Medhorrinum
Anhang
Sehnsucht nach Vereinigung/es geht
häufig um die Entwicklung des persönlichen Charismas. Zentaur/Hirschkönig.
[Dr.
Praful Barvalia]
Sycosis: slowness on one side implying
stagnation, selfcentredness and confusion and on other side hypertrophy
indicative of non functional over activity. Medorrhinum legitimately becomes
one of the greatest antisycotic remedy as it possesses these traits in its
centrality.
Sycotic confusion results from dullness of mind, slow comprehension, high
strung-anxious state and fixed ideas. Following para from Hering and Allens
description
of Medorrhinum, graphically portrays this state.
Hering and Allen:
Nerve Trembling with worry
Everything startles her, news coming to her
seems to touch her heart before she hears it.
Woke at an early hour with a frightened
sensation, ”As if something dreadful had happened”; heavy weight and great heat
in hand; could not rest in bed; felt as if she must do something to rid
her mind of this torture.
Dullness of memory and desire to procrastinate
Difficulty in concentrating the thoughts or mind
on abstract subjects.
Entirely forgot what she had read, even previous
line
Forgetfulness of names, letter of names, letter
of word and initial letters
Above description demonstrates Medorrhinum evolving around ANXIETY,
SENSITIVITY and difficulties of memory and comprehension FEAR-FRIGHT-ANXIETY
DEPENDENT MEDORRHINUM:
NERVOUS DISPOSITION as expressed through
characteristic ANTICIPATORY ANXIETY SYNDROME coupled with marked SENSITIVITY
are the basic qualities at an emotional level. There is marked dependence, and
an intense craving for support.
The preceding case allows us to understand the
dynamics of the anxiety generated. You find the subject growing up in a very
sheltered environment. When parental handling reinforces the thread of
dependence, we find the Medorrhinum child growing with marked timidity,
displaying fear of dark, fear of ghost and MISFORTUNE. The stress threshold is
extremely poor, hence lot of anxiety and nervousness before any event.
POOR MEMORY; POOR ABSTRACTION: STUPID
MEDORRHINUM
Another important facet contributing to the
building up of anxiety is the difficulties at the level of intellect. Here is a
drug which has tremendous difficulties to concentrate at an abstract level.
Coupled with the specific difficulties of memory
in Medorrhinum, this is a great impediment to learning. As child travels to
secondary and higher secondary studies this defect becomes quite apparent.
These children break down before exams.
TOUCHY, FRAGILE, HANDLE WITH CARE:
Excessive care accentuates SENSITIVITY
Medorrhinum gets hurt at the slightest comment. This is graphically painted in
the earlier case. These sensitive subjects are always on their guard, all the
while apprehensive; if they fall, somebody might scold. Morbid sensitivity
reinforces anxiety.
A word or look of seeming harshness puts her in
despondency for hours. (H.C. Allen page 297). Lachrymose weeping relieves, consolation relieves >
torments of tears [H.C. Allen].
EXUBERANT, INDULGENT, RUNNING AWAY FROM
RESPONSIBILITY: EGOISTIC MEDORRHINUM.
Immense desires, lot of enthusiasm and excitement
but with poor resources, poor execution, poor commitement and poor sense of
responsibility is another important facet of MEDORRHINUM
personality, as verified by Piere Schmidt and
Bellokossy, can have its roots in early formative years giving an image of
extravagant, vague and superficial personality. Psychodynamic history of these
individual depict dominating mother usually at loggerheads with her husband.
Child sides mother but is not bitter about father. Child develops dependent
attachment with mother.
Mother tends to reinforce this bond.
PAUSE
Poor identification with one parent and
dependent relationship with other possibly does not permit adequate depth and
strength to evolve. This would contribute to develop poor sense of responsibility,
inadequate sensitivity about others, ego centricity, self centered attitude,
and superficiality of Medorrhinum.
Following case from practice beautifully
demonstrates this:
45 years old, Hindu male consulted me on 31-1-96
for chronic balanitis and Herpes genitalis. He has recurrent cuts in the fore
skin since 10 years and severe soreness
of glans with recurrent ulcers since 2-3 years.
Since 6 months complaint is almost continuous. Sexual act is impossible since 2
years. He also suffers from asthma which was there in childhood. Subsequently
episodes were quite infrequent. Since 2 years, frequency has gone up. He came
down with ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION 3 years back.
He had received Fl-ac. 200 and 1 M without any
relief.
He is quite obese, perspires on forehead. He
loves pungent food. He always needs a fan and feels extremely HOT.
LIFE SPACE APPRECIATION:
Our patient is 44 years old man who stayed in
Dubai for the last 2 years. He lived all his life in Mumbai.
Was the last of the 5 children.
He has one brother and 3 sisters. Father died
when patient was 4 years old. In childhood he had a very good relation with his
mother "beautiful relationship. I was the favorite child."
Family has its own business of steel
manufacturing, now looked after everybody except him. He has always been a
happy-go-lucky person. He studied till Inter-exam since and did not study
further.
He
joined family business very early and didn’t face much problems as it was tailor
made. He was always extravagant wanting lot of easy money in fastest possible
way.
He started a business of his own hence he did
not fit in the family business. So he took his share and additional money and
separated to pursue his kind of life style.
In 1976 he had a lot of plans, resulting into
multiple activities.
In 82 he started an independent venture. He
established new plant in steel industry.
In 84-85, 100 units failed and the plant was
closed. He lost about 4 Crores. He had a lot of debt which he cleared entirely
by 90. He did’t have much to start again.
He believes that any project that pays back
capital within one year is good. Slowly he started a totally independent
business, operating from Dubai. He did this because he
has no inclination what so ever to do business
in India due to government rules. He has no tensions. Headaches since then.
Patient got married (arranged) in 1970. Asked
what his wife’s qualification was, he laughed and said, may be S.S.C.
Almost 5 years after marriage things went
haywire and at the same point they broke off. His impatience, indulgence and
lavish life style was not approved by the wife.
She never wanted to divorce because of the
children. They stay separate in adjoining flats. Daughters are of marriageable
age. Patient can’t separate even if he wishes.
He felt quite frustrated about these matters. He
found this entire process quit burdensome.
He gets along well with children, but hardly any
emotional ties. Now he is not happy with his mother, since she supports his
wife. He blames her as she was instrumental in creating this situation, as she
gave a lot of jewelry and gifts when they had to part ways.
Physician asked the patient" When did you
suffer from gonorrhoea?" Patient smiled and said "Oh! That’s long
back when I was 16 years old!"
There were series of premarital and extramarital
affairs, and anal intercourse with friends. Patient is tall heavily built, has
very dark circle around the eyes. His gestures, expressions, tone and content
demonstrated immense confidence and enthusiasm.
Here we have man with excessive indulgence,
excessive desire, exuberance with poor execution, poor comitment and
impatience. He wants fast results. He lacks adequate sensitivity towards
interpersonal relationship and about his responsibilities towards family.
Egotism and Hyper sexuality are other co-ordinates. Chronic balanitis, Asthma,
Hypertension and P / H of Gonorrhoea with above mentioned
nucleus clinched the diagnosis of MEDORRHINUM.
After Medorrhinum 200 infrequently repeated at
the interval of 2 months brought about 90% relief. Asthma relapsed once which
responded very well to Medorrhinum 200 later 1M 1 dose. Mental state showed
significant improvement and he found himself more organized and stable with his
work.
Another
interesting case which beautifully demonstrate this peculiar facet of
Medorrhinum was reported by Dr. Bellokossy in the Journal of American Institute
of Homoeopathy Nov. Dec. 1965.
We are presenting following extract from that
case:
"She is a nice looking, little lady of 32
years whose grandmother died from asthma and who started to suffer from eczema
when 5 months old and from asthma in her 4th year. Between her 17th and 20th
year she married three men and divorced two. Marriage with the third husband
has continued for 12 years. With the first she had a daughter with the last
three boys. She had almost all the fears in the repertory: of disease, fire,
pain, insanity, high places, flying, strangers, spiders, snakes of spending
money foolishly, of trifles but not of anything big, she also had stage fright
and anticipated any serious event already 2 days, before with anxiety and with
an inferiority complex during which times she bit her lips and chewed her
fingers. Sometimes she also switched over to a superiority complex in which she
was fault-finding, angry, raised her voice, screamed, swore, cried and slammed
the doors furiously. But soon the inferiority complex emerged again in the form
of depression, weariness in life, weeping without reason at which time she sat
and stared in front of herself and could not get anything done. Especially
before the menses she was lethargic and then the changeability of her mood
asserted itself by laughing and crying almost simultaneously, by hurriedness
and indolence, by liking and disliking people, by wanting peace and order while
not keeping them, by starting some work and never finishing it, by
consciousness and neglect, by impatience for trifles with restlessness if
nothing to do and desire to die from boredom, by thoughts of suicide while
sensitive to pain and afraid of hurting herself. Always highly sensitive,
easily excited and offended, holding long grudges and running away from her
family.
The most reprehensible of all her character
perversions was her aversion to all responsibility. While her first two
husbands were faithless and also lacking responsibility
so that she may have had some reason for
divorcing them, the third husband was good and without reproach. Nevertheless,
for no apparent reason she would leave him and
her 3 boys and not return for a week or more
which she did many times. In such periods her sensitivity was so great and her
family duties were such a burden to her that her objections did not worry her.
There was no room in her mind for pity, regret, compunction. Marriage and even
the mere idea of marriage was so unendurable to her that she could not stand
her husband nor her children. This is a strong Medorrhinum symptom not
developed by provings but often found in such congenital sycotic sufferers. It
is not recorded in the exhaustive pathogeneses of Medorrhinum in H.C. Allens
book on Nosodes.
During one of her absences this lady came to my
office and I asked her for the reason of her running away. She did not feel
well near him even before she married him.
She also could not sleep while anybody else
slept in the same bedroom. This was evidently an example of allergy of one
person to another. The sycotic can be as allergic to the vibrations, emanations
and volatile toxins contained in the breath of another human being as he can be
allergic to the vibrations radiated by an animal or plant.
Her physical generals also indicated
Medorrhinum. She was the worst in the morning and > after sundown, <
sun/summer heat, > near the ocean though < from dampness. sensitive to
pains and disliking to be touched, with fire beneficial to her body and not to
her face and with soles burning if on her feet a lot. Most of the Medorrhinum
symptoms < daytime but asthma can be an exception. It can be worse at night
which was so in this case.
She was treated with Medorrhinum and Nat-s. and
was cured from her asthma in a short time but not so from her mentals. However,
one day when she was in San Francisco and I had sent her a dose of Medorrhinum
CM and about three or four days after she had taken it, she suddenly asked
herself, "What am I doing here? Why am I here? I don’t belong here, I
belong to my husband and to my boys," and she packed her few things
together and flew back to Denver at once.
The family was thrilled to see her return, the
more so as they noticed the great change in her mental attitude. The next day
her husband came in my office and told me with tears in his eyes, tears of
happiness, that his wife had undergone an unbelievable improvement in her
psycho-mental sphere. In the succeeding months her behavior and mood not only
remained the exact reverse from what they were previously but up to this day,
that is for eight months she has continued improving intellectually and
emotionally.
No incompatibilities any more, no running away,
no quarrels, no disorder, no homework left undone, no laziness. She is
industrious, conscientious and an affectionate mother and wife, which is almost
too good to be true, but true just the same."
Both these cases give us beautiful insight to
evolutionary understanding of Medorrhinum personality; qualified state of
impatience, fears, indulgence and irresponsibility as well as psychodynamic
insight about development of such state.
[Jawahar Shah]
Predominantly indicated for people who are very comfortable at night.
Happy/exhilarated/excited as evening sets in. Can be expressed by the phrase,
“Cross by day, Merry by night”.
Cause: history of Gonorrhoea in parents/patient, Anticipation sickness;
< thinking of the complaints.
Right from childhood, they have the capacity to receive intuitive
feelings (usually comes true: predict accidents/natural calamities or results
of exams and that actually works out to be true). Other extreme of love = hate,
is a much more intense feeling in Medorrhinum. A child who was getting “A”
grade, in school, suddenly starts getting “F”.
The child who used to love his parents starts hating them from the depth
of his heart. A child who had tremendous
attachment to animals (Aethusa, Nuph.) starts hating them and this child becomes
very violent towards animals (Tarent.
violent and physical restless and mobility /Anac. two wills and confusion about
what is right and what is wrong /Mosch. sexual perversions and nymphomania,
starting at a very early age).
Child very sensitive and emotional/loves flowers, beauty and takes good
care of them. Child who was polite, soft, passionate and loveable turns into a
devil. Feels strong desire to bite, kick, hit, strike. He is very rude and
aggressive. All his actions become erratic, he develops inner hardness, which
is very deep and that is why it is very difficult to handle these children.
Loves whatever is forbidden. If you tell them not to do certain things,
they are the first people to go and do it. This quality is similar to
Tarentula. That is what makes them courageous and brave. Both these remedies are
courageous, but in Tarentula, they have no soft corner for anything. They can
lie with so much confidence, that the other person starts believing it as the
truth. For example, if he was given some money, he will not return the balance
amount. He will spend it on himself. On being asked the details he will say
that maybe the balance money fell from his pocket. If you point out the
chocolate marks around his mouth, then he will give an explanation that the
chocolate was given
by a friend. He will never admit the truth, even in the worst of
circumstances.
In Medorrhinum, the child starts with a lie but does not know how to
finish and gets caught half-way through, starts fumbling and he doesn’t have
the same confidence as
the Tarentula child.
As this child grows into a teen-ager, he wants to experience everything.
He wants to try out new things in life. He likes to go out with girls for
parties, discotheques etc.
These are the young
children you will find moving around
in the streets or discotheques, late
at night. They always love to do
what is forbidden. If the father says,
come back at 22 h., they will come back at 2 h. They will sneak out of
the house, once the parents have gone to sleep. They smoke, drink and they have
sexual relationship
at a very young age. They don’t like bindings. That is why the idea of
marriage seems unendurable. They are the people who remain unmarried till very
late in life, even though they have many boyfriends or girl friends.
Predominantly an extremist. SELF centered and hard hearted and they
don’t want any connection with people around them. At times they are very crude
and violent:
towards people/own children/animals. Similar to Lycopodium and Sepia.
Both do not like their children. But in Lycopodium, they don’t like children,
because they don’t
like to take up responsibility. So they remain unmarried. They are
anxious about sexual performance and duties that will be thrust upon them.
Sepia has aversion to children, males and sex.
Along with aggression, other extreme responses like shyness are also
quite obvious. This is so pronounced that they are not able to speak during an
interview.
As they have tremendous sexual appetite, they visit different girls or
prostitutes and may have sexually transmitted diseases (Gonorrhoea).
Suppression of gonorrhoea leads
to the commencement of all the troubles and complications.
Important for mental retardation and poor reaction. Child physically
very weak with enlarged lymphatic glands and catch infections easily. These
infections progress slowly and steadily, remain for a longer duration and take
more time to resolve. The infection can act as a shock to the system and may
have long lasting effects. At the mental level, there could be shock from some
act of the parents. It could be some
kind of hatred, jealousy, negligence and abuse from parents or relatives. The
shock goes very deep into their systems and the child totally withdraws from
the parents.
This withdrawal and hardness can lead to 3 things:
1. They become excessively religious and start feeling that life is
unreal.
2. They develop anxiety.
3. They develop suicidal tendency.
So Medorrhinum becomes an important remedy for suicidal tendency in
young adults.
Degeneration sets in a little early in Medorrhinum. Lost memory for
names and words, even to the extent that they have to ask the names of their
close friends. They begin
a sentence and halfway through, forget what they were going to say.
Time passes too slowly (Arg-n./Cann-i.).
Recent events appear as if had occurred years ago or things done today
feel as if were done a week ago.
Predominantly hurried in nature, a workaholic type who is totally
absorbed in his profession. He starts thinking that people are very slow and that
people must hurry all the time. Right from childhood, they have fear of dark;
fear that somebody is behind him and fear of monsters around him.
Anxiety that something will happen all the time. Anxiety about imaginary
things.
Anxiety of losing fortune and fear that he/she will say some things
wrong.
Anxiety expressed by biting nails of fingers and toes (bites his own toe
nails).
Patient sad with weeping tendency (as in Puls.). But Medorrhinum is a
very important remedy where patient cannot express his symptoms without
weeping.
Weeping > sadness.
Like Syphilinum, Medorrhinum is also an important remedy where
patient wants to wash hands repeatedly.
Predominantly hot. Always searches for a cold place. Even the child rolls out of the bed and rolls
on the ground is search of a cold spot. They do not like their feet covered.
> Uncovering. Desires: a fast fan; < in the sun. Craving for ice
and cold drinks. Easily exhausted, both at mental and physical level.
[J.T. Kent - Lectures on homoepathic materia medica]
Children: One of the many uses of this remedy is in the inherited
complaints of children.
Obstinate cases in children. The infant soon emaciates and becomes
marasmic, or a child becomes asthmatic, or suffers with vicious catarrh of nose
or eyelids, or has ringworm on the scalp or
face, or is dwarfed; and after some waste of time it comes to mind that
the father was treated for gonorrhea that was obstinate and perhaps had
condylomata on the genitalia.
This remedy will cure, or begin the recovery. The woman married several
years desires to become a mother. She was healthy when she married, but now she
has ovarian pains, menstrual troubles, she has lost all sexual response, is
growing pale and waxy, and becoming violently sensitive and nervous.
The husband's history gives the cause, and this remedy will cure. The
pale waxy young men, who crave stimulants and tobacco, who are sensitive to
drafts, become stiff after exertion and walking, who perspire easily and are
extremely sensitive to cold, who have never been well since having a gonorrhea
cured by injections.
Rheumatic symptoms: in every part of the body. Some symptoms are < in
the daytime.
The usual comparison with Syphilinum, which reads,
"Med. in daytime and Syph. at night," does not hold good as a
sweeping statement. It is true that many Syph. pains are < nights.
It is true that some sycotic and Medorrhinum symptoms are < daytimes.
It is also true that many sycotic symptoms are violent day and night. It is
also true that the mental symptoms of Med. are most violent at night. It will
not do to be too sweeping with circumstances of this nosode.
The rheumatic inflammations are < from motion, but where swelling is
not present these patients act like Rhus-t.; sensitive to cold, suffer from
aching and torturesome pains, and find relief only in motion - like Rhus-t.
Most sycotic patients suffer from cold, some are sensitive to heat.
Sore, bruised and lame, as if he had taken a deep cold and was coming
down with a fever. Pain come on with a feeling of general tension. Obstinate
cases of rheumatism. Losing flesh. Walks stooped, becoming clumsy. Stumbles.
Looks as if he were going into quick consumption. Intense nervous sensibility,
respecting touch of garment or a lock of hair by any one not en rapport.
Trembling and quivering; growing steadily weaker. Intense formication
all over the body. Starts from the slightest noise. Feels faint and wants to be
fanned, Wants open air. Cold and pulseless, with cold sweat.
Oedema of the limbs with great soreness and dropsy of serous sacs.
Externally sensitive to cold damp weather. Subject to neuralgias. Stitching,
tearing pains. The pains are ameliorated by heat. Drawing pains in back and
limbs. The patient is extremely sensitive to pain. The remedy should never be
used low.
Mind: Forgetful of facts, figures and names; of
what he has read.
Makes mistakes in writing, of spelling, and words. Time move too slowly;
everybody moves too slowly. He is in a constant hurry, in such a hurry that he
gets out of breath. She is in such a hurry that she feels faint. Confusion of
mind, dazed; fear of sensation; loses the idea when speaking. Great difficulty
in stating her symptoms, loses herself and must be asked over again.
Thinks some one is behind her; hears whispering. Sees faces that peer at
her from behind the furniture (Phos.). Everything seems unreal (Alum.).
Wild desperate feeling as if incipient insanity. Weeps when talking.
Exhilaration in evening. Changeable state of mind; one moment sad, the next mirthful.
Presentiment of death. Frightened sensation on waking as if something dreadful
had happened. Fear of the dark. Anxiety about her salvation.
Vertigo: stooping; > lying; < from motion. Fear
of falling.
Head: Wandering neuralgia of head, < in cold damp
weather.
Sharp pains come and go suddenly. No part of head is free from pain.
Pain < from light/coughing. Burning pains deep inside (brain). Extreme
tension of scalp. Band across forehead.
Pain in occiput and nape, aggravated on motion. Intense itching of
scalp. Herpetic eruptions on scalp; ringworm. Copious dandruff. Hair dry and
crispy.
Eyes: Flickering before the eyes.
Vision: Blurred and black or brown spots in the field
of vision. Objects look double, or small. Sees imaginary objects. Eyes feel drawn.
Tension in the muscles. Pain in eyes on turning them.
“As if sand in eyes”. Sensation of sticks. inflammation of conjunctiva
with ulceration of the cornea. Blepharitis with much swelling. Lids stuck
together in the morning. Margins red and excoriated. Ptosis. Smarting of lids.
Eyelashes fall out. Swelling under eyes, as in Bright's disease.
Ears: Impaired hearing and total deafness. Pain
along Eustachian tubes into ears. Crawling in ears. Itching in ears. Stitching
pains in ears.
Hearing: Imagines he hears voices or people in
conversation, At first the hearing is very acute.
Nose: Obstinate nasal catarrh, also post nasal
obstruction with loss of smell.
Mucus, white or yellow. Bleeding from the nose, and bloody nasal
discharge. Nose sensitive to inhaled air. Itching and crawling in nose.
Face: The greenish yellow, waxy, sickly face of the
sycotic patient looks like that of the Ars., but Ars. does not otherwise
correspond to the symptoms, but may be mistaken for it. The skin shines, and is
often covered by blotches and there are fever blisters about the mouth. Herpes
on the face.
Epithelioma of wing of nose, or on lip. Rheumatic pains and stiffness of
face. Swelling of the submaxillary glands.
Mouth: The teeth are always sensitive when chewing.
Taste perverted, and the tongue is foul and white at base. The mouth is
full of canker sores. Ulcers in the mouth and on the tongue.
Breath foul. Stringy mucus in mouth and throat. Mouth dry and feels
burnt. Catarrh of throat, and thick white mucus is constantly drawn from
posterior nares.
Stomach: Ravenous hunger, even after eating.
Unquenchable thirst. Craves stimulants, tobacco, sweets, green fruit,
ice, sour things, oranges, ale, salt. Nausea after eating, and after drinking
water. Vomiting of mucus and bile, Sour and bitter vomiting. Violent retching.
Vomiting without nausea.
Gnawing in stomach, not >
eating/drinking. Trembling in stomach. Clawing in stomach, < drawing up the
knees. Sinking in stomach. Agonizing pains in stomach.
Abdomen:
Liver: Terrible pains in liver.
Grasping pains in liver and spleen. It has cured ascites. Pulsation felt
in abdomen. Pain and swelling of the inguinal glands.
Infants: This remedy has cured many cases of marasmus in infants that
had inherited sycosis from a parent.
Children of a sycotic father are especially subject to attacks of
vomiting and diarrhoea, and emaciation. Resist well selected chronic remedies,
or are only palliated by well selected remedies.
After Med. high they thrive, and remedies act better.
Rectum: Constipation. Can pass stool only by leaning
far back when straining at stool. Inactivity of the rectum.
Stool: Round balls, and hard lumpy stool. Oozing of
moisture at the anus, smelling like fishbrine.
Urine: Scanty, high-colored, strong-smelling urine
in a patient suffering from rheumatic lameness and stiffness.
Extremities: Sensitive to cold, with tenderness of the
soles. In albuminous urine with hyaline casts when the patient is waxy and
there is oedema of feet and ankles, and the soles so tender he can scarcely
walk on them, the skin of soles is bluish and hot; also when the swollen legs
are so sore he cannot have them touched, or endure the pressure
to ascertain whether the swelling will or will not pit on pressure.
In the above conditions Med. will act promptly if there has been
gonorrhoeal history. Inflammation of bladder, prostate gland or kidneys.
Copious mucus in urine.
Renal colic. Parenchymatic inflammation of the kidneys. Copious pale
urine. Frequent urination at night. Loses urine in bed. Inactivity of the
bladder and feeble stream of urine. It has cured many cases of polyuria.
Male genitals: Nocturnal emissions and impotency in young
men who have had gonorrhoea several times, especially if treated by injections.
Prolonged gleety discharge with rheumatic symptoms and declining health.
For gonorrhoeal rheuma it is a most important remedy. It controls the rheumatic
symptoms
and restores the discharge. Induration of testes, and pain in the
spermatic cords. Burning in scrotum and hips during menses.
Pain in left spermatic cord, left sciatic nerve and lumbago from every
exposure to a draft in one who suffered from gonorrhoea several years ago and
was cured by Med. 10 M. at long intervals.
Female genitals: Chronic pain in ovarian region. Sterility.
Painful menstruation. Obstinate leucorrhoea. Enlarged ovaries. Violent itching
of vulva and vagina. Profuse menses.
Drawing in sacrum “As if menses would come on”, Cutting like knives in
whole pelvic region.
Respiration: is difficult. Suffocation and short breath on
slight exertion. Asthma in children of sycotic parents. Spasms of the glottis
with clucking in the larynx; air expelled with difficulty, but inhaled with
ease. Several cases of asthma have been cured by this remedy. Dryness of the larynx
causes spasms and cough on falling asleep.
Most obstinate catarrh of air passages with copious viscid expectoration
has been cured by this remedy. Cannot cough deep enough to reach the phlegm.
Cough > lying on the abdomen, < at night. The expectoration. is yellow,
white or green, viscid, difficult to raise. Cough < in a warm room.
Many of the patients that need this remedy look sick, pale, and walk
stooped as if about to go into phthisis. Dry cough, with rattling in chest.
Great heat, even burning in chest. Many pains in chest. Rheumatic, sharp pains
through chest on exposure to damp cold air.
When patients who have suffered from gonorrhoea seem to be taking on a
phtisical complex of symptoms and the paucity of individualizing symptoms makes
the remedy doubtful, this remedy will bring better reaction, and sometimes be
the remedy for many months.
Chest: Intense pain in chest on coughing. Sensation
of coldness in chest and mammae. Stitching pain in chest. The chest is sore to
touch, < by the motion of breathing.
The heart manifests all the symptoms usual to rheumatic constitutions.
Dysponea; fluttering heart; palpitation. Pain: acute, cutting, stitching; <
motion. Burning in heart, ext.
[David Little]
An in-depth look at the nosode Medorrhinum.
Hahnemann’s archetypal remedies for sycosis were Thuja and Nitricum
Acidum. Constantine Hering made the first suggestion that the gonorrhoeal
discharge could be used
as a medicine in 1833. In the same year Hahnemann used a remedy he
called Franksches Tripper Ison, which was a nosode made from “French”
gonorrhoea. The nosode was proven by Swan and studied by a number of homœopaths
in the USA. H.C. Allen names Ren Dell, C.H. Allen, Finch, Norton, Frost,
Farrington, Cleveland, Laura Morgan, Berridge, Wilder, Higgins, Ostrom,
Nichols, Peace, Sawyer, Carr and Bigler. Its symptoms are well proven and
clinically confirmed. Medorrhinum is obtained from purulent urethral secretion
taken during the discharge from patients who are otherwise healthy and have not
been treated by antibiotics or sulfanilamide. The presence of Neisseria
Gonorrheae is confirmed by microscope and Gram tests. The nosode stock is a
natural complex not a simple laboratory culture of gonococcus.
Nosode family: Anthr., Ba-sv., Ba-tn., Bac., Bac-7., Bac-10., Bac-ts.,
Bcg., Brucel., Botul., Carc., Coccal., Coli., Diph., Dys-co., Gaert., Hippoz.,
Influ., Leprom, Leptospira, Lyss., Maland., Malar., Med., Methan., Morb.,
Morg., Morg-g., Mut., Oscilloc., Parat., Parot., Pert., Pneu., Prot., Psor.,
Pyrog., Scir., Staphyl., Streptococ., Syc-co., Syph.,
Tub., Tub-a., Tub-d., Tub-k., Tub-lar., Tub-m., Tub-r., Tub-sp., V-a-b.,
Vac., Vario. Complements: calc-f., sulph., syph., thuj.
Images and Archetypes
The abused Daughter; defensive Amazon; clairvoyant, superstitious
Medium; warring Hero; secret affairs; night people; walk on the wild side;
someone is behind him; faces everywhere; everything is unreal; guilty of a
crime or sin; secrets; sex and sexuality; cares not about going to heaven or
hell.
Well Adapted To
The phlegmatic temperament. Useful for constitutional effects of
mal-treated and suppressed gonorrhoea, when the best-selected remedies fail to
relieve or permanently improve. For persons suffering from gout, rheumatism,
neuralgia and diseases of the spinal cord and its membranes, even organic
lesions ending in paralysis, which can be traced to a sycotic origin. For
women, with chronic ovaritis, salpingitis, pelvic cellulitis, fibroids, cysts,
and other morbid growths of the uterus and ovaries, esp. if symptoms point to
malignancy, with or without sycotic origin. Children, pale, sour smelling,
rachitic; dwarfed, and stunted in growth; mentally, dull and weak.
Suited To
The obsessive compulsive, passive aggressive, avoidant, paranoid, antisocial,
addictive, borderline, schizoid personality disorders.
Miasms
Sycosis, pseudopsora Tuberkulin, syphilis, vaccinosis, hepatitis,
lymphosis, HIV/AIDS and cancer diathesis. For scirrhus, carcinoma or cancer,
either acute or chronic in development when the symptoms correspond and a
history of sycosis can be traced. This miasm is a potent precursor to cancer
diathesis.
Affections from excitement, anticipation, foreboding, presentiment,
stage-fright; bad news, admonition, admonition in children, reproaches,
rudeness of others, contradiction, mental work, writing. Medorrhinum is born
with strong sexual urges and curiosity that can be taken advantage of by others
or repressed by puritanical parents. If taken advantage of they may abuse other
children. If repressed they will feel guilty and dirty for their sexual
feelings. Ailments from being exposed to adult sexuality too early,
child abuse, incest, rape, pornography, adult magazines, etc. Suppressed
gonorrhoea.
Mind
Mood affective disorders; depression, mania, manic-depressive bipolar
states and melancholia. Obsessive compulsive, hysterical, anxiety and phobic
neurosis. Paranoid disorders. Schizophrenia. Multiple personality disorder.
Inferiority complex. Oedipal-Electra complex. Psychosexual disorders;
nymphomania, satyriasis, sado-masochism. Deranged oral, anal, urethral and
genital activations. Issues round homosexuality. Homicidal tendencies; sudden
impulses to kill. Suicidal disposition; at night; at night,
gets up and takes his pistol; thought of; on waking; by shooting.
Autism. Retarded children. Learning disabilities. Attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder.
The Persona of Medorrhinum is an intense, driven, passionate,
adventure-seeking personality that possesses a vast amount of personal magnetism
and charm. They can be very sensitive, insightful and sympathetic to the point
of being clairvoyant. Hering wrote in his Guiding Symptoms: “Is always
anticipating, feels most matters sensitively before they occur and generally
correctly.” They seem to know what they want in life and will strive forward to
attain their goals. They work hard and play hard and look out for themselves to
the point they may appear self-centered. After a normal day of work is finished
they like to go out on the town, and visit places where there is an opportunity
to openly express their strong sensuality. They are celebratory, festive
persons who enjoy an active nightlife and like to walk on the “wild side” and
have desire for that which is normally forbidden. They are erotic people who
will put on a good show if it helps them succeed in their sexual conquests. If
you meet them at night they seem kind, cheerful, playful and exhilarated but
the next day they are irritable, impatient, hurried and suspicious. They act as
if a new lover is the most special person in the world at night and the next
morning they don’t really want anything to do with them. Hering wrote in his
Guiding Symptoms: “Cross all the day, exhilarated at night, wants to play.”
Medorrhinum is a remedy of extremes as the Persona and Shadow seem to be
in competition for ascendency. When they are “up” they seem dynamic,
passionate, perceptive, caring and loving so that they captivate those around
them. When they are “down” they are possessive, selfish, cruel and emotionally
inhibited. Within the psyche of the Medorrhinum Eros and Thanatos are wrestling
for control of the Ego. This makes for a mixture of pleasure and pain in a
manner that can become abusive and sadomasochistic. The sexual libido is very
strong and hard for them to control. H.C. Allen wrote in his Materia Medica of
Nosodes: “Intense and frequent erections day and night.”
A woman is strongly affected by her sexual desire, especially after
monthly periods. Allen again: “Great sexual desire after menses, in a single
woman.”
The patient may have been physically and sexually abused at a young age,
which they either kept secret or have totally repressed so they don’t remember
the incident.
They may take part in dangerous sexual practices like erotic asphyxiation,
etc. The patient often lives a secret life in which they wear a mask of
respectability during the daytime and at night they may involve themselves in
indecencies. They live by the idea that what others don’t know can’t hurt them.
They don’t let persons get too close to them because they fear that their
secrets will be revealed and everyone will see them for who they are.
Medorrhinum always thinks there is something going on behind their backs or
someone is watching or spying on them. Because of their superstitious nature
everything is taken as a sign or omen, and they may change their activities
accordingly, not out of knowledge, but out of fear.
The Medorrhinum patient is very nervous and they become very restless
and full of anxiety (anticipating an engagement or when a time is set). Their
fearful nature leads to complaints from anticipation. The patient is in such a
big hurry that time always seems to go too slow. Medorrhinum has persistent
ideas, alternating states or erratic behavior, and they may be impulsive,
abrupt or rude. They have many ideas but are uncertain in execution or often
non-committal. There is great internal restlessness, which manifests as biting
the nails and the “restless leg syndrome”. Like Syphilinum they feel tainted
and are compulsive hand washers.
The Medorrhinum female, or a man with a strong Anima often finds
themselves weeping, which > their symptoms. She cries when telling others
about her discomfort and when they are spoken to. Men, and some women with a
strong Animus, will tend to repress their emotions by holding back the tears
and building a hard wall around their emotions. When Medorrhinum can’t express
their emotions it leads to a wild desperate feeling as if they are going
insane. There is a hard heartedness or cruelty that especially comes out in the
treatment of children or animals. The patient’s moods alternate and they suffer
despair of recovery and have anxiety about salvation. They reproach themselves
for what is happening to them and they feel guilty.
[Hering] “Feeling as if he had committed the unpardonable sin and was
going to hell.”
As the patient begins to decline more noticeably there is a great lack
of confidence. It is very difficult for such persons to open up and share their
hopes, fears and past experiences. This fear and insecurity is increased as
their concentration is becoming difficult and their memory is becoming weak. At
first it is just for proper names, or things they have just read, or what they
have just said or forgetful of words while speaking. Hering wrote: “In
conversation he would occasionally stop, and on resuming make remark that he
could not think what word he wanted to use.” The patient may suffer from
complete failure of memory and intellect. They become so forgetful that they
can’t remember the simplest things. Hering listed the following symptoms:
“Entirely forgot what she had read, even previous line. Forgetfulness of names,
words and initial letters. Cannot remember names; has to ask name of her most
intimate friend; forgets her own.” They are so confused they confound the
present with the past and make mistakes in time.
This state becomes so bad it leads to imbecility, dullness and transient
unconsciousness. They can no longer tell reality from illusion and life feels
like a nightmare. Hering again: “Sensation as if all life was unreal, like a
dream.” Now their feelings of guilt give way to religious despair and feeling
damned. The patient is always anticipating, fearing evil will happen, loss of
reason or suicide. It fears it has committed the unpardonable sin, and cares
little for the result, because of the seething, restless, uneasy, unbalanced
nerves. Feeling of desperation; did not care if he went to heaven or hell. They
become suicidal and want to kill themselves by shooting. Hering wrote:
“Tendency to suicide; gets up in night and takes his pistol, but his wife
prevents him.” If his wife did not prevent him, he may have completed the task.
Babies who need Medorrhinum often fail to thrive and look pale,
malnourished, and suffer with eczema, catarrhal discharges and asthma. Their
discharges are sour or fishy smelling. They often have a bright red diaper rash
that looks like a scald. This is often because their urine is highly acidic. These
babies will always try to roll over on the face
or stomach because it makes them feel better. Young children will get in
knee-elbow position and rock back and forth, sometimes violently. They will
sleep with their buttocks in the air and their face down on the pillow. Their
legs and feet are in constant motion and they are always wiggling and
squirming, especially at night. Then they throw the covers off because their
feet burn. Some have behavioral problems and will be very aggressive toward
other children. They are prone to violent temper tantrums and will strike, kick
and bite. They may either love or hate animals and be very cruel to them. They
are very sexual and will play with their genitals and have incestuous impulses.
This makes them candidates for sexual abuse or if told that touching their
genitals, etc. is dirty they become guilty. The little girls and sensitive boys
are very susceptible to criticism, weep and feel guilty when reprimanded. The
guilt makes them feel shame but the sex sensations gives them pleasure causing
the two states to become mixed leading toward sexual confusion in later life.
The patient has a sensation as if they are overheated in body, heart and
soul. They feel burning with flushes of heat in the face and neck and internal
heat as if the blood was boiling. They feel heat and pains with tensive and
letting go character. There is great tension, constriction, restriction as if
they are caged in wires that are twisted tighter and tighter. They feel pulling
and tugging as if everything is being drawn tight and they must stretch hard to
break free. They feel aching as if there is a dislocation and soreness and
bruising all over the body. There is much quivering with numbness and tingling.
They have a wild and desperate feeling as of incipient insanity. Dazed feeling;
a far off sensation, as though things done today occurred a week ago. These
patients have a core delusion that they are always being watched, followed or
spied on. They see faces everywhere, think someone is behind him, someone is
whispering behind them, etc. This may be a projection of their fears that their
secrets will be revealed to the outside world. They dream about pain and see
dead people, frightful ghosts, etc.
Depression and melancholia; < afternoon; < in company; from a
seemingly harsh word; from music; from pollutions; after sleep; with suicidal
disposition; with vomiting; > weeping. They cannot speak without crying. Is
sure that she is worse, knows she is not going to live, cannot see any improvement,
even when it is pointed out, has no fear of death, speaks calmly about it, and
gives directions as to the disposition of her affairs. Despair, he did not care
whether he went to heaven or hell. Alternation of happiness and gloominess
Mania; for work, industrious. Full of tics and manias; comic,
picturesque, sometimes amusing, often troublesome, interesting to look at but
difficult to live with.
Hysteria; cannot move limbs after waking.
Anxiety; anticipating, anticipating an engagement, when a time is set;
of conscience, about salvation, hypochondriacal, about health, paroxysmal. The
anxiety is felt in the stomach, chest, region of heart. There is anxiety on
waking, < evening.
Fear, paranoia and phobias; in narrow places, claustrophobia; fear of
animals, dogs and cats. Fear of poverty, impending danger, of death, of
impending disease, of contagious epidemics, infection, of cancer, of being
incurable, of paralysis, of suicide. Fear of the unknown, as if something had
happened, something will happen, something terrible, horrible will happen, of
misfortune, of evil, of ghosts. Fear of making a sensation, lest he should say
something wrong, least he should say something wrong, during headache. Fear of
examination. Fear of being alone, of being alone at night, of the dark, from
noise, imagines that someone is behind them, of something creeping out of the
corner, of imaginary things. Fear of her salvation, of being damned. There are
overpowering panic attacks; fear of insanity, of losing his reason. Fear of
suffocation, of suffocations at night. Fear of falling, of water, of large
bodies of water.
Delusions of animals, sees insects, mice, rats, large rats, mice,
insects, etc., running across the room at night. Sees faces looking out of
every corner, sees many faces, sees faces wherever he turns his eyes, or
looking out from corners. Imagines people, someone is behind him, someone is
behind him whispering; talking, with someone behind him; hears footsteps
behind, someone walks behind him. Thinks they are being watched, she is being
watched at night, he is spied on. Saw large people in the room at night; sees
people coming in and looking at her and saying “come”; imagines women by the
bedside; someone touches her head; felt a delicate hand smoothing her head from
front to back.
They hear voices, whispering, someone whispering to him, someone calls
him, talking with dead people.
Imagines he is persecuted, he is pursued, he is pursued by enemies, and
he is poisoned. Delusions of anything having happened, of anything terrible
having happened. Religious delusions, of being doomed, sinned away his day of
grace, he had committed a crime, is going to hell because he has committed an
unpardonable crime.
Thinks he is about to die, the time has come to die. Hears sounds, bells,
when whistling, sound is double, with vibration as if two people whistle
thirds. Thinks business cannot be accomplished. Everything is strange, familiar
things are strange, everything is unreal, far-off. Delusions of fainting,
faintness; he is falling. Time passes too slowly; a far-off sensation, as
though things done today occurred a week ago.
Physical Concomitants
History of sycosis. Often restores gonorrhoeal discharge. Is of service
in the chronic pelvic diseases of women that date from a gonorrhoeal infection.
Useful in obstinate rheumatism, when this obstinacy is due to a latent sycotic
taint. Sleeps in knee-chest position. State of collapse; wants to be fanned all
the time; craves fresh air. Great heat and soreness, with enlargement of
lymphatic glands all over the body. Sore all over, as if bruised. Trembling all
over (subjective); intense nervousness and profound exhaustion and state of
collapse. Time passes too slowly. Many symptoms are worse, when thinking of
them. Is cold and bathed with cold perspiration. Fetid odor of body. Oedema of
limbs; dropsy of serous sacs. Disseminated sclerosis. Pains intolerable,
tensive; nerves quiver and tingle.
Headache of exhaustion, or from hard work. Head feels heavy and is drawn
backwards. Intense burning pain in the brain. Headache, from jarring of ears.
Sensation of tightness and contraction in the head. Feels as if sticks in eyes.
Feels as if she stared at everything. Partial deafness, pulsation in ears.
Chronic nasal and pharyngeal catarrhs. Children with chronic catarrhal
conditions. Nose dirty, tonsils enlarged, thick yellow mucus from nostrils;
lips thickened from mouth breathing. Small boils break out on face during
menses. Tongue coated brown and thick, blistered; canker sores. Throat sore and
swollen; deglutition of either liquids or solids impossible. Throat constantly
filled with thick, gray or bloody mucus from the posterior nares.
Craves stimulants. Desire for ale, ice, colds, oranges and green fruits.
Cravings for liquor, salt, sweets, etc. Ravenous hunger, immediately after
eating. Constant thirst; even in dreams she is drinking. Morning nausea.
Vomiting of pregnancy. Rests more comfortably lying on abdomen. Oozing of fetid
moisture from anus. Can pass stool only by leaning very far back. Sharp, needle-like
pains in the rectum. Intense itching of the anus. Constriction and inertia of
the bowels with ball-like stools. Diarrhoea from jarring of ears. Severe pain
in the renal region (backache), > by profuse urination. Renal colic. Urine
flows very slowly. Nocturnal enuresis. Painful tenesmus when urinating.
Intense menstrual colic, with drawing up of the knees and terrible
bearing-down (labour-like) pains; must press feet against support, as in labour.
Menses offensive, profuse, dark and clotted; stains difficult to wash out.
Sycotic warts on the female genitals. Metrorrhagia at climacteric; profuse for
weeks; in gushes on moving; with malignant disease of uterus. Sterility.
Breasts and nipples, sore and sensitive to touch. Leucorrhoea thin, acrid,
excoriating and emitting a fishy odour. Gleet; whole urethra feels sore.
Enlarged and painful prostate with frequent urging and painful urination.
Nocturnal emissions: followed by great weakness. Impotence.
Dyspnoea and sense of constriction; can inhale with ease, but no power
to exhale. Incipient tuberculosis. Asthma, only > by lying on the face and
protruding the tongue. Incessant, dry night cough. Cough, > from lying on
the stomach. Sputa viscid, difficult to raise. Larynx feels sore. Lower limbs
ache all night, preventing sleep. Burning of hands and feet; wants them
uncovered and fanned. Sweat easy; towards morning. Burning heat, with sweat;
wants to uncover, but is chilled thereby. Skin cold, yet throws off covers.
Fiery red rash about anus in babies, “the water scalds it terribly.” Small
pedunculated warts, with pin-heads, like small button mushrooms, on various
parts of body and thigh.
Grand Sensations
Faintness, fainting, faintness especially during urination, emptiness,
hollow, loose, hanging down loose suspended, collapse, activity increased, hot
blooded, burning, burning in blood vessels, flushes of heat, flushes of heat
alternating with chills, burning with flushes of heat in face and neck, internal
heat as if blood were boiling hot in veins, heat and pains with tensive and
letting go character, throbbing, pulsations, constricted, caged with wires
twisted tighter and tighter, spasms, convulsions, drawing, drawn tight,
heavy-drawing-wandering, pulling, stiff, tension, tightness, tight band,
stretching, must stretch, boring, grinding, grating, aching, dislocated, sore
and bruised all over body, sharp, shooting, sharp or dull quick, darting, quick
darting, stitching, tearing, neuralgic, radiating, itching, tingling,
prickling, formication, crawling, numbness, insensibility, quivering, numbness
with quivering, tingling with quivering, trembling, draft of air as if fanned,
cold wind, draft, pain appearing suddenly and disappearing gradually.
Sensations As If
As if she stared at everything; as if intoxicated; as if occiput was
enlarged; as of a tight band across forehead; as if front half of brain would
come through forehead; as if skin was drawn tight across forehead; as if a tube
went through head; as of three points of tension in head, as if large cords
were drawn to each; as if head had been struck; as of a cool wind blowing in
eyes; as if parchment was drawn over ear; as from a worm, about an inch long,
crawling in right, and as if it commenced boring in the anterior wall of the
auditory canal; as of a centipede crawling in left nostril; in throat as if she
had taken a severe cold; as of a paper of pins in pit of stomach that seemed to
force themselves through flesh; beating as of a pulse in abdomen; sensation in
liver as if caused by icy cold insects with claws; creeping chills in region of
right kidney; as of bubbles, sensation of three in the right kidney, moving
like bubbles in water causing faintness; as if caused by icy cold insects with
claws; after urinating, a feeling as if something more remained in urethra; as
if a sac was distended in left ovary and if pressed would burst; as if she must
press ovary; cutting as if with knives in pelvic region; bronchial tubes appear
to be very much enlarged and cough spasm causes a flabby feeling as if the
lining membrane was a loose fold of tissue; as if lung was drawn up in hand and
let loose; as of a lump in larynx; as if lining of larynx and pharynx was torn
off; chest as if painfully contracted, filled with burning air, which dilated
in puffs in all directions; as if thorax was too full; as if heart was swollen;
as of water dropping out of a bottle in lumbar region; pains in shoulders as if
bones would be crushed; pricking in left little finger as if asleep; as if a
boil was coming on back of hand; as of creeping things throughout body; as if
blood was boiling hot in veins; sore all over as if bruised; as if all bones
were out of joint; as if she would have nightmare.
< : Daytime/from sunrise to sunset; early morning (3 h. - 4 h.);
damp, cold; in closed room; after urinating; touch, even slight; when thinking
of ailment; from heat; from covering; warmth of bed; in the sun; inland and
mountains; before storms; during thunderstorm; wind; from least movement;
stretching out; leaning head forward; motion, beginning of and during; sweets;
salt bathing;
>: At the seashore; dampness; damp weather; lying on face or stomach;
knee-elbow position; bending backward; motion, continued; fresh air; being
fanned; hard rubbing; clutching anything; uncovering; sunset; weeping;
Back: "Lame back" is the common complaint
of these patients.
It is generally a lumbago, or it is a lumbo-sacral pain, and often
extends into the lower limbs. Crural or sciatic pains. Drawing in nape and
back. Pain across the back, from
l. to r. shoulder. Great heat in the upper part of spine. Stiffness in
the back on rising, or beginning to move. Pains all < in cold damp weather.
Tender spine, soreness in region of kidneys.
Extremities: Chronic rheumatic pains in limbs in cold damp
weather. Lame and stiff. Stitching pains all over the body, and in limbs. Sharp
pains. SENsitive to pain, and feels pain as sharp and stitching. Some of the
pains come on during motion, and some > continued motion. Cold extremities.
Burning palms and soles, Trembling of the limbs. Rheumatic pains in shoulders
< motion.
Numbness of arms and hands, < left. Trembling hands and arms. Burning
palms, wants them fanned. Right hand cold, then left. Cold hands. Heat and
numbness of back of hands.
Trembling weakness and numbness of lower limbs. Awkwardness of legs,
they do not go where they are willed to go. Numbness of thighs. Must stretch
the lower limbs constantly. Drawing pains and tension in legs. Rheumatic pains.
Stiffness and soreness in flesh and periosteum. Shooting up the legs during a
thunderstorm.
Restless legs, must move them constantly. Aching, drawing in legs and
thighs, in sciatic and crural nerves, > continued motion. Legs numb and heavy,
like wood. Legs cold
up to the knees.
Contraction of muscles of posterior part of thigh down to knee. Cramps
in soles and calves. Weak ankles. Burning feet, wants them uncovered and
fanned. Legs swollen to knees, and pit upon pressure. Sore bruised legs, ankles
and soles. Soles sore and bruised, look blue. He cannot walk on the soles.
Swelling and itching of the soles. It cures the tenderness in the soles so
common in chronic gonorrhoeal rheumatism. Tenderness of soles so that be had to
walk on his knees. Cold sweaty feet.
Sleep: Can sleep only on the back with bands over
head.
Sleeps on her knees with face forced into the pillow. Terrible dreams of
ghosts and dead people; she dreads the nights.
Sleepy but cannot sleep. Sleepless part of the night. Copious night sweats.
Medhorrinum
Kind Anhang
Vorwort/Suchen Zeichen/Abkürzungen Impressum