Urolophus halleri (Urol-h) = Round Stingray
= Sep. - ähnlich;
Vergiftung: Local trauma (from the cut itself): 1.
Pain/swelling/muscle cramps from the venom, 2. possible later infection from bacteria.
Poisoning/punctures/severed arteries. Sometimes death; Pain (can last up to 48
hours)/= most severe in the first 30 – 60 min./may be accompanied by
nausea/fatigue/headaches/fever/chills;
Stingray
venom: Low concentrations cause EKG changes of increased PR intervals
associated with bradycardia. First degree AV block may occur with mild
hypotension.
Larger
doses produce vasoconstriction, 2nd and 3rd degree AV block and signs of
cardiac ischemia. Most cardiac changes are reversible within 24 hours. Some
degree of respiratory depression is also noted and convulsions may also occur.
A.
Localized effects: The pain is immediate and severe, increasing over 1-2 hours
and easing after 6-10 hours. Pain is constant, pulsating or lancinating.
Bleeding may be profuse. The area is quite swollen and pale with a bluish rim,
centimeters in width, spreading around the wound after an hour. Local necrosis,
ulceration and secondary infection are common. Osteomyelitis can occur and
amputation has been known to be necessary.
B.
Generalized Effects: venom associated with anorexia, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, frequent urination and salivation. There may be extension of pain to
the area of lymphatic drainage. Muscular cramps, tremors, paralysis of the
affected limb, fainting, palpitations, hypotension, heart rate irregularities,
difficulty breathing, cough, pain on inspiration; fever at night with copious
sweating, nervous, confusion or delirium are also known to occur. Symptoms may
persist for weeks to months after an injury including a dull ache and swelling
which is better on elevation. Fatalities occur either immediately or within 2
weeks if the spine punctures important body cavities;
Marjorie
Blackie: sallow, usually dark and they have rather heavy rings around their
eyes. Look tired, are chilly, yet at the same time cannot stand a stuffy room.
Sensitive to all weather change, but as a rule can stand real heat. Again, they
tell you of their need to sleep, how many hours
they need,
how they must have it or else they are no good at all.
They get a
slight headache as with Medus., like a Sepia headache, but even duller. It
usually starts in the morning, strangely enough is usually > evening, and
< noise or jarring, rather like Sepia although to a much lesser degree. One
of these patients, the best case I had seen, was a dark, tall, rather tired
looking man who used to faint if he had to stand for long. He found it
humiliating when he had fainted at two cocktail parties where he had to stand
for a long time. He asked if I would give him something to stop him doing that.
He had a headache and said that when it came it lasted more or less all day but
was always better in the evening. These patients also tend to be a bit
sensitive to tobacco smoke and I think that this is why he had fainted.
In one
year, just after using Sting Ray the first time, I had two soldiers who fainted
continually (standing for an injection). Both of them had fainted half a dozen
times each
within the
last so many weeks. They had had a lot of injections and had had to stand for
rather long. One of them had taken part in the Queen’s birthday parade and had
fainted. He had been held
up between
two other soldiers who had held him on his feet until he came round again, but
he felt frightful. Both these men did well on Sting Ray and neither of them
ever fainted again.
I never
inject a man standing up. Although I can inject any number of women standing
up, I find I can get a man who faints and feel that they are safer sitting
down.
In women,
you think the patient must be Sepia. They come in looking pale and drugged and
very tired, with rather dark rings. You think they are going to be Sepia, but
their chief complaint is of lower backache and gradually they tell you (and
Sepia of course also tells you) that it always improves if walking about. A
Sepia backache goes if the patient walks about. With Sting Ray it does not come
back, but in Sepia it always comes back when they sit.
This type
of patient also gets quite a lot of palpitation, the men as well as the women.
If the men have a tendency to faint, they think their palpitation has something
to do with it. The woman gets palpitation quite a lot but forgets it again if
she is walking. The history is typically that if she gets bad palpitation, and
has to go out because she has a very busy morning, by the time she comes
back form
shopping it is gone, which surprises her very much but which is a good symptom.
They are
rather tired-out patients, but in no way so despairing or such martyrs as
Sepia. Sepia can be real martyrs if they go on getting tired out and have a lot
to worry them (when they have to
look after
various members of the family and will not accept any help that is offered to
them). Sting Ray patients are much less like this, but they do get rather hopeless.
Stearns
gives these indications for Stingray [Hom. Recorder Jan. 1937]:
Two cases
of boils on the nape were cured by high potencies of the sting-ray; the relief
from pain occurred within a
half-hour
and resolution was well advanced in 24 hours. A case of gall-bladder infection
was quickly relieved of distress and all symptoms cleared up within 3 days.
Where, in boils, indications are not plain for any remedy, one is justified in
giving Stingray.
Stingray
Proving Themes
1. Confusion/forgetfulness/poor memory:
2.
Suspiciousness/betrayal/injustice/humiliation:
3. Disconnected/disintegration:
4. Ex boyfriends/Old acquaintances:
5. Alone:
6. Confusion between dream and reality:
7. Psychic abilities:
8. Floating/Flying:
9. Sexuality:
10. Weddings/Reunions:
11. Motherhood:
12. Home/homelessness:
13. Animals:
14. Water:
15. Explosive violence:
16. Shabby:
17. Lost:
18. Lots of money
19. Three
Stingray
Summary
One of the
central feelings that arose from the proving was that of betrayal. This came up
mostly in the form of relationships. The reaction to this is one of
suspiciousness, the feeling of injustice
and even
violence.
One prover
described it as “I hear from an old boyfriend - my first love - he comes to see
me and I meet him in an Italian restaurant - immediately all the love I felt
for him and the passion develops all over again - I tell him that and try to
kiss him and he puts me off - he is not interested - I get very upset and tell
him I don’t want to lose him again - again I plead with him not to go - I felt
totally closed out and abandoned - he is very cold and this makes me even more
desperate - I am churning inside, begging him to stay - I feel as if every atom
of me will fly away
and shatter
me into pieces - I become enraged, take an axe and kill him - I shatter him
into blood pieces - I am overcome with rage and want to go after his mother and
girlfriend“.
With the
violence there was no feeling. One prover had a dream in which “two men tried
to rape me and I killed them with a broom - there was no feeling“. This relates
to the feeling of disconnection in the proving.
There was a
dilemma between nurturing and connection vs betrayal. One prover dreamt that
she was in a classroom with a bear and the teacher and other students were
animals - the teacher was
at first
nurturing but then became impatient and angry.
There was
strong disinterest in others followed by great interest in old boyfriends who
suddenly became very important. One prover described a dream where “I made several
phone calls to an
old
boyfriend in England - I press for some kind of response and he says I wonder
how it is that you weren’t interested in hearing from me in 20 years and now
you can’t wait to get a call or letter“.
The theme
of reunions and weddings was quite strong. It recalls the female stingray who
separates from the males for most of the year and lives a solitary existence.
She returns to mate briefly
on an
annual basis. The reunions for stingrays are only for sexual purposes. The weddings
in the provings were not going smoothly - there was a quality of shabbiness.
One prover had a dream where her daughter was sexually tortured on her wedding
night.
The theme
of betrayal also arises around theft. This was best illustrated by one prover
who had something stolen and said “stealing makes your heart dirty“.
The theme
of sexuality was also quite strong. This is a typical theme of animal remedies.
The sexuality in this remedy was focused around illicit sex and homosexuality.
There was also confusion about sexuality.
In
addition, there was a strong theme of rape. Provers saw sexuality as torture in
several dreams. The female stingray is often abused with many scars by the male
stingray. The reverse side of this came out in one male prover who saw women as
very powerful and in control of everything. The theme of water, floating and
flying recalls the motion and movement of the stingray. Stingrays are known for
leaping out of the water, an image that came up in several of the dreams. In addition,
the image of babies floating in the water is consonant with the reproductive
cycle of the animal.
The theme
of disconnection was strong. This is similar to the remedy Sepia, although the
disintegration goes beyond this recalling Baptisia. This also took on the form
of confusion. In one prover, the confusion was strong, that she tried to end
the proving early because her dreams felt too real.
The
motherhood theme was strong. For several provers they noted that they felt
pregnant during the proving but without any emotion about it. Several provers
described birthing babies in their dreams and the wish to cocoon in a safe warm
place. There was also a wish to care for others babies.
It may be
useful in fibromyalgia coupled with fatigue. One prover had a substantial
improvement in her fibromyalgia. This continued at the six month follow up.
Another prover had chronic nightmares with spirits being after her of being
lost in her house which resolved with the proving. At a six month follow up
this symptom remained cured.
There is a
focus on the physical level with back problems. Marjorie Blackie notes that
Stingray back problems improves with walking about and now worse with sitting.
Faintness, palpitations, dull headaches and fatigue were also symptoms that came
up in the proving and substantiated my Marjorie Blackie’s work.
One of the
strongest areas effected during the proving was the throat (pain/constriction).
This is true of many of the ocean remedies. There was also a strong tendency
towards diarrhea, especially around 5 h. There was much insomnia in the proving
and several cures of chronic insomnia. Itching was a strong general
characteristic. Then tend to be chilly, although with flushes of heat.
Stingray
can be compared to Sepia, and other ocean remedies. The disconnection, rape
themes and psychic abilities all recall Sepia. Many of the physical and general
rubrics also contain the remedy Sepia;
Repertorium: [Todd Rowe]
Gemüt: Angst (anfallsweise)/Furcht (etwas werde geschehen/vor Schlangen)
Argwöhnisch, misstrauisch
Faul
Gedächtnisschwäche (für Eigennamen)
Gedanken - gewalttätig/unangenehm
Gesellschaft abgeneigt
Gleichgültig, Apathie (gegen andere Personen)
Hast, Eile/Ungeduld
Hellsehen
Konzentration schwierig
Langsam
Milde (erwachend)
Reizbar, gereizt (nachmittags)
Ruhelos
Schreit (im Schlaf)
Mangel an Selbstvertrauen
Spricht mit sich selbst
Stumpf (morgens)
Tadelsüchtig, krittelig
„Wie im Traum“
Traurig (erwachend)
Vergesslich (geht weg und lässt den Einkauf liegen/vergisst bekannte Straßen)
Verwirrt geistig (abends/erwachend/verläuft sich in bekannten Straßen)
Wahnideen [würde nicht anerkannt, geschätzt/sei durchsichtig/schwebt (in der Luft)/Teil des Körpers spricht mit einem anderen/verfolgt zu werden (wegen der Haltung, Einstellung etc.)/sei verloren/sei verraten worden]
Schwindel: < Aufstehen
Kopf drehen o. Bewegen
Kopf: Schmerz [morgens (erwachend)/nachmittags/abends/nachts (nach Mitternacht - 3 h)/dumpf/pulsierend/in Stirn]
Völlegefühl (morgens)
Auge: rot (morgens/abends)
Jucken
Schmerz in Lider (brennend)
Sehen: Verschwommen (morgens)
Ohr: Geräusche im Ohr, Ohrgeräusche - Klingeln/synchron mit dem Puls
Schmerz r./l./Wehtun
„Wie verstopft“
Nase: Katarrh (morgens)
Nasenbluten morgens
Niesen - tagsüber/morgens
Verstopft # Absonderung
Gesicht: Hautausschläge - Akne/Herpes um Lippen/auf Stirn
Mund: Aphthen
Innerer Hals: Angst und Befürchtungen im Hals
„Wie Klumpen“ (< Schlucken)
scharfes Kratzen
Schmerz (r./morgens/nach Aufstoßen/< Einatmen/< kalte Getränke/> warme Getränke/stechend/wund schmerzend)
„Wie geschwollen“
Äußerer Hals: Geschwollene Halsdrüsen
Magen: Appetit vermindert
Durst nachts/DURST
„Wie was Lebendigem darin“
Pulsieren/Rumoren (abends)
Übel < Hustend
Bauch: Auftreibung (abends)/Rumoren, Kollern (< Bewegung)
Schmerz nach Mitternacht (krampfartig)
> nach vorne Beugen (krampfartig)/krampfartig
Rektum: Durchfall (morgens/nach Mitternacht - 4 h - 5 h)
Flatus (bei Durchfall/nach dem Mittagessen)
Unwillkürlicher Stuhl < Abgang von Flatus
Urin: reicht kräftig
Männliche Genitalien: Sexverlangen vermehrt
Weibliche Genitalien: Menses reichlich
Orgasmus nachts
Schmerz in Uterus und Uterusregion nachts < im Bett (abwärtsdrängend, zerrend)
Sexverlangen vermehrt/vermindert
Husten: Morgens (6 - 9 h)/nachts (22 - 6 h)
Bellend/heftig
Heiser/trocken
Brust: Herzklopfen
Schmerz in Mammae („Als ob Milch erscheint“)
Rücken: Schmerz morgens (erwachend/> Liegen/< vor Menses/Wehtun/erstr. Beine/erstr. Hüfte/in Dorsal - /Lumbalregion (morgens)
Glieder: Gefühllos, taub < im Schlaf
Hautausschläge an Hände
Jucken (Hände/Knöchel/Unterarme)
Ruhelose Füße nachts
Schmerz in Füße (schneidend/wund schmerzend/erstr. Zehen)/in Handgelenke (Wehtun)/in Zehen abends (stechend)
Geschwollene Füße/Knöchel
Spannung in Schultern
Zucken in Oberarme
Schlaf: Erwacht nach Mitternacht - 2 h - 4 h/zu früh
Ruhelos
Schlaflos durch Sorgen
Träume: Erotisch/alter Freund/Hochzeit/Männer/Menschen, die er seit Jahren nicht gesehen hat/Mord/Reisen/zu Schweben/Tiere/Wasser
Schweiß: Nachts (22 - 6 h)
Reichlich
Allgemeines: Periodisch/vormittags (9 - 12 h) - 9 h/nachmittags (13 - 18 h)/nach Mitternacht - 3 h
„Wie Glucksen, Blubbern“
„Wie Hitze“/Hitzewallungen/Lebenswärmemangel
Tendenz zur Ohnmacht (morgens)
Speisen und Getränke: Abgeneigt: Fleisch; Verlangt: Fleisch/Gemüse/Obst/Süßigkeiten/Zimt;
Müde (morgens/nachmittags)
Vergleich:
Comparison Sepia + Urolophus halleri
Allerlei:
Ulysses
said to have died from a spear tipped with a stingray spine.
Captain
John Smith, explorer and founder of the first english settlement at
Urol-h. is
a bottom dweller/body often submerged in sand and only detectable by an eye or
two. There can be a sudden swirl of sand and the ray elegantly flies away,
sometimes
very fast with wings gently flapping. They will sometimes swim with divers and
generally are quite gentle.
Its tail is
shorter than its length. There are no dorsal fins. Its back is smooth. The
color is variable but often plain brown with yellow spots and vermiculations.
Its average
length is 13 cm at birth. It grows to a maximum length of 56 cm.
Its habitat
is from Northern California to
The average
depth range is from the intertidal zone to 91 meters.
Typically
there are 1-6 young per litter. Females aggregate in deeper offshore areas than
males. They move into the shallows to mate in late winter. They give birth in 2
- 3 months.
The males
grasp female by the disc margin and flip under her and insert a single clasper.
Mating lasts about five minutes. The rays are ovoviviparous-the lining of the
uterus exudes milk during pregnancy to aid in nourishing the developing embryo.
Their
preferred diet consists of worms, bivalves and crustaceans. The adults bite off
the extended siphons of certain bivalves (clams), protruding from the sand or
mud. They also crush thin and moderately thick shelled clams. They dig large
holes in the mud looking for prey and forage during the day. They are a type of
ambush predator. They remain motionless and let their prey amble
into
striking range.
Stingrays
part of order Elasmobranchs (incl. sharks and rays). All elasmobranchs are
carnivorous. Many are scavengers and have been referred to as the garbage
disposals of the ocean.
Courtship
and mating in elasmobranchs is behaviorally complex and anything but tender.
The male assesses the females reproductive condition by sampling chemical
signals. The male bites the female prior to, and often during copulation. This
helps to hold the female to ensure successful copulation. Males can spend
considerable energy trying to mate with reluctant females. Unreceptive females
will stab males who grasp their fin margin with their tail sting. Persistence
is a necessary attribute for courtship. When a female is receptive, the pair
swims parallel to one another. As the male holds the females fin margin in his
mouth, he will lift her disc, pivot underneath her, and insert a single
clasper. Sometimes several males on the scene will attempt to dislodge the
successful male. During the mating phase, females spend the morning buried in
the shallows often in groups or lie side by side and on top of one another and
form large aggregations called piles. Buried females are apparently trying to
avoid amorous males. The whole reproductive phase lasts several weeks. Females
are noted to mate with many males. Females can die from the wounds and
fatigue of
courtship.
Most of the
year, round stingrays segregate themselves by sex-the females occupying deeper
water than males. In late winter and spring, the females move into the more
shallow water occupied
by males.
Several months later the return to give birth. Males often charge, nip and bite
each other during the mating season. Mature females often have bite wounds from
other males
The eggs
are retained in the oviducts where they hatch, usually from a thin membranous
eggcase and remain until the young are full developed. The embryo absorbs the
yolk early in development and then relies on nutrient rich secretions from the
uterine lining. Females will nudge their abdomens against objects to assist in
giving birth. Manta rays will leap from the water and give birth
when they
impact the surface.
Most
stingrays are solitary and do not travel in schools. They only congregate
during mating season.
Generally
rays are non aggressive. Males are only aggressive during the mating season.
They do protect themselves when stepped on or intruded upon. Round stingrays
can raise their tails and sting above their head in a scorpion like fashion
when approached by a potential predator. They either produce a sword like
laceration or they drive the spine into the limb (most commonly the ankle).
Extraction of the saw shaped spine is very difficult due to the serrations and
retropointed barbs. Local injury causes damaged tissue with hemorrhage and
death of the muscle within the hour and extends for an inch or more around the
injury. Death can occur from penetration of body cavities or from the venom or
both. There average 1500 sting ray injuries in the
Vorwort/Suchen Zeichen/Abkürzungen Impressum