Loxosceles spp.
Vergleich: Siehe: Spinnen
DD.: Aur-met. Nat-s. Sep. Lyc. Lat-m. Spinnengiften. Loxosceles apache. Pyrog. Kali-c. Stram. und Solanaceae.
https://hpathy.com/ask-homeopathy-doctors/why-use-of-2-or-3-remedies-was-advocated-in-lesser-writings-of-boenninghausen-when-most-of-the-homeopaths-favor-the-use-of-single-remedy-at-a-time/
Loxosceles
laeta (Loxo-lo) = violin spider/= Braune Einsiedlerspinne/= Brown
Recluse Spider
Vergiftung: In the more serious L. laeta
envenomation, the diagnostic information from confirmed and probable cases
revealed that the violet-black, blistered then dried, and parchment-like skin
is sloughed usually during the second week post-bite, sometimes revealing even
the underlying muscles and aponeuroses. During the hours or days post-bite,
victims suffer local edema (which increasingly recedes from the violet area)
and particularly strong, insomnia-causing local pains not alleviated by pain
medication (Macchiavello, 1947). Schenone and Prats (1961) noted painful local
edema developing within 1 hour post-bite, spreading extensively from the bite
site and gradually deepening in color.
Systemic signs and symptoms associated with L. laeta envenomation have
included fever, restlessness, nervousness, insomnia, and, infrequently,
darkened urine or hematuria (Macchiavello, 1947; Schenone & Prats, 1961).
As observed in a clinic, the urinary changes tend to develop within 24 hours
post-bite, often accompanied by a steep rise in temperature and leading to
jaundice, cyanosis, dyspnea, anuria, coma, and sometimes death. For example, of
40 patients treated, four suffered viscerocutaneous loxoscelism and one died,
showing gastric erosion (postmortem). Thirty-one of the cases had occurred in
spring and summer in Chile (Schenone & Prats, 1961);
Acute: Bite causes pain (stinging) or
burning in first 10 minutes + itching. The wound takes on a bull's-eye
appearance, with a center blister surrounded by an angry-looking red ring and
then a blanched (white) ring. 2. The blister breaks open, leaving an ulcer that
scabs over. The ulcer can enlarge and involve underlying skin and muscle
tissue. Pain may be severe. A generalized red, itchy rash usually appears in
the first 24 - 48 hours. fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, muscle aches and
hemolytic anemia (a condition where the red blood cells are destroyed). Necrosis
starts after 2 h.
Loxoscelism was first described in the U.S. in 1879 in Tennessee.
Although there are up to 13 different Loxosceles species in North America (11
native and 2 nonnative), Loxosceles reclusa is the species most often involved
in serious envenomation. L. reclusa has a limited habitat that includes the
Southeast United States. In South America, L. laeta, L. intermedia (found in
Brazil and Argentina), and L. gaucho (Brazil) are the three species most often
reported to cause necrotic bites and Systemic.
Negativ:
[JJ Kleber]
Anfangs ehrgeizige arbeitsame, leicht einzelbrödlerische etwas streitsüchtige Menschen, mit fast übermenschlicher Leistungsfähigkeit, auf die man sich verlassen kann;
wenn Leistung zu wenig gewürdigt o. eine ausweglos erscheinende Konfrontation kommt, fühlt sie sich sozial verlassen und es kommt zum plötzlichen Zusammenbruch
mit Erschöpfung in drückend/düster-melancholischer + bedrohlicher (Einsiedler)-Atmosphäre (unausgesprochen/schweigsam).
Unruhig angespannt aber weniger rastlos als andere Spinnen sind Sie im gesunden auch erfolgreich + produktiv, aber meist im Gefühl + Leben isoliert + alleine zu sein
(wenn in Gesellschaft); macht keine Kontakte, verbergt sich eher; sind Beobachter nicht Teilnehmer in allen Situationen (gestörte Verbindung zwischen Intellekt + Gefühl
+ Körper); fühlt sich körperlich nicht schön o. behindert.
Schmerz: stechend/neuralgisch [Kopf/Brust/Rücken (Ischias)].
Oft in Gedanken versunken, selbstbezogen, sozial zurückgezogen (abgekapselt im Kokon/unter der Decke verkriechen); antwortet schweigsam bis trotzig auf Fragen, sehr direkt, (grausam/ätzende) Kritik an anderen; vertragen aber selbst keine Kritik, dann schnell aggressiv; ehrgeizig, misstrauisch; desinteressiert an und gelangweilt von
allem (bis dunkle Depression mit Suizidgedanken) haben sie Spaß an nichts, versuchen der Situation zu entfliehen; nicht so ruhelos wie andere Spinnen, aber immer noch schwieriger Schlaf wegen Ruhelosigkeit. Zarte, empfindliche und Sentimentale Seite kann nicht ausgedrückt werden.
Im Endstadium morbide Interessen und Gedanken von Suizid, Mord, Sadomasochismus, schwarze Magie und Teufel.
Frostig/ Hände sind kalt + taub/bei Verletzungen > Wärme
Chronisches Erschöpfungssyndrom, schwere Depressionen, Anorexie, suizidale + mordlustige Neigungen; Fibromyalgiesyndrom, nach unten schießender Sakral-Ischias.
Allerlei: Vermeidet das Licht, Vorkommen in trockenen warmen Gebieten (ursprünglich US) tagsüber in trockenen Nischen (auch im Haus); Nest ist eine dicht gesponnene Seiden-Höhle; Nächtlich aktive Jäger am Boden im freien Gelände.
[Dr. Akshata S. Halladamal]
Gertsch and Mulaik were first to describe this brown spider in 1940.
This remedy was first proved in homoeopathy by Dr.Louis Klein in 1997-1998 by
conducting provings with the double-blind trial method. The remedy is now
recognized as Brown Recluse with necrotic venom.
Dr. Klein decided to prove this remedy after many homoeopathic
practitioners and veterinarians requested it. Numerous brown recluse spider
bites were being reported in certain parts of North America, not only in humans
but also in animals. Some of these cases ended in severe illness and even
death.
Description of the spider :
This spider is found mostly in south central U.S., belonging to class-
Arachnida and family-Sicarridae. The coloris dark chocolate or mahogany brown.
It consists of 6 eyes (unlike other spiders that have 8 eyes) arranged in pairs
with one medial and two lateral pairs. It measures about 7-12 mm in length and
4-6 mm in diameter. It has an oval
body with four long, thin legs on each side of the cephalothorax. Both
body and legs are covered by short hairs invisible to the naked eyes. They are
seen mostly in dry areas, indoors or outdoors, garages, closets of homes, under
rocks, decaying logs etc.
Parts used for homeopathic preparation: Venom of the spider.
Behaviour of the spider:
The brown recluse is shy and avoids light. These habits all support
naming this brown spider the recluse. It is thought to bite only in
self-defense. It is not an aggressive spider and will not attack unless
cornered or molested. These spiders move very slowly, with great caution but
when they attack, they are extremely quick, their legs begin to vibrate, and
they withdraw slightly, and then jump. It is nocturnal, moving freely in search
of its prey which is an important aspect of its behavior as the bites commonly
occur at night. In terms of mating behavior the initial contact between 2
spiders is likely to be theresult of chance. Once they have become aware of
each other, they either freeze or flee.
On mating either the female kills the male spider or the male gives the
female a non-fatal bite.
Effects of spider bite:
The venom of this spider contains phopholipase, sphinomyelinase-D, which
components are involved in cell lysis. The bite from these spiders results in a
dermo-necrotic lesion which is difficult to heal. The spider injects only a few
tenths of a microlitre of venom. The bite is found to be unpainfull initially
and painful and itchy within 2-8 hours.
The immediate reaction is transient erythema followed by a mottled
appearance of the skin. Within 24 hours this zone of erythema becomes an
irregular zone of necrosis ranging from a few centimeters to 30cm and soon
ulceration of the wound takes place. If the venom injected is less in quantity
no necrosis takes place.
Major Symptoms produced during its proving:
Mind: Feeling of hopelessness, despair, isolation-
feels alone even when with others. Anger with rage and quick repentance.
suicidal thoughts-wants to kill himself.
Desire to escape. Fear of animals, bats and dark. Industrious- mania for
work. Hallucinations ‘I felt I could die’. Insomnia, negative at best (child).
Head: Frontal headache with burning sensation.
Eyes: Blackened, dilatation of pupils, redness and
yellowness of eyes with burning and stinging sensation.
Ears: Pain worse from cold.
Gastrointestinal: Cyanosis of lips, difficulty swallowing,
severe cramps, diarrhea with cramping pain before stools. Prefers to drink
small amounts of water, which is promptly vomited. But there is intense thirst,
forcing patient to drink at least four litres per day.
Chest: Heart – Consciousness of heart palpitations.
Pulse with poor volume.
Pains– Stitching, stabbing and stinging types of pain.
Sexual organs: Uterine neuralgia, increased sexual desires,
sexual dreams.
Extremities: Paralysis- right arm and hand numbness,
sensation like ‘pins and needles – it was like it had no muscles in it’. Cold
hands. Pain on moving affected limbs.
Skin: It produces dermonecrotic lesions. The entire
lesion ‘itched terribly’ or can produce mild pruritus.
Generalities: Alternating feeling of hot and cold.
Proving this remedy it was found that, though it plays a major role in
the treatment of brown recluse spider bite, it is also helpful in the treatment
of symptoms like suicidal depression. It also works well in chronic fatigue
syndrome, fibromyalgia and muscular rheumatic complaints and for individuals
who have suicidal impulses.
Dr.Akshata S. Halladamal discusses about rare homeopathic remedy
Loxosceles recluse prepared from Brown Recluse Spider.
When we say spiders, we think of the most commonly used spider remedies
like Tarantula, Theridion, Aranea or Lactrodectus. Unlike thousands of species
of spiders available on the planet today, proving of these species has been
much less in number compared to their availability. Let us know some
interesting facts about this rare remedy named Loxosceles recluse (loxo-r) –
Brown Recluse Spider.
Introduction and history :
Gertsch and Mulaik were first to describe this brown spider in 1940.
This remedy was first proved in homoeopathy by Dr. Louis Klein in 1997-1998 by
conducting provings with the double-blind trial method. The remedy is now
recognized as Brown Recluse with necrotic venom.
Dr. Klein decided to prove this remedy after many homoeopathic
practitioners and veterinarians requested it. Numerous brown recluse spider
bites were being reported in certain parts of North America, not only in humans
but also in animals. Some of these cases ended in severe illness and even
death.
Description of the spider :
This spider is found mostly in south central United States, belonging to
class- Arachnida and family-Sicarridae. The coloris dark chocolate or mahogany
brown. It consists of six eyes (unlike other spiders that have 8 eyes) arranged
in pairs with one medial and two lateral pairs. It measures about 7-12 mm in
length and 4-6 mm in diameter. It has an oval body with four long, thin legs on
each side of the cephalothorax. Both body and legs are covered by short hairs
invisible to the naked eyes. They are seen mostly in dry areas, indoors or
outdoors, garages, closets of homes, under rocks, decaying logs etc.
Parts used for homeopathic preparation: Venom of the spider.
Behaviour of the spider:
The brown recluse is shy and avoids light. These habits all support
namingthis brown spider the recluse. It is thought to bite only in
self-defense.It is not an aggressive spider and will not attack unless cornered
or molested. These spiders move very slowly, with great caution but when they
attack, theyare extremely quick, their legs begin tovibrate, and they withdraw
slightly, and then jump.It is nocturnal, moving freely in search of its prey
which is an important aspect of its behavior as the bites commonly occur at
night. In terms of mating behavior the initial contact between 2 spiders is
likely to be theresult of chance. Once they have becomeaware of each other,
they either freeze or flee. On mating either the female kills the male spider
or the male gives the female a non-fatal bite.
Effects of spider bite:
The venom of this spider contains phopholipase, sphinomyelinase-D, which
components are involved in cell lysis. The bite from these spiders results in a
dermo-necrotic lesion which is difficult to heal. The spider injects only a few
tenths of a microlitre of venom. The bite is found to be unpainfull initially
and painful and itchy within 2-8 hours.
The immediate reaction is transient erythema followed by a mottled
appearance of the skin. Within 24 hours this zone of erythema becomes an
irregular zone of necrosis ranging from a few centimeters to 30cm and soon
ulceration of the wound takes place. If the venom injected is less in quantity
no necrosis takes place.
Major Symptoms produced during its proving:
Mind: Feeling of hopelessness, despair, isolation-
feels alone even when with others. Anger with rage and quick repentance.
suicidal thoughts-wants to kill himself.
Desire to escape. Fear of animals, bats and dark. Industrious- mania for
work. Hallucinations ‘I felt I could die’. Insomnia, negative at best (child).
Head: Frontal headache with burning sensation.
Eyes: Blackened, dilatation of pupils, redness and
yellowness of eyes with burning and stinging sensation.
Ears: Pain worse from cold.
Gastrointestinal: Cyanosis of lips, difficulty swallowing,
severe cramps, diarrhea with cramping pain before stools. Prefers to drink
small amounts of water, which is promptly vomited. But there is intense thirst,
forcing patient to drink at least four litres per day.
Heart: Consciousness of heart palpitations. Pulse
with poor volume.
Pains: Stitching, stabbing and stinging types of
pain.
Sexual organs: Uterine neuralgia, increased sexual desires,
sexual dreams.
Extremities: Paralysis- right arm and hand numbness, sensation
like ‘pins and needles – it was like it had no muscles in it’. Cold hands. Pain
on moving affected limbs.
Skin: It produces dermonecrotic lesions. The entire
lesion ‘itched terribly’ or can produce mild pruritus.
Generals: # feeling of hot and cold.
Hence proving this remedy it was found that, though it plays a major
role in the treatment of brown recluse spider bite, it is also helpful in the
treatment of symptoms like suicidal depression. It also works well in chronic
fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia and muscular rheumatic complaints and for
individuals who have suicidal impulses.
Repertorium: [Michael Bonnet]
Gemüt: Angst (bei Kindern)/Qualvolle Angst (bei Kindern)
Anorexia nervosa
Antworten schwierig
Bewusstlos/Koma/Stupor
Delirium
Erregt (nachts/bei Kindern)/erschrickt leicht
Erschöpft geistig/Gedanken hartnäckig
Gewissenhaft, peinlich genau i.B. auf Kleinigkeiten
Klagen/Murren
Milde
Ruhelos (erregbar)/
Traurig
Unbehagen
Untätig
Kopf: Schmerz
Auge: Bewegung schwierig
gelbe Bindehaut
Geschwollene Lider
Nase: Nasenbluten - Blut (Eigenschaften) - geronnen, klumpig - langsam
Gesicht: blass (bei Kindern)/bläulich/gelb/zyanotische Lippen (bei Kindern)
Mund: Zunge rot/flach
Innerer Hals: Schlucken schwierig (bei Kindern)
Schmerz < Schlucken Magen: Aufstoßen
DURST
Schmerz im Epigastrium
Sodbrennen
Übel/erbricht (kleinste Mengen
nach Trinken)/Art des Erbrochenen: Blut
Bauch: Leber entzündet (Hepatitis A)/geschwollen/vergrößert
Rumoren, Kollern
Schmerz
Starre, Rigidität der Muskeln
Vergrößerte Milz
Stuhl: Dunkel/weich
Nieren: Entzündet (akut)
Blase: Harnverhaltung
Urinieren häufig
Urin: Blutig (während Entbindung/bei Kindern)/eiweißhaltig/braun - dunkel/spärlich
Sediment (Harnzylinder/körnig, granulär/Urobilin/enthält Zellfragmente)
Atmung: Atemnot, Dyspnoe, erschwertes Atmen
Beschleunigt/laut, geräuschvoll/röchelnd, stertorös
Husten: Gering, leicht
Auswurf: Blutig/eitrig/schleimig
Brust: Emphysem
Ödem der Lunge; Lungenödem
Herzgeräusche - Atemgeräusche
Herzklopfen (unregelmäßig)
Rumoren, Kollern
Rücken: Schmerz
Schlaf: Schlaflos durch Schmerz
Fieber: Hitze im Allgemeinen
Mit Frost/intensive Hitze
Lange anhaltende Hitze
Mildes Fieber
Frost: Schüttelfrost
Haut: Brennen
Ekchymosen
Entzündet
gelb/violett
Gangrän in Flecken
Geschwüre - Absonderungen eiweißartig/empfindlich rund herum/gangränös/indolent
Hautausschläge - Bläschen/Blasen/Erythem/eosinophiles Granulom/masernartig/Papeln/kleine Pusteln
Jucken
Keloid
Geschwollen (hart)
Unempfindlich
Allgemeines: > Nachts
Anämie (bei Kindern)
Azidose
Blutung - Blut dünn/“Als ob Blut dünn“
Entzündete Drüsen
Hypertonie (+ Kopfschmerz)/Hypotonus (einschließlich arterieller Hypotonie)/Hypothermie
> Kalte Anwendungen
Konvulsionen bei Kindern
Laborergebnisse - Hämoglobin - erhöht
Nekrose
Schmerz [< bei Berührung/< Bewegung/erscheint plötzlich (und verschwindet plötzlich)/neuralgisch/schneidend/fein stechend/innerlich (brennend)/am ganzen Körper]
Empfindliche Drüsen
unbestimmtes, unklares Krankheitsgefühl
Schwäche
Geschwollene hart Drüsen
Stehen unmöglich
Allerlei: Loxosceles laeta S.
America is larger as Loxosceles reclusa. It is known to cause, more frequently than L. reclusa, bites with severe
systemic reactions (viscerocutaneous loxoscelism) (Hogan et al., 2004). These
reactions have been described as “unfailingly” lethal unless rapidly treated.
The spider, imported into the U.S., prefers old houses and is drawn to
furniture, clothing, and cracks
in walls (Schenone & Prats, 1961). It appears in circumscribed urban
areas of Los Angeles County, and in the towns of Alhambra, Sierra Madre
(reviewed in Schenone, Rojas, Reyes, Villarroel, & Suarez, 1970), and San
Gabriel (Vetter, 2005). Presently, the spider is thriving in commercial
basements and steam tunnels (Vetter, Cushing, Crawford, & Royce, 2003),
with no known confirmed bites. Yet, one amputation and one death have been
associated with loxoscelism in California (Vetter et al., 2003).
Additionally, a few native Loxosceles species are found in the dry,
relatively unpopulated southwestern regions of the U.S.: L. deserta, L.
arizonica, L. apachea, L. blanda, and L. devia, in that order, claim specific
regions from southern California to southwestern Texas (Swanson & Vetter,
2005). L. rufescens is found scattered throughout the U.S., with no known cases
of verified envenoming (Vetter, 2005). It has been noted in Chicago (Vetter
& Bush, 2004), California, and is present in other countries, as in the
Mediterranean Sea countries and Japan (Madon & Hall, 1970).
Loxosceles reclusa (Loxo-r) = Brown recluse spider/= violin spider
Vergiftung: 1.
stinging sensation with mild to intense pain.
1. immediate local effects a transient erythema, which
produces a dusky or mottled appearance to the skin. Sometimes ollowed by a
blister quickly.
2. first several hours the dusky hue expands,
traveling downward
3. within 6 hours, erythema replaced by violaceous
discoloration + an irregular zone of necrosis develops (few centimetres - 30cm.
4. Aseptic necrosis,
5. dry gangrenous slough/scar endures. black eschar
formation.
6. Open ulcers as the necrotic area breaks away from
surrounding healthy tissue.
If the quantity of venom is small, no necrosis occurs
and only the local erythema appears;
In 19 documented L. reclusa bites, local erythema and
local pain most commonly noted. Eleven patients developed necrosis, with a mean
healing period of 5.6 weeks. Only a few patients suffered systemic symptoms
(Sams et al., 2001). Such symptoms may appear 1 day post-bite and include
fever, chills, malaise, nausea, vomiting, and arthralgia. In some systemic
cases, a hemolytic anemia is observed as late as on the third day post-bite,
often with hemoglobinuria and possibly causing fatal renal failure. Serious
manifestations also include hematuria, anuria, dehydration, raised white blood
cell count, thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC),
liver injury (Wasserman & Anderson, 1984), and jaundice (Nance, 1961). Coma
may occur and appears closely associated with the anuria, possibly progressing
to death (Anderson, 1982). Rhabdomyolysis may contribute to renal failure (Hogan
et al., 2004).
Wilson and King (1990) described the typical initial
discoloration of severe L. reclusa bites as blue (centralized thrombosis
leading to necrosis), white (halo around lesion due to vasoconstriction), and
red (large area of erythema). Bite sites may present with edema, induration,
pain, pruritus, and blisters. According to Anderson (1982), strong local pain
due to infarction of the outer skin layer and a gradual sinking of the
expanding blue area below the level of the normal skin signal impending
necrosis. Auer and Hershey (1974) observed: The blistered epidermis of the
necrotizing area sloughs during the second week post-bite, revealing an
ulcerous, gangrenous cavity. The remaining dead skin may function as dry
eschar, but, with continuation of the necrosis, can be lost weeks later.
The necrosis is severe and particularly indolent in
fatty areas of the body;
Negativ: Important
remedy for physical conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome and muscular
rheumatic complaints (fibromyalgia).
Have been involved in violence, victim (Magnesiums.)/perpetrator.
Both suicidal impulses and violence cured by Loxoc;
[L. Klein]
Braune Einsiedlerspinne. Araneae; Loxoscelidae. Farbwahl: 23 - 24E
Die Braune Einsiedlerspinne kommt hauptsächlich im Süden der mittleren USA vor. Sie ist eine Jagdspinne und geht nachts auf Beute aus. Ihr Biss kann gefährlich sein.
Das Gewebe reagiert lytisch, und die Bissfolgen können bis zur nekrotisierenden Fasziitis führen.
Geist und Disposition: Grausamkeit. Aggressives Verhalten ohne äußeren Anlass. Streitsüchtig. Ungeduldig, tadelt rasch. Folgen von körperlicher Verletzung, Kampf oder Gewalt. Waffenliebhaber.
Überkritische Patienten, bei denen man vorsichtig ist und mit Angriffen rechnet. Man fühlt sich wie unter die Lupe genommen. Unbesiegbar, ehrgeizig und kompetent.
Der Arbeitgeber verlässt sich auf sie. Erstaunlich viel Energie, Konzentration und Klarheit. Dann aber plötzlich träge und isoliert. Düsteres Gefühl, morbide Gedanken über den Tod und wie sie sich selbst töten können. Gothic. Magie. Horrorfilme. Fasziniert von Themen wie Teufel, Sex mit dem Teufel, Besessenheit, schwarzes Leder. Sadomasochistisch. Eine alles verschlingende Dunkelheit (Thulium). Lacht über Selbstmord. Furcht vor Fledermäusen und Vögeln. Isolation.
Kapselt sich völlig ab, keine Kommunikation. Verlust des Mitteilungsbedürfnisses. Täuschung. Tarnung. Viel Make-up. Gefühl, alt und unattraktiv auszusehen. Fühlt sich
„Wie ein Sack voll Knochen oder ein Skelett“.
Anorexia nervosa. Wahnidee, dass sie besser aussehen würden, wenn sie spindeldürr sind. Wahnidee, klein zu sein. Versteckt sich. Immer in Eile. Murmeln oder hastiges Reden. Träume von Wolken. Träume: Zubereitung komplizierter Desserts.
Körperliche Merkmale: Plötzlicher Kollaps mit vorausgehender großer Energie. Anorexie ohne Hunger oder Durst. Zwingt sich zu essen. Mager im Wechsel mit Gewichtszunahme. Chronisches Erschöpfungssyndrom. Schlaflosigkeit. Candida. Parasiten. Tinnitus. Kawasaki-Syndrom. Toxisches Schock-Syndrom. Ekchymosen, Petechien. Sepsis. Zellulitis. Fressende Geschwüre. Herzklopfen. Aneurismen. Plötzliche heftige Schmerzen. Schießende Schmerzen im unteren Rücken (sakral, lumbal), die sich beide Beine hinunter erstrecken. Fibromyalgie. Konstriktion o. verkrampfende Muskeln. Myogelosen. Liegt gerne mit übereinandergeschlagenen Beinen.
Kupferbraune klebrige Stühle. Blutiger Durchfall. Enuresis.
Modalitäten: Periodizität, jährliche Beschwerden. > heißes Bad. Verlangt: eiweißhaltige Nahrung/Eier/Leber und Zwiebeln/ausgefallene Desserts/Süßigkeiten/Schlagsahne;
< Knoblauch.
Allerlei: The spider’s brown body, marked by a sunken cephalothorax,
reaches about 10 mm in length in the female; males are somewhat smaller.
Immobilized at temperatures around 5° C, the species retreats in a silken tube
during winter and appears most active in summer and early fall (Hite, Gladney,
Lancaster, & Whitcomb, 1966). It may enter homes seeking dark, secluded places.
For correct identification, the six eyes are important, occurring as pairs in
the 100 Loxosceles species worldwide and contrasting with the eight eyes of
most spiders (Swanson & Vetter, 2005).
Folgen gut: Med. Petr. Pyrog.
https://spiders.ucr.edu/myth-brown-recluse-fact-fear-and-loathing
[Rick Vetter]
Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
Presenting evidence for the lack of brown recluse spiders as part of the
Californian spider fauna. Unfortunately, this contradicts what most
Californians believe; beliefs that
are born out of media-driven hyperbole and erroneous, anxiety-filled
public hearsay further compounded by medical misdiagnoses. Although people are
free to disagree, this opinion has come about after more than two decades of
constant research resulting in many publications in the scientific and medical
literature. In addition to personal experience and thousands of spiders
submitted to UC Rverside, the sources for this opinion encompasses
conversations with, interactions with, and the cumulative knowledge of the
following, who have experience or expertise in the state of California and, in
some cases, are national or international experts:
Arachnologists throughout the state including
those at the Los Angeles County Museum and San Francisco's California Academy
of Sciences (one is probably one of the
top 5 arachnologists in the world)
Cumulatively, this body of
knowledge represents hundreds of years of experience with spiders and/or their
medical aspects in California and the identification of hundreds of thousands
of spiders. So if you think the material here is in error, consider the
strength of your own sources.
Spiders are one group of arthropods that are very well known by the common
person yet are terribly misunderstood; because of the rare occasion of a
deleterious venom incident, almost all spiders are lumped into the category of
"squish first and ask questions later". There are remarkably few
spiders in California that are capable of causing injuries via biting. Overall,
spiders are beneficial to humans in that they eat many pestiferous insects that
either infest our foods (many phytophagous insects), are vectors of
disease(flies, mosquitoes) or are aesthetically-challenged (cockroaches,
earwigs). Unfortunately, humans have a low tolerance for spiders in their
homes, either because spiders are symbols of danger, unkemptness or
arachnophobia. One of the first steps one should take in dealing with these
critters should be to identify them properly before blasting them with
pesticide and/or getting hysterical.
There are no sure long-lasting control measures for spiders, mostly what
pest control operators are dealing with in this situation is a psychological
problem rather than an entomological one. Folks want spiders out of their homes
because of fear and/or repulsion. The assumed risk of spiders in one's home is
much greater than the actual risk they pose and home owners probably do more
harm to themselves by using large amounts of pesticides inside a home to kill
spiders than any harm the spiders could actually do to them. Unfortunately, the
quantities and habits of spiders cause them to reinfest areas soon after
treatment so it is difficult to eliminate spiders altogether.
The spider that poses the greatest health threat to humans in California
is the black widow spider, Latrodectus hesperus. Before antivenom was
available, bites from these spiders caused death in about 5% of the cases.
Currently there are adequate medical treatments; deaths from black widow bites
are virtually non-existent. This adult female spider is readily identifiable
because of its unique coloration: a shiny black body with red hourglass on its
belly (not on its back as lots of people think). However, the western black
widow looks very different as an immature because it starts out life bedecked
in tan and white stripes. As spiderlings mature, more black pigmentation is
deposited in
the integument with each molt until they turn completely black. Males
retain the coloration of the juvenile striped pattern and are often turned into
our department because folks are afraid that they are brown recluses.
The next "spider" most familiar to Californians-the brown
recluse-is a myth. There are no populations of brown recluse spiders living in
California. In case, this upsets your applecart, I repeat, there are no
populations of brown recluse spiders living in California. The common name
"brown recluse spider" refers to one species of spider, Loxosceles
reclusa, which lives in the central Midwest: Nebraska south to Texas and
eastward to southernmost Ohio and north-central Georgia (see map). Only a
handful of specimens (less than 10) have ever been collected in California and
usually there is some connection between the spider and a recent move or
shipment from the Midwest. There is a great "awareness" of brown
recluse spiders in California mostly through a misguided media barrage which is
fed by a fear of the unknown and unfamiliar. I repeatedly have seen the media
in their "quest to seek out the truth" write completely speculative
stories about the existence of the brown recluse in California. Unfortunately,
the truth is not nearly good enough to sell news and therefore, a speculative
story is fabricated based upon faulty assumptions. Rampant recluse phobia is
based on people's willingness to believe
the worst about a situation and the sensationalistic news media
screaming about the POSSIBILITY of one spider being found in California. Actual
titles from newspapers regarding recluse stories are "Necrotic Wound
Blamed on Elusive Spider" , "Spider-bite Terror in Calififorna",
"Likely Bite by Spider Changes Life". Notice how carefully
the titles are chosen. They don't say that they have found the spiders
or that a population of the spider has been verified. They report the belief
that the spiders are here or have caused damage. Many times the speculative
stories are based on the premise that a brown recluse COULD be found in
California. While this is certainly true (since people move from the Midwest
each day), it is also true that because I am a male, I could have an illicit
and immoral relationship with a Playboy bunny. This is definitely a
possibility. However the chasm between "POSSIBILITY" and
"PROBABILITY" is so wide you couldn't build a bridge between here and
there. A more tenable example is that someone COULD win the California state
lottery grand prize by buying one ticket a year. This is definitely a
possibility. However, the probability of this is obviously so close to zero
that it is effectively zero. As they say, the lottery is a tax on those bad in
math. Still there are many more California lottery grand prize winners than
brown recluse spiders found in the state each year. Although there is the
chance a brown recluse could be in California, that one little spider is not
responsible for the several hundred brown recluse spider bite diagnoses that
have been made in California and the probability of being bit by a brown
recluse in California is realistically zero.
In its native range, the brown recluse is a very common house spider. A
colleague in Missouri found 5 in a child's bedroom one night, a person in
Arkansas found 6 living under his box spring in his bedroom, during a cleanup
at the Univisity of Arkansas, 52 were found in a science lab that was being
used everyday, a colleague found 9 living under one piece of plywood in
Oklahoma, a grad student and I collected 40 of them in a Missouri barn in 75
minutes, and would have collected more, but we ran out of vials to house them.
One amazing story is an 8th grade teacher in Oklahoma checking up on
his students avidly collecting material by some loose bricks around a flagpole
on an insect collecting trip. In about 7 minutes, 8 students collected 60 brown
recluses, picking them all up with their fingers and not one kid suffered a
bite. An even more amazing story
is that of a woman in Lenexa, Kansas who collected 2,055 brown recluse
spiders in 6 months in a 1850s-built home. This family of 4 has been living
there 8 years now and still not one evident bite. (see Vetter and Barger 2002, Journal of
Medical Entomology 39: 948-951). When you find brown recluses in an adequate
environment, you do not find one, you find dozens. And yet, the people who live
with these spiders rarely get bitten nor do they run around in constant fear.
With the current paranoia, if we had populations like that in California, they
would evacuate the state and close it down. The California reaction to the
mythical brown recluse is based solely on the fear of the unknown and the
willingness to believe that there is an 8-legged menace running around causing
havoc. I was interviewed by a local newspaper reporter looking for a
sensationalistic sound bite. The question was, "What do you think the
effect of this brown recluse event will have on southern California?" My
answer was
"The tourists from Missouri, Arkansas and Kansas are laughing
themselves off their hotel beds because a story on one alleged brown recluse
spider found in Los Angeles makes the evening news."
Yet the finding of one alleged brown recluse in California is enough to
get the news hounds barking for a story. A California county entomologist said
that when he found
a potential recluse spider, he had 2 television news trucks parked
outside his office waiting for him because they wanted to get "THE
STORY". In 1998 or so, there was a rumor that a Marin County park ranger
and 2 others were dead from brown recluse bites. People freaked out. One woman
called a taxi cab, handed the driver some money
and a dead spider and told him to deliver it to the County Agricultural
Commissioner's Office for identification. (Apparently the driver just took the
money and drove off, never delivering the spider.) No park ranger died and it
was just hysteria. Other news articles abound when there is the
"thought" that a brown recluse might have been
found in California. How ludicrous do you think this looks to the rest
of country? How hard is that Arkansas guy laughing who was sleeping on top of 6
brown recluses?
How much head-shaking does the woman in Nashville do who collected 7
running through her apartment in one month? How about the Kansas arachnologist
who found
12 under a rug in a doghouse? (Actually, he does laugh pretty hard every
time I relate a California brown recluse paranoia story to him.) How about the
Oklahoma kids
who each collected an average of 1.07 brown recluses per minute where it
would take the average kid in that group 8 minutes to collect more brown
recluses than has the
entire California population (currently about 32 million people) in 40
years? People get all worked up and say, "BUT IF THEY FOUND ONE BROWN
RECLUSE IN CALIFORNIA THAT MEANS .." It means they found one, it is
smashed, mangled, mutilated, pickled in alcohol, dead, deceased, passed on, no
more, ceased to be,
bleeding demised, bereft of life, resting in peace, gone to meet its
maker, pushing up the daisies, rung down the curtain and joined the choir
invisible, etc. and no longer
poses a threat to humanity (not that it posed a great threat to begin
with). THIS is an ex-spider! Brown recluses are almost communal and can be
found in great numbers.
If you truly have a brown recluse infestation in your house or your
community, then you should readily be able to find dozens more with little
effort. Once again, every
few years a brown recluse can be found in the state but it is a single itinerant
that was brought here, is not the tip of a massive invasion and does not
justify hundreds of medical misdiagnoses, hyperbolic news stories nor public
hysteria. If they truly lived here then you should be able to find many
specimens for identification.
The myth of the brown recluse reinforces the misconception to the
medical community that the brown recluse lives here whereupon they make
misdiagnoses. In "alleged brown recluse spider bites" in California,
almost never is any species of spider collected nor identified in the incident
and if it is, never has it been a verified brown recluse. There are many
different causative agents of necrotic wounds, for example: mites, bedbugs, a
secondary Staphylococcus or Streptococcus bacterial infection. Three different
tick-inflicted maladies have been misdiagnosed as brown recluse bite: Lyme
disease, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and the bite of the soft tick,
Ornithodoros coriaceus. How would you feel if a Californian physician treated
you for the bite of the non-existent brown recluse and instead you developed
advanced stages of Lyme disease (heart arrhythmias, central nervous system
disorders) which is easily curable in the early stages with common antibiotics?
Additional non-arthropod generated agents have also been labeled as brown
recluse bites including: poison oak/ivy, infected and chronic herpes simplex,
diabetic ulcer, pyoderma gangrenosum , lymphomatoid papulosis (skin cancer),
sporotrichosis (fungal infection), shingles, adverse reaction to prescribed
drugs, etc. The necrotic lesion causative agent that comes to physicians' minds
most easily is "brown recluse bite" and unfortunately, that is the
one they use for a diagnosis, being totally unaware of the local distribution
of the spider. Every month in California, more people are diagnosed as having
brown recluse bites than the total number of brown recluse spiders EVER
collected in the state. It has been estimated that in one study, 60% of all
"alleged brown recluse spider bites" occurred in areas where no
Loxosceles spiders have ever been found. Every once in a blue moon a brown
recluse is found in the state and it is not impossible for someone to get
bitten by one. However, a rare event (importation of a brown recluse) followed
by a very rare event (the probability of any individual actually being bitten
by the one brown recluse that makes it into California) yields a total
probability very near zero. In contrast, I have personally heard of several
hundred brown recluse spider bite diagnoses made in California in the last
decade. This is a mere fraction of the thousands that undoubtably have been
made by the medical community. Yet so far less than 15 verified specimens of
the spider have been found in the state in the last 40 years. Do you really
feel that the finding of one brown recluse spider every few years justifies
these thousands of medical misdiagnoses? Does it make sense that even though a
small fraction of 1% (and possibly none) of the brown recluse spider bite
diagnoses in California are correct that this justifies doctors continuing to
make these diagnoses?
In Tennessee where they have brown recluses, a bite victim brings a
brown recluse spider to the doctor about 20% of the time. If the same
percentages were true for California, patients would have already turned in
hundreds of brown recluses to their doctors over the last decade and we would
be able to easily find hundreds of recluses in the state. I have polled
California county entomologists, vector control personnel and arachnologists
regarding the number of spiders that have been submitted to them by the
California public and how many were brown recluses. So far, over several
decades, about 20,000 spiders have been turned in by concerned Californians and
none have been brown recluses. In comparison,
I have received somewhat over 500 spiders from people from endemic brown
recluse regions (Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Nebraska) wanting to
have their spiders identified, about 75% of these were brown recluses and all
were collected romping through their homes. These people are living with dozens
of recluses in their homes, more than the statewide total ever found in
California, and yet they don't receive bites and aren't walking around like
they belong in a Wes Craven schlock-horror movie. Why can't Californians find
recluses? Do the spiders become invisible once they reach California? Are the
spiders much sneakier or more aggressive when they cross the state line? Are
Californians much more pathetic in their ability to find recluses than people
from Tennessee and Kansas? No! Is it possible that another spider is causing
these "brown recluse wounds"? Maybe. While this is possible, with all
the thousands of "brown recluse spider bite" diagnoses made in
California and throughout the country, why haven't people been finding another
spider once in the while in the act of biting? Some wounds possibly are spider
bites but they are still grossly overestimated. There is no denying that
necrotic wounds are occurring in California but as long as people keep alive
the myth of the brown recluse, the real causes of these wounds will continue to
be a mystery.
We do have other Loxosceles spiders in California, the most common being
Loxosceles deserta, found in the sparsely-populated eastern California desert
regions in goodly numbers. There are no established populations of native
Californian violin spiders in the urban non-desert California areas. The native
violin spiders are not considered to be
as dangerous as the brown recluse, but then again, many brown recluse
bites are medically unremarkable. In southern California, we have a South
American violin spider, Loxosceles laeta, which is supposedly more virulent
than the brown recluse. It inhabits a small area of Sierra Madre, Alhambra, San
Gabriel and Monterey Park but has not expanded greatly from this region.
Despite this situation, these areas ARE NOT hotbeds of necrotic wounds and
there has not been one verified bite incident involving L. laeta in California
because they mostly live in basements and steam tunnels and are not being
turned in by the public so they are not found or, at most, are extremely rare
in people's homes. Finally, in Chile where L. laeta is native, a spider census
turned up an average of 163 live violin spiders living in the 5 most infested
homes (range 106 to 222 spiders). And no one living in those houses had ever
shown evidence of a recluse bite.
At this point, one might say "Okay so we don't have brown recluses
but we do have these other violin spiders. See!!!" Nope, yet another witch
hunt. Just because we have violin spiders does not mean that they are causing
all these wounds. In fact, most of the brown recluse spider bite diagnoses I
have heard about have come from coastal and Northern California, in cities
where no species of recluse has ever been known to live. One should not call
something a spider bite unless a spider was removed from one's skin in the act
of biting, seen biting flesh and then running off, found crushed in the remains
of clothing near the bite site or if a person with necrotic wounds lives in a
house that is infested with violin spiders. You need to have the "smoking
gun". Otherwise, it is baseless speculation. If the spider was on trial,
it would never get convicted with most of the "evidence" that people
could produce. But many folks don't like the answer of "I don't know"
for the cause of their necrotic wound and instead are very determined to pin it
on the brown recluse. They want to blame something concrete and the brown
recluse is the scapegoat for their desires. Yes, indeed, necrotic wounds are
occurring but it probably is not a spider doing it.
One of the best ways to ascertain the rarity of all violin spiders in
California is to identify those spiders which everyone thinks are
"potential brown recluses". Most spiders have 8 eyes arranged in 2
rows of 4. Violin spiders are very easily identifiable in that they have 6
eyes, in 3 pairs (dyads) arranged in a U-shaped line on the cephalothorax (link
here for pictures). There is a dyad in front and a dyad on each side. In brown
recluses and the south American violin spider there is a distinct violin shape
as well on the cephalothorax; in the native Californian Loxosceles species, the
violin pattern is rather indistinct and commonly non-existent. If a Californian
spider does have 6 eyes, they are usually in a different configuration (e.g., 3
eyes together in 2 triads) or there is one pair of eyes that is very small and
hard to discern. There are some native Californian spiders (Scytodes spp.,
Diguetia spp.) which one can find in the eastern deserts with a similar eye
pattern as Loxosceles spiders, however, they have stripes and differing
colorations on the dorsal body parts that readily signify that it is not a
violin spider. Despite the fact that one can learn to discern a brown recluse
from almost all spiders in 5 seconds,
I have seen harmless 8-eyed spiders that were misidentified as brown
recluses by 1) 3 different physicians, 2) an entomologist and 3) a pest control
person. The lay community relies on folks like these as authorities, yet these
people go around without the proper knowledge and are continuing the myth of
the brown recluse.
Because people know of UC Riverside's Entomology Department, an amazing
number of spiders come into the department in the ubiquitous baby food jars.
During a stretch of several years during a brown recluse hype, about 200
spiders were brought to the department, about 75% because folks wanted to know
if they were brown recluses. Of course, none of them were. Some of the most
common ones brought in were the false black widow (Steatoda grossa), male black
widows, wood louse spiders (Dysdera crocota), wolf spiders, daddy-long leg
spiders (also known as cellar or pholcid spiders). Some of them haven't even
been spiders (opilionids and solpugids) and the only aspect that seems to be
consistent amongst all these submissions is brown color and 8 legs.
Finally, despite all my antagonism, I fully realize that someday someone
somewhere may find a thriving population of brown recluse spiders living in
California. But to date, this has not happened despite 1) the overwhelming
public concern about the presence of this spider in the state, 2) the false
belief that it already is here and causing massive damage and 3) the voluminous
collections, spanning several decades and including hundreds of thousands of
spiders, by many arachnologists, amateur and professionals alike. One reason
for my verbal assault is that I want to get folks as incensed about finding a
real brown recluse as I get incensed about all these folks telling me that
brown recluses are everywhere. It is really amazing that wherever I go (the
supermarket, dental appointments, on campus, etc.) any place where one makes
idle chit-chat, folks are always telling me that they have found brown
recluses, are afraid of brown recluses, have been bitten by brown recluses,
have had neighbors die or lose limbs to brown recluses. The brown recluse has
been elevated to a major urban legend status very much like UFOs, Bigfoot and
Elvis. There is this mythical characteristic about their legend and the fear
they invoke such that the majority of people I run into in California are
either convinced that brown recluses live here or are surprised to find out
that they don't. The biological evidence that is available resoundingly
deflates any of the arachno-propaganda that is constantly being given new life
with each newspaper story or word-of-mouth tale of terror. I emphatically state
THERE ARE NO BROWN RECLUSE SPIDERS LIVING IN CALIFORNIA.
Repertorium:
Mind: Absorbed/Brooding/Alcoholism/Anger (# quick
repentance)/Anorexia nervosa
Anxiety (of conscience/in dark/from pains)/full of cares
Ardent/Awareness heightened (presence of birds)
Awkward
desires to remain in bed/desires to curl up
Censorious, critical/reproaching himself
Cheerfulness (with pain)/clarity of mind/> bright colors (seem
brighter)
Company aversion to/desire for/desires silence
Concentration active/difficult/confused (time)
Confidence want of self/conscientious about trifles/>
Consolation/contented/courageous
Cruelty/desires/talks of death (+ fear)/thoughts of death (without fear)
Detached
Delusions: walking on air/alone in the world/bewitched/body looks
ugly/is ugly/enveloped in clouds/being condensed (sitting crouched in small
space/> sitting)/is criticized/ floating in air/not good enough/insects/is
invincible/is immaterial incorporeal light (while walking)/being old/is
possessed/and body separated/spirit separated from body/separated from the
world/body smaller/time fritters away/everything is unreal/crouches in a tiny
space/is invisible
Despair (of recovery (morning on waking)
Detached
Exentric/embarrassed/excited
Ennui, boredom/desire to escape
Fear (animals/bats/dark/having taken her photo)/fearless
Forgetfull/tendency to lose things
Forsaken feeling
Grief (silent)/desire to hide/desires to go home
Hurry, haste/urge to run/talks hasty
Hypocrisy
Indifference, apathy
Industrious, mania for work
Intolerance/mocking
Invincible feeling/heedless
Irritable (before Menses)
Joyless
Laughing (+ sad)
Loquacity (changing quickly from one subject to another)
Liar
weakness, loss of memory
Mildness
Mistakes in spelling/time/writing
desires noise
Obstinate, headstrong/offended easily
Optimistic
Overwhelmed
> Painting
Persists in nothing
Philosophy ability for
Prostration of mind
Postponing everything to next day
Rage, fury/rude
Sadness weeping impossible/sad, despondency, depression, melancholy (on
waking/> weeping)
Secretive
Senses acute (of breathing/of self)/senses confused
Sensitive to noise/oversensitive (to reprimands, criticism, reproaches)
Sentimental
Sighing
inclined to sit/spaced-out feeling
Suicidal disposition [best way to do it/throwing himself from a
height/hanging (from a noose)]/thoughts
indisposed to talk/desire to be silent, taciturn
Thoughts clearness of
Thoughts (of disease/morbid/sexual/of sin),
Time fritters away his/Time loss of conception of
Tranquility, serenity, calmness
Vigilance
Vivacious
Weeping tendency (easily/before Menses)
Writing aversion to writing down her symptoms
Vertigo:< exertion/rising from bed
Constriction
Heaviness
Tingling (ext. jaw)
Eye: Discoloration yellow/ecchymosis (l.)
Pain burning
Pupils dilated
“As if full”
Ear: Noises in General (l./r.)/noises in high pitched/hissing/ringing
(morning)
Pain in general morning (waking/afternoond/night/l./r./< cold/on
swallowing/ on touch/ext. to jaw/stitching
Hearing: Illusions sounds (appto come from inside the
head)
Nose: Coryza/discharge clear
Eruptions inside (r.)/Pain sore, bruised inside
Smell Acute
Mund: Aphthae on lips/Cracks corners of (r.)
Discoloration pales from excitement
Dryness lips/Heat flushes
Pain General around/General jaw (r./Druck >)/General cheek bones (r.)
Swelling eyes under/Tingling
Abscess of Gums/Aphthae/Cracked, fissured/Dryness/Pain General (Gums)
Teeth: Abscess of roots
Mucus/scraping/Pain General (morning/on waking/> drinking/> salt
Stomach: Appetite diminished/increased/wanting
Emptiness, weak feeling, faintness, goneness, hungry feeling
Eructations/Heartburn/Nausea (morning/> eating/while riding in a
car/after sleep
Pain General (eructation/cramping)
Thirst
Abdomen: Distension
Pain in general (> bending double/cramping (before stool/> after
stool)/Pain stitching (r.)
Tingling (ext. upwards)
Rectum: Constipation/diarrhea (morning (driving out
of bed)
Formication in anus
Pain burning
Urging, desire [morning (on waking)/evening (21 h.)/night]
Stool: Acrid, corrosive, excoriating/bloody
Color light-colored/orange/(golden) yellow/
Loose/Soft/profuse
Odor offensive
Bladder: Urination involuntary night, incontinence in
bed while dreaming of urinating
Urine: Color yellow bright/Odor strong/Scanty
Female genitalia: Leucorrhea (yellow greenish)
Menses frequent, too early, too soon/too late (17 days)
Pain General (ovaries (r.)
Sexual desire increased
Speech & voice: hoarseness (on waking)
Respiration accelerated/Anxious
Respitation difficult from mucus in the throat
Cough: Air dry/< daytime/> drinking/from mucus
in throat/< Respiration/> warmth
Heaviness/itching
Pain > cough.
Pain General (< walking/> sitting/(ext. to) Clavicle neck/Mammae
(l.) ext. to nipple/Lungs (r.)/Sternum/sides (l./r.)
Pain cutting (l.)/inspiration/ext. to back/sore, bruised (Mammae)
Pain stitching (r.)/< walking)/Mammae (ext to nipple)
Palpitation heart (after frightening dream/during perspiration/axilla)
Eruptions Sacral region
Numbness (cervical regions (ext. arm)
Pain General
Perspiration (cervical region (< in sleep)
Stiffness (Cervical region (turning head)/Dorsal region)
Tension (Cervical region /Dorsal region/behind scapulae)
Extremeties: Awkwardness (coldness (hands)/Cracked skin
Fingers
Heat (upper limbs)
Numbness, insensibility [r./forearm/hand (r.)]
Perspiration lower limbs (leg/arms)
Stiffness Shoulder (r.)
Tingling (Hand (waking)
Warts Foot
PAIN General (upper limbs (shoulder (ext. to arm)/on waking/ wrist
(r.)/fingers r./lower limbs [l./sciatica (< walking (> continued
walking)]
/buttocks (l.)/leg (l.)/foot (> while sitting/sole)/cutting/Neuralgic
Sleep: Disturbed/Sleepless (from thoughts/after
waking (from dreams)
Chill (evening/night)/Coldness in general
Dreams: absurd/airports/amorous/anger/animals
(bats/dissection/horses head/mice (dead)/moose/snake)/beautiful/death
bodies/being busy/electric candles /cars driving on right side of the road in
England/cars (chasing)/child, children/
climbing/Clothing coat (down comforter/beautiful/silk)/confused/foreign
country (England/ France)/crimes/criminals/dancing/death
(father/relatives/and sex)/of dying/desolate areas/ being
dirty/disputes/driving (car (in a cornfield)/falling/own
family/father/fearlessness/fights (sword)/gruesome/food (deserts/in
detail/pancakes/ selling/preparing)/forgetting something/ flying/frined
(old)/frightful/guns/helicopters/hiding (behind crocks)/houses (nice and
clean)/ intrusion /lying in bed (with lover)/meeting someone/money/motorcycles
(driving into a mall)/mountains (climbing)/moving, relocating/music/necklace
(too tight)/being old/paries/of pleasure/people (chinese/with
guns/meeting)/plants (growing fast/ dead)/being questioned/ race/ being
robbed/sand dunes/shopping (in a mall)/singing/speedskating/ strange/ terror/f
orgetting things/toilet/strange town/urinating (in a paperbag)/violent/waiting
for someone/ being watched (while urinating)/ water (falling in/leaking/
swimming in/swimming pools/boats/women
Fever: Heat in general
Perspiration: Morning (on waking)/night (during sleep)/<
motion
Skin: Cracks, fissures (after washing)
Discoloration greenish/yellow
Eruptions General (itching/pimples)/warts
Manipulative/smart/concerned about appearance/takes high
risk/agile/likes to jump/impulsive/calculating/always five steps ahead/wants
his way/anxious/chewing nails/
nibbling collars and shirtsleeves/difficult falling asleep/nightmares (animals)/night
terrors/rages/fits (with throwing objects)/threatening to kill/take a knife and
cut the family dog into pieces/get a gun and shoot/you and your brains will be
all over the floor and it will be a gooey mess.”/
afraid of wasps and bees.
Prescribing Brown Recluse
“Do not wish to be seen at school… Don’t want to interact with anyone…
Decide to just stay home today.“ Contradictoryto Tarent. “He just likes to stay
at home. Doesn’t want to go to school or out in public much. He tells us he
doesn’t like going to the first-grade classroom because it’s too loud. It
really bothers him when we turn on the mixer in the house.” “Like I said, he’s
kind of reclusive.” Sneaky/does not obey
‘I wanna surprise you,” which
means that he’s up to something.” increased tendency to watch television
Decide to just stay home today. I don’t really want to deal with people
on any level.
Do not wish to be seen at school or see.
Don’t want to interact with anyone.
Dyslexia while taking case today. I knew the words I wanted to write,
but I’d be writing the wrong letters.
Felt like being rude and outspoken.
The
symptoms of the provers were intense:
gloom and
+ industriousness.
This
remedy is proving to be an important one. It adds to our materia medica a
remedy which can treat suicidal
depression.
Additionally, I see it as an important remedy for physical conditions such as
chronic fatigue syndrome and
muscular
rheumatic complaints, including fibromyalgia.
It also
bears importance for individuals who have been involved in violence, either as
a victim or as a perpetrator. I
have seen both the suicidal impulses and the violence cured with this
remedy.
Repertorium:
Gemüt: Alkoholismus
Angst/Furcht (vor der Dunkelheit)/furchtlos
Anorexia nervosa
Beleidigt, leicht
Beschwerden durch Verlegenheit
Betrug, Täuschungen
Erhöhte Bewusstheit (für Farben/Anwesenheit von Vögeln)
Delirium
Distanziert
Empfindlich (gegen Geräusche)
Erregt
Erschöpft geistig
Exzentrik, überspannt
Macht Fehler [schreibend (falsch Worte)/i.B. auf die Zeit]
Fliehen, versucht zu
Froh (# Suizidgedanken)
Gedächtnisschwäche (für das, was eben getan hat)
Gedanken sexuell
In Gedanken versunken/klarer Verstand/Konzentration gut, aktiv/Konzentration schwierig
Geschäftig, betriebsam
Gesellschaft abgeneigt
Gewissenhaft, peinlich genau i.B. auf Kleinigkeiten
Gleichgültig, Apathie (freudlos)
Grausam/grob
Verlangt, nach Hause zu gehen
Hast, Eile/hitzig, feurig
Imbezil (Negativismus)
Kummer, Trauer (still)
Lachen
Lebhaft, munter
Mutig
Optimistisch
Raserei, Tobsucht, Wut
Redselig, geschwätzig (wechselt schnell von einem Thema zum anderen)
Reizbar, gereizt (bei Kindern/vor Menses)
Ruhelos
Schweigsam/Seelenruhe, gelassen
Sentimental, schwärmerisch, rührselig
Seufzen
Sonderbar, fremd, merkwürdig - Sonderling
Spotten (Sarkasmus, beißender Spott)
Suizidneigung; Neigung zum Selbstmord (Gedanken an Selbstmord)/Gedanken an den Tod
Tadelsüchtig, krittelig/tadelt sich selbst, macht sich Vorwürfe
Traurig [morgens (erwachend)/über die Umwelt]
Unbesonnen, unachtsam
Untätig
Vergesslich
„Wie verlassen zu sein“ („Wie isoliert“)
Verwirrt geistig (i.B. auf die Zeit)
Verzweiflung
Wahnideen - fühlt sich alt/Geist habe sich vom Körper getrennt/sei von der Welt getrennt/sieht Insekten/Körper sei kleiner/Körper würde hässlich aussehen/würde kritisiert/schwebend (in der Luft)/sei unbesiegbar/sei unsichtbar/alles erscheint unwirklich/vergrößert/sei verhext
Weint (vor Menses)
Zorn
Kopf: Schmerz [nachts/heftig/intermittierende, aussetzende Schmerz/Hinterkopf (r.)/Stirn (r./dumpf/über den Augen)]
Auge: Ekchymose
gelb
Pupillen erweitert
Ohr: Geräusche im Ohr, Ohrgeräusche wenige
„Wie hohl“
Völlegefühl
Nase: Schmerz [innerlich (wund schmerzend)/in Nasenspitze (wund schmerzend)
Gesicht: blass/gelb/rot und erregt
Rissige Mundwinkel r.
Schwellung
Trockene Lippen
Mund: blau
Schmerz im Zahnfleisch (wund schmerzend)
Trocken
Innerer Hals: Entzündet
Schleim
Schlucken - schwierig
Schmerz [Mandeln (wund schmerzend)]
Geschwollen ödematös
Magen: Appetit vermindert/Durst
Auftreibung nachts
Leeregefühl
Schmerz (krampfartig)
Übel (morgens)
Erbricht (häufig/während intermittierendem Fieber)
Bauch: Bewegungen innerlich
Leber entzündet/vergrößert
Kribbeln innerlich
Schläge in Becken (erstr. nach oben)
Geschwollen in Leistengegend
Vergrößerte Milz
Rektum: Durchfall - morgens < unmittelbar nach dem Aufstehen/morgens - erwacht mit Stuhldrang
Schmerz (brennend)
Stuhl: Blutig/gelb - orange/weich
Nieren: Nephrose/Nierenversagen
Blase: Blutung
Harnverhaltung
Urin: Blutig/dunkel/rot - dunkelrot
Spezifisches Gewicht erhöht
enthält Zylinder
Weibliche Genitalien: Fluor - grünlichgelb
Schmerz in Ovarien r.
Kehlkopf und Trachea: Ödem in Glottis
Stimme - heiser, Heiserkeit (erwachend)
Atmung: Asphyxie
Atemnot, Dyspnoe, erschwertes Atmen
Beschleunigt
Giemen, keuchend pfeifendes Atmen
Husten: < trockene Luft
Trocken
Brust: Zusammenschnürung
Herzklopfen nachts
Schmerz [< Gehen/stechend/seitlich (r./l.)]
Rücken: Schmerz [nachts (< im Bett)/< Aufstehen vom Sitzen/< drehend im Bett/> streckend/Lumbalregion (l./Knie)/Sakroiliakalgelenke/in Wirbelsäule/in Zervikalregion im Schlaf]
Steifheit (in Zervikalregion)
Glieder: „Wie elektrischem Strom“
Gefühllose, taube Hände
Kalte Hände
Schmerz - Gelenke/Gesäß l./Hüfte/Knie/Schultern/Unterschenkel
Steifheit - morgens < nach Aufstehen/< Aufstehen/in Schultern
Ungeschickt
Schlaf: Gestört
Schlaflos < nach dem Erwachen/schläfrig
Träume: sehr beschäftigt zu sein/Boote/Erdbeben/erfolglose Anstrengungen beim Hochklettern einer Sanddüne/Fahren mit dem Auto (aktiv, als Fahrer)/zu Fliegen/von alten Freunde/Gehen in der Dunkelheit/Gemüse/2 Gesichter - sieht nur eines, es sind aber 2 Gesichter/Gewehre, Schusswaffen/Kämpfe/zu Klettern (zu fallen, zu stürzen)/von Kriminellen, Verbrechern/fremdes Land/Leichen/von Kerzenlicht/Menschenmengen/Musik/Parties/Pflanzen wachsen schnell/Räuber, Diebe, Einbrecher/Schlangen springen auf sie zu/Schwimmen/sexuell/Singen/vom Zubereiten von Speisen (Nachspeisen)/von Verwandten/Wasser lassen (in der Öffentlichkeit)/Vater/etwas vergessen zu haben/Wasser/Einzelheiten von Wüsten mit vielen Details/Zuschauen - Hubschraubern, Helikoptern
Fieber: Hitze im Allgemeinen
Intensive Hitze
Frost: im Allgemeinen
Schweiß: Reichlich
Haut: Ekchymosen
Blass/gelb/marmoriert/schwärzlich - graue Flecken
Gangrän
Blasen zyanotisch
Hautausschläge - (flüchtiges) Erythem/“Wie Flohbisse“/Papeln/Petechien
Jucken
Narben - dunkel marmoriert/purpurn, blaurot (danach schwarz)/schwarz nahe der Mitte
Prickeln, Kribbeln
Schmerz (fein stechend)
Schwellung
Trocken
Verhärtungen, Knoten etc.
Allgemeines: Nachmittags (1- 18 h) - 17 h - 17.30 h
Anämie
Übermaß, Überschuss an Energie
Entzündet - > Eis/> kalte Anwendungen/Zellgewebe
Eosinophilie
„Wie Hitze“
Konvulsionen epileptisch
Leukozytose
Nekrose - > Eis/> kalte Anwendungen/< Hitze/< warme Anwendungen
Ohnmacht
Schmerz [Wehtun/wund schmerzend/in Gelenke/innerlich (brennend)/in Muskeln]
Speisen und Getränke: Verlangt: Eier/Eiscreme/Leber/Milch/Süßigkeiten/Zwiebeln;
Verletzungen - > Eis/> kalte Anwendungen/< Hitze
Schwäche (+ übel)
> Sitzen
Steifheit
Wunden heilen langsam
Repertorium:
Absorbed/Brooding/Alcoholism/Anger (# quick
repentance)/Anorexia nervosa
Anxiety (of conscience/in dark/from pains) /full of
cares
Ardent/Awareness heightened (presence of birds)
Awkwardness
Bed desires to remain in/Curl up desires to
Censorious, critical/reproaching himself
Cheerfulness (with pain)/Clarity of mind/Colors bright
>/Colors seem brighter/colors
Company aversion to/desire for/ Desires silence
Concentration active/difficult/ Confusion (time)
Confidence want of self/Conscientious about
trifles/> Consolation/Contented/Courageous
Cruelty/desires/talks of death (+ fear)/thoughts of
death (without fear)
Detached
Delusions: walking on air/alone in the world/bewitched/body
looks ugly/is ugly/enveloped in clouds/being condensed (sitting crouched in
small space/> sitting)/is criticized/ floating in air/not good
enough/insects/is invincible/is immaterial incorporeal light (while
walking)/being old/is possessed/and body separated/spirit separated from
body/separated from the world/body smaller/time fritters away/everything is
unreal/crouches in a tiny space/is invisible
Despair (of recovery (morning on waking)
Detached
Exentricity/Embarrassment/Excitement
Ennui, boredom/Escape desire
F(animals/bats/dark/having taken her
photo)/fearlessness
Forgetfulness/Lose things tendency to
Forsaken feeling
Grief (silent)/desire to hide/desires to go home
Heedless
Hurry, haste
Hypocrisy
Indifference, apathy
Industrious, mania for work
Intolerance/Mocking
Invincible feeling
Irritability (before Menses)
Joyless
Laughing (+ sad)
Loquacity (changing quickly from one subject to
another)
Liar
Memory weakness, loss of
Mildness
Mistakes in spelling/time/writing
Noise desire for
Obstinate, headstrong/Offended easily
Optimistic
Overwhelmed
Painting amel.
Persists in nothing
Philosophy ability for
Prostration of mind
Postponing everything to next day
Rage, fury
Rudeness
Run urge to
Sadness weeping impossible/sad, despondency,
depression, melancholy (on waking/> weeping)
Secretive
Senses acute
Senses acute of breathing/of self
Senses confused
Sensitive to noise/oversensitive (to reprimands,
criticism, reproaches)
Sentimental
Sighing
Sit inclination to/Spaced-out feeling
Suicidal disposition (best way to do it/by
hanging/throwing himself from a height/hanging from a noose/thoughts
Talk indisposed to, desire to be silent,
taciturn/Talk, talking, talks hasty
Thoughts clearness of
Thoughts (of disease/morbid/sexual/of sin),
Time fritters away his/Time loss of conception of
Tranquility, serenity, calmness
Vigilance
Vivacious
Weeping tendency (easily/before Menses)
Writing aversion to writing down her symptoms
Vertigo:< exertion/rising from bed
Constriction
Heaviness
Tingling (ext to jaw)
Eye: Discoloration yellow/ecchymosis (l.)
Pain burning
Pupils dilated
“As if full”
Ear: Noises in General (l./r.)/noises in high
pitched/hissing/ringing (morning)
Pain in general morning (waking/afternoond/night/l./r./<
cold/on swallowing/ on touch/ext. to jaw/stitching
Hearing: Illusions sounds (appto come from inside the
head)
Nose: Coryza/discharge clear
Eruptions inside (r.)/Pain sore, bruised inside
Smell Acute
Mund: Aphthae on lips/Cracks corners of (r.)
Discoloration pales from excitement
Dryness lips/Heat flushes
Pain General around/General jaw (r./Druck
>)/General cheek bones (r.)
Swelling eyes under/Tingling
Abscess of Gums/Aphthae/Cracked, fissured/Dryness/Pain
General (Gums)
Teeth: Abscess of roots
Mucus/scraping/Pain General (morning/on waking/>
drinking/> salt
Stomach: Appetite diminished/increased/wanting
Emptiness, weak feeling, faintness, goneness, hungry
feeling
Eructations/Heartburn/Nausea (morning/>
eating/while riding in a car/after sleep
Pain General (eructation/cramping)
Thirst
Abdomen: Distension
Pain in general (> bending double/cramping (before
stool/> after stool)/Pain stitching (r.)
Tingling (ext. upwards)
Rectum: Constipation/diarrhea (morning (driving out
of bed)
Formication in anus
Pain burning
Urging, desire [morning (on waking)/evening (21
h.)/night]
Stool: Acrid, corrosive, excoriating/bloody
Color light-colored/orange/(golden) yellow/
Loose/Soft/profuse
Odor offensive
Bladder: Urination involuntary night, incontinence in bed
while dreaming of urinating
Urine: Color yellow bright/Odor strong/Scanty
Female genitalia: Leucorrhea (yellow
greenish)
Menses frequent, too early, too soon/too late (17
days)
Pain General (ovaries (r.)
Sexual desire increased
Speech & voice: hoarseness (on
waking)
Respiration accelerated/Anxious
Respitation difficult from mucus in the throat
Cough: Air dry/< daytime/> drinking/from mucus
in throat/< Respiration/> warmth
Heaviness/itching
Pain > cough.
Pain General (< walking/> sitting/(ext. to)
Clavicle neck/Mammae (l.) ext. to nipple/Lungs (r.)/Sternum/sides (l./r.)
Pain cutting (l.)/inspiration/ext. to back/sore,
bruised (Mammae)
Pain stitching (r.)/< walking)/Mammae (ext to
nipple)
Palpitation heart (after frightening dream/during
perspiration/axilla)
Eruptions Sacral region
Numbness (cervical regions (ext. arm)
Pain General
Perspiration (cervical region (< in sleep)
Stiffness (Cervical region (turning head)/Dorsal
region)
Tension (Cervical region /Dorsal region/behind
scapulae)
Extremeties: Awkwardness
(coldness (hands)/Cracked skin Fingers
Heat (upper limbs)
Numb, insensibility [r./forearm/hand (r.)]
Perspiration lower limbs (leg/arms)
Stiff Shoulder (r.)
Tingling (Hand (waking)
Warts Foot
PAIN General (upper limbs (shoulder (ext. to arm)/on
waking/ wrist (r.)/fingers r./lower limbs (l./imbs sciatica (< walking (>
continued walking)
/buttocks (l.)/leg (l.)/foot (> while
sitting/sole)/cutting/Neuralgic
Sleep Disturbed/Sleepless (from thoughts/after
waking (from dreams)
Chill (evening/night)/Coldness in general
Dreams: absurd/airports/amorous/anger/animals
(bats/dissection/horses head/mice (dead)/moose/snake)/beautiful/death
bodies/being busy/electric candles /cars driving on right side of the road in
England/cars (chasing)/child, children/
climbing/Clothing coat (down
comforter/beautiful/silk)/confused/foreign country (England/ France)/crimes/criminals/dancing/death
(father/relatives/and sex)/of dying/desolate areas/ being
dirty/disputes/driving (car (in a cornfield)/falling/own family/father/fearlessness/fights
(sword)/gruesome/food (deserts/in detail/pancakes/
selling/preparing)/forgetting something/ flying/frined
(old)/frightful/guns/helicopters/hiding (behind crocks)/houses (nice and
clean)/ intrusion /lying in bed (with lover)/meeting someone/money/motorcycles
(driving into a mall)/mountains (climbing)/moving, relocating/music/necklace
(too tight)/being old/paries/of pleasure/people (chinese/with
guns/meeting)/plants (growing fast/ dead)/being questioned/ race/ being
robbed/sand dunes/shopping (in a mall)/singing/speedskating/ strange/ terror/f
orgetting things/toilet/strange town/urinating (in a paperbag)/violent/waiting
for someone/ being watched (while urinating)/ water (falling in/leaking/
swimming in/swimming pools/boats/women
Fever: Heat in general
Perspiration: Morning (on
waking)/night (during sleep)/< motion
Skin: Cracks, fissures (after washing)
Discoloration greenish/yellow
Eruptions General (itching/pimples)/warts
Generals: Evening </> night
Allergy
< bathing, washing
“As if empty, hollow”
lots of energy
Aversion: alcohol, alcoholic, cold
drinks/fish/garlic/rich food/seafood/spices/condiments/highly seasoned food
<: cole slaw /tea >: orange juice/tea
Desires:
Eggs/ice.cream/sweets/liver/meat/onions/acids/tea (green, lukewarm)
Heat flushes of /sensation # with sensation of cold
Heaviness internally (l.)
Lie down inclination to
Pain Joints/of
muscles/aching/burning/cutting/neuralgic/sore, bruised/pressing
outward/snitching
Pulse frequent, accelerated, elevated, exalted, fast,
innumerable, rapid/frequent/accelerated on waking
Shocks electric, like (l.)
> Sitting
Stiffness, rigidity
< working with hands in water.
Weakness, enervation, exhaustion
Weary (morning (on waking)
> wind.
Wounds heal: slow
Allerlei: Loxosceles
reclusa is a major resident in U.S. east from Texas to South
Carolina/south from Indiana to Alabama. Warm dry climates /seclusion during
daylight hours/web spun for shelter, not
for trapping food/Hunting and prey: at night in search of insects.
Loxosceles
parrami (Loxo-p)
Repertorium:
Allgemeines: Eosinophilie
Vorwort/Suchen Zeichen/Abkürzungen Impressum