured easily when anxious

Reflecting (in sadness)

Rejuvenated, feeling of being

Reproaching himself

Rest - desire to

Restlessness anxious - driving from place to place

Sadness (when alone/> when alone/anxious/and desire to weep)

Sensitive to criticism

Speech - confused/incoherent

Spirituality

Studying difficult

Talking in sleep

Thinking - of the future/profound

Tranquility serenity, calmness (reconciled to fate)

Undertaking nothing, lest he failed

Unobserving

Vivacious

Weeping - cannot weep, though sad

Loss of will power (with insight, self awareness increased)

“As if he had two wills”

Vertigo: morning (> rising)/evening/night

+ difficult concentration, difficult 1 N

+ heaviness in head/+ pain in forehead

Tendency to fall (to l.)

“As if floating” (while sitting)/”As if intoxicated”

In bright light

From mental exertion

With nausea (middle of chest)

> sitting

> Sleep/with sleepiness

Standing, while

“As if head is turning round”/”As if whirling in forehead”

Walking (>)

Head: “As if cotton wool internally”/”As if enlarged in occiput”/”As if it would float off”

Heat > cold applications

Heaviness in occiput ext. vertex

Pain - morning (on waking)/+ nausea/+ pain in nape of neck/+ vomiting/> washing in cold water/after eating/from artificial light/from looking downward/from looking upward/before menses/< mental exertion/< motion (of head)/> after sleep/> during sleep/< stepping heavily/> tea/pulsating ext. temples/eyes (above l./behind/between)/

in occiput (pulsating/ext. r. eye/ext. down back of neck)/in occiput and forehead/pulsating l./temples (l./on cough/hammering/> pressure/wandering)/burning (forehead r./occiput r.)/bursting/dull in occiput/jerking in brain/lancinating in forehead/pressing in forehead (l./ext. eyes/ext. temples)/pulsating (< noise)/sharp (l. temple)/sore (in forehead/on motion/on touch/temples)

“As if head were separated from body”/“As if worm on forehead”

Eye: red during headache

Dry lids

“As if eyes were falling out”

Fluffy sensation behind eye

Itching > rubbing

Lachrymation - during coryza/profuse

Pain - > closing/when looking steadily/burning (r./during headache/itching/with lachrymation)/sore (inner canthi/during headache/on motion of eyes)

Photophobia - during headache/from artificial light

Ear: “As if full”

Itching in meatus

Pain - > pressure/swallowing/in eustachian tube/in external ear/with headache/stitching (l./r.)

Nose: Congested (< cold air)

Coryza - morning on waking/with lachrymation/lying/> sitting up

Discharge - > soon after blowing/clear/copious (< blowing)/watery/white/yellow

Dry inside - r./< inspiration

Obstructed [+ [watery) discharge]

Pain - burning - r./morning on waking/in bones/during coryza/nostrils inside/around nose

Sneezing - constant/with coryza/paroxysmal

Face: Eruptions- pimples on chin (l./white)/on cheeks

Hot (during anxiety)

Pain - throbbing in lower jaw/burning in lips around mouth

Perspiration - eyebrows/upper lip

Mouth: Bleeding gums

Dry with thirst

Itching in palate

Pain - sore in gums

Saliva thick

Taste - bitterish-putrid/”As from spoiled meat”

Throat: Dry (itching/with thirst)

Disposed to hawk

Itching

“As if a lump” > swallowing

Pain - burning (“As from a hot ball”/> cold air)/rawness/scratching/sore

Swallowing (difficult > liquids/impossible by constriction of esophagus)

Stomach: Anxiety

Appetite - diminished (morning/indifference to food)/increased [morning (at night/after breakfast/after eating)/increased (at night/after eating)

Bubbling

Distension

Emptiness (> eating/without hunger)

“As if full” after eating

Gagging from coughing

Heartburn (After excitement)

Nausea - > drinking/> after eating/pain in stomach

Pain - > lying on side with legs drawn up/during nausea/burning (ext. to throat)/cramping (concentration difficult/intermittent/during vertigo/> warmth)

Rumbling

Thirst (+ dry tongue/extreme/drinking water)

Abdomen: Distended

Pain - burning - ext. l. hypochondria/cramping, griping (> after stool)/in hypochondria (l./r.)/cramping, griping during stool

Rectum: Hemorrhoids protrude during stool

Stool: Light coloured

Smells - penetrating/offensive/strong

Pasty/tenacious/watery

Urine: Dark (brown/orange/yellow)/yellow

Sediment - mucous (thick/yellow)

Female organs: Leukorrhea (during menses/transparent)

Menses - absence of pain, flow only/painful (cold/> pressure/> warmth)

Pain - in uterus (before menses/during menses/ext. back)/cramping in uterus during menses/sharp (in uterus)

Larynx: Voice hoarse

Cough: Night (with perspiration/waking from the cough)

Barking loud

Choking

Cold air

Dry/”As from dust”

Hard

Irritable

Irritation in pit of throat/Itching in throat/tickling in throat

< lying in bed/< motion/> sitting up

Uninterrupted paroxysms

Pressure in trachea

Sleep - disturbing/preventing

Suffocative

> warming chest

Expectoratiom: Grayish/thick/transparent/white albuminous

Chest: Constricted - bending forward/ext. stomach

Pain - cutting on deep inspiration

Back: Eruptions - pimples/rash in cervical region (alternating sides/l./r.)

Formication - > pressure/cervical region (l.)/sacrum (l.)

Heaviness, weight in cervical region

Numbness - > part lain on/cervical region/dorsal region - scapulae (l.)/sacrum

Pain - lumbar region (r./> lying/during motion/in lumbar region (constricting/cramping/lancinating)

Stiffness in cervical region (r./in occiput during headache/> pressure/on waking/> warmth)

Weakness - cervical region/lumbar region

Extremities: Cracking in joints - > shoulder

Dryness of sole of foot

Heat - in palm of hand with anxiety/legs (> cold air/uncovers them)/foot burning [uncovers them/> cold air/< open air/pricking/foot - sole (burning)]

Heaviness - from mental exertion/in shoulder/in leg

Itching in foot - sole

Numbness - > exercising/> lying/> pressure/> warmth/upper limbs (l. shoulder/shoulder ext, to finger tips/in shoulder > when stretched)

Pain - > continued motion/shoulder (r./+ pain in r. jaw/on becoming cold/> pressure/pulsating/> warm application)/hip (r./beginning to move/rising from a seat/

on stooping)/r. thigh/r. ankle/heel (l./> pressure/walking)/burning in hip > motion/cramping l. calf/cutting in shoulder (l./when cold)/sharp in heel (l./l. shoulder)/

stitching [> pressure/> warmth/l. upper arm/shoulder (l./when chilly)/l. elbow/thigh (above r. knee)/knee (l./moving/> stretching)/stitching in ankle (> motion)]

Tingling - elbow (l./> exercising/> pressure)/l. thumb

Trembling hand

Unsteadiness leg

Sleep: Deep

Disturbed by nightmare

Light, much tossing around

NEED for sleep

Refreshing

Restless

Sleepy - morning/evening/constant/with heaviness of head/after waking/during work

Waking - difficult morning/frequent with restlessness/too late

Dreams: Anger/anxious (with perspiration)being attacked/birds/childbirth/about children/climbing/confident/death of relatives - grandmother/difficulties on journeys/dirt/disease/embarrassment/

escaping/fear of falling/room filled with feathers/fights/fleeing/frightful - waking him/hunting/desire to kill/mother/mountains/pleasant/pursued (by a man)/religious/responsibility/snakes

without fear/snakes without fear/striving/vexatious/work

Fever: + thirstless/# chills/heat/perspiration absent

Perspiration: during anxiety

Skin: Eruptions - rash - < bathing in hot water/burning (itching)/red

Generals: Constriction internal of bones

Excess of energy (night/on waking)

Food and drinks: Desires: Choc./fried eggs/fat/(citrus) fruits/nuts/seeds/sweets; >: apples; <: smell of meat cooking; Aversion: food + hunger

“As if influenza”

Lassitude

Pain - bone (aching)/aching (on waking)

Trembling externally (>)

Weakness (morning on waking/> lying/>/from sleepiness/with vertigo/> walking in open air)

Weariness

The predominant symptoms belonging to the mental and emotional spheres of this remedy include depression, memory weakness, isolation + need for solitude and a great sense of uncertainty with a conflict of will.

Anxiety was also reported in several of the provers however Prover 6 experienced a reduction of the normal anxiety (cured symptom). Dreams of being attacked and

pursued, and in particular dreams of struggling with unsuccessful efforts. An improvement in sleep was experienced (cured symptom). The characteristic physical symptoms include headaches, dizziness, extreme fatigue, skin eruptions (pimples and rashes), haemorrhoids, severe dysmenorrhoea and numbness of the upper limbs and back.

Other symptoms to consider include headaches, fever, general tiredness, loss of appetite and severe coughing, are suggestive of influenza.

A number of provers experienced symptoms associated with rheumatic complaints such as general muscle aches + tiredness, trembling or unsteadiness of the limbs.

Other symptoms indicate a possible use in the treatment of gastro-intestinal complaints which include nausea, abdomen

Vorwort/Suchen. Zeichen/Abkürzungen. Impressum.