Arachnida Loxosceles reclusa (Loxoc) = Brown recluse spider

Loxosceles spp.

Vergleich: Siehe: Spinnen

DD.: Aur-met. Nat-s. Sep. Lyc. Lat-m. Spinnengiften. Loxosceles apache. Pyrog. Kali-c. Stram. und Solanaceae.

https://hpathy.com/ask-homeopathy-doctors/why-use-of-2-or-3-remedies-was-advocated-in-lesser-writings-of-boenninghausen-when-most-of-the-homeopaths-favor-the-use-of-single-remedy-at-a-time/

Loxosceles laeta (Loxo-lo) = violin spider/= Braune Einsiedlerspinne/= Brown Recluse Spider

Vergiftung: In the more serious L. laeta envenomation, the diagnostic information from confirmed and probable cases revealed that the violet-black, blistered then dried, and parchment-like skin is sloughed usually during the second week post-bite, sometimes revealing even the underlying muscles and aponeuroses. During the hours or days post-bite, victims suffer local edema (which increasingly recedes from the violet area) and particularly strong, insomnia-causing local pains not alleviated by pain medication (Macchiavello, 1947). Schenone and Prats (1961) noted painful local edema developing within 1 hour post-bite, spreading extensively from the bite site and gradually deepening in color.

Systemic signs and symptoms associated with L. laeta envenomation have included fever, restlessness, nervousness, insomnia, and, infrequently, darkened urine or hematuria (Macchiavello, 1947; Schenone & Prats, 1961). As observed in a clinic, the urinary changes tend to develop within 24 hours post-bite, often accompanied by a steep rise in temperature and leading to jaundice, cyanosis, dyspnea, anuria, coma, and sometimes death. For example, of 40 patients treated, four suffered viscerocutaneous loxoscelism and one died, showing gastric erosion (postmortem). Thirty-one of the cases had occurred in spring and summer in Chile (Schenone & Prats, 1961);

Acute: Bite causes pain (stinging) or burning in first 10 minutes + itching. The wound takes on a bull's-eye appearance, with a center blister surrounded by an angry-looking red ring and then a blanched (white) ring. 2. The blister breaks open, leaving an ulcer that scabs over. The ulcer can enlarge and involve underlying skin and muscle tissue. Pain may be severe. A generalized red, itchy rash usually appears in the first 24 - 48 hours. fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, muscle aches and hemolytic anemia (a condition where the red blood cells are destroyed). Necrosis starts after 2 h.

Loxoscelism was first described in the U.S. in 1879 in Tennessee. Although there are up to 13 different Loxosceles species in North America (11 native and 2 nonnative), Loxosceles reclusa is the species most often involved in serious envenomation. L. reclusa has a limited habitat that includes the Southeast United States. In South America, L. laeta, L. intermedia (found in Brazil and Argentina), and L. gaucho (Brazil) are the three species most often reported to cause necrotic bites and Systemic.

Negativ:

[JJ Kleber]

Anfangs ehrgeizige arbeitsame, leicht einzelbrödlerische etwas streitsüchtige Menschen, mit fast übermenschlicher Leistungsfähigkeit, auf die man sich verlassen kann;

wenn Leistung zu wenig gewürdigt o. eine ausweglos erscheinende Konfrontation kommt, fühlt sie sich sozial verlassen und es kommt zum plötzlichen Zusammenbruch

mit Erschöpfung in drückend/düster-melancholischer + bedrohlicher (Einsiedler)-Atmosphäre (unausgesprochen/schweigsam).

Unruhig angespannt aber weniger rastlos als andere Spinnen sind Sie im gesunden auch erfolgreich + produktiv, aber meist im Gefühl + Leben isoliert + alleine zu sein

(wenn in Gesellschaft); macht keine Kontakte, verbergt sich eher; sind Beobachter nicht Teilnehmer in allen Situationen (gestörte Verbindung zwischen Intellekt + Gefühl

+ Körper); fühlt sich körperlich nicht schön o. behindert.

Schmerz: stechend/neuralgisch [Kopf/Brust/Rücken (Ischias)].

Oft in Gedanken versunken, selbstbezogen, sozial zurückgezogen (abgekapselt im Kokon/unter der Decke verkriechen); antwortet schweigsam bis trotzig auf Fragen, sehr direkt, (grausam/ätzende) Kritik an anderen; vertragen aber selbst keine Kritik, dann schnell aggressiv; ehrgeizig, misstrauisch; desinteressiert an und gelangweilt von

allem (bis dunkle Depression mit Suizidgedanken) haben sie Spaß an nichts, versuchen der Situation zu entfliehen; nicht so ruhelos wie andere Spinnen, aber immer noch schwieriger Schlaf wegen Ruhelosigkeit. Zarte, empfindliche und Sentimentale Seite kann nicht ausgedrückt werden.

Im Endstadium morbide Interessen und Gedanken von Suizid, Mord, Sadomasochismus, schwarze Magie und Teufel.

Frostig/ Hände sind kalt + taub/bei Verletzungen > Wärme

Chronisches Erschöpfungssyndrom, schwere Depressionen, Anorexie, suizidale + mordlustige Neigungen; Fibromyalgiesyndrom, nach unten schießender Sakral-Ischias.

Allerlei: Vermeidet das Licht, Vorkommen in trockenen warmen Gebieten (ursprünglich US) tagsüber in trockenen Nischen (auch im Haus); Nest ist eine dicht gesponnene Seiden-Höhle; Nächtlich aktive Jäger am Boden im freien Gelände.

[Dr. Akshata S. Halladamal]

Gertsch and Mulaik were first to describe this brown spider in 1940. This remedy was first proved in homoeopathy by Dr.Louis Klein in 1997-1998 by conducting provings with the double-blind trial method. The remedy is now recognized as Brown Recluse with necrotic venom.

Dr. Klein decided to prove this remedy after many homoeopathic practitioners and veterinarians requested it. Numerous brown recluse spider bites were being reported in certain parts of North America, not only in humans but also in animals. Some of these cases ended in severe illness and even death.

Description of the spider :

This spider is found mostly in south central U.S., belonging to class- Arachnida and family-Sicarridae. The coloris dark chocolate or mahogany brown. It consists of 6 eyes (unlike other spiders that have 8 eyes) arranged in pairs with one medial and two lateral pairs. It measures about 7-12 mm in length and 4-6 mm in diameter. It has an oval

body with four long, thin legs on each side of the cephalothorax. Both body and legs are covered by short hairs invisible to the naked eyes. They are seen mostly in dry areas, indoors or outdoors, garages, closets of homes, under rocks, decaying logs etc.

Parts used for homeopathic preparation: Venom of the spider.

Behaviour of the spider:

The brown recluse is shy and avoids light. These habits all support naming this brown spider the recluse. It is thought to bite only in self-defense. It is not an aggressive spider and will not attack unless cornered or molested. These spiders move very slowly, with great caution but when they attack, they are extremely quick, their legs begin to vibrate, and they withdraw slightly, and then jump. It is nocturnal, moving freely in search of its prey which is an important aspect of its behavior as the bites commonly occur at night. In terms of mating behavior the initial contact between 2 spiders is likely to be theresult of chance. Once they have become aware of each other, they either freeze or flee.

On mating either the female kills the male spider or the male gives the female a non-fatal bite.

Effects of spider bite:

The venom of this spider contains phopholipase, sphinomyelinase-D, which components are involved in cell lysis. The bite from these spiders results in a dermo-necrotic lesion which is difficult to heal. The spider injects only a few tenths of a microlitre of venom. The bite is found to be unpainfull initially and painful and itchy within 2-8 hours.

The immediate reaction is transient erythema followed by a mottled appearance of the skin. Within 24 hours this zone of erythema becomes an irregular zone of necrosis ranging from a few centimeters to 30cm and soon ulceration of the wound takes place. If the venom injected is less in quantity no necrosis takes place.

Major Symptoms produced during its proving:

Mind: Feeling of hopelessness, despair, isolation- feels alone even when with others. Anger with rage and quick repentance. suicidal thoughts-wants to kill himself.

Desire to escape. Fear of animals, bats and dark. Industrious- mania for work. Hallucinations ‘I felt I could die’. Insomnia, negative at best (child).

Head: Frontal headache with burning sensation.

Eyes: Blackened, dilatation of pupils, redness and yellowness of eyes with burning and stinging sensation.

Ears: Pain worse from cold.

Gastrointestinal: Cyanosis of lips, difficulty swallowing, severe cramps, diarrhea with cramping pain before stools. Prefers to drink small amounts of water, which is promptly vomited. But there is intense thirst, forcing patient to drink at least four litres per day.

Chest: Heart – Consciousness of heart palpitations. Pulse with poor volume.

Pains– Stitching, stabbing and stinging types of pain.

Sexual organs: Uterine neuralgia, increased sexual desires, sexual dreams.

Extremities: Paralysis- right arm and hand numbness, sensation like ‘pins and needles – it was like it had no muscles in it’. Cold hands. Pain on moving affected limbs.

Skin: It produces dermonecrotic lesions. The entire lesion ‘itched terribly’ or can produce mild pruritus.

Generalities: Alternating feeling of hot and cold.

Proving this remedy it was found that, though it plays a major role in the treatment of brown recluse spider bite, it is also helpful in the treatment of symptoms like suicidal depression. It also works well in chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia and muscular rheumatic complaints and for individuals who have suicidal impulses.

Dr.Akshata S. Halladamal discusses about rare homeopathic remedy Loxosceles recluse prepared from Brown Recluse Spider.

When we say spiders, we think of the most commonly used spider remedies like Tarantula, Theridion, Aranea or Lactrodectus. Unlike thousands of species of spiders available on the planet today, proving of these species has been much less in number compared to their availability. Let us know some interesting facts about this rare remedy named Loxosceles recluse (loxo-r) – Brown Recluse Spider.

Introduction and history :

Gertsch and Mulaik were first to describe this brown spider in 1940. This remedy was first proved in homoeopathy by Dr. Louis Klein in 1997-1998 by conducting provings with the double-blind trial method. The remedy is now recognized as Brown Recluse with necrotic venom.

Description of the spider :

This spider is found mostly in south central United States, belonging to class- Arachnida and family-Sicarridae. The coloris dark chocolate or mahogany brown. It consists of six eyes (unlike other spiders that have 8 eyes) arranged in pairs with one medial and two lateral pairs. It measures about 7-12 mm in length and 4-6 mm in diameter. It has an oval body with four long, thin legs on each side of the cephalothorax. Both body and legs are covered by short hairs invisible to the naked eyes. They are seen mostly in dry areas, indoors or outdoors, garages, closets of homes, under rocks, decaying logs etc.

Parts used for homeopathic preparation: Venom of the spider.

Behaviour of the spider:

The brown recluse is shy and avoids light. These habits all support namingthis brown spider the recluse. It is thought to bite only in self-defense.It is not an aggressive spider and will not attack unless cornered or molested. These spiders move very slowly, with great caution but when they attack, theyare extremely quick, their legs begin tovibrate, and they withdraw slightly, and then jump.It is nocturnal, moving freely in search of its prey which is an important aspect of its behavior as the bites commonly occur at night. In terms of mating behavior the initial contact between 2 spiders is likely to be theresult of chance. Once they have becomeaware of each other, they either freeze or flee. On mating either the female kills the male spider or the male gives the female a non-fatal bite.

Effects of spider bite:

Major Symptoms produced during its proving:

Mind: Feeling of hopelessness, despair, isolation- feels alone even when with others. Anger with rage and quick repentance. suicidal thoughts-wants to kill himself.

Desire to escape. Fear of animals, bats and dark. Industrious- mania for work. Hallucinations ‘I felt I could die’. Insomnia, negative at best (child).

Head: Frontal headache with burning sensation.

Eyes: Blackened, dilatation of pupils, redness and yellowness of eyes with burning and stinging sensation.

Ears: Pain worse from cold.

Heart: Consciousness of heart palpitations. Pulse with poor volume.

Pains: Stitching, stabbing and stinging types of pain.

Sexual organs: Uterine neuralgia, increased sexual desires, sexual dreams.

Extremities: Paralysis- right arm and hand numbness, sensation like ‘pins and needles – it was like it had no muscles in it’. Cold hands. Pain on moving affected limbs.

Skin: It produces dermonecrotic lesions. The entire lesion ‘itched terribly’ or can produce mild pruritus.

Generals: # feeling of hot and cold.

Hence proving this remedy it was found that, though it plays a major role in the treatment of brown recluse spider bite, it is also helpful in the treatment of symptoms like suicidal depression. It also works well in chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia and muscular rheumatic complaints and for individuals who have suicidal impulses.

Repertorium: [Michael Bonnet]

Gemüt: Angst (bei Kindern)/Qualvolle Angst (bei Kindern)

Anorexia nervosa

Antworten schwierig

Bewusstlos/Koma/Stupor

Delirium

Erregt (nachts/bei Kindern)/erschrickt leicht

Erschöpft geistig/Gedanken hartnäckig

Gewissenhaft, peinlich genau i.B. auf Kleinigkeiten

Klagen/Murren

Milde

Ruhelos (erregbar)/

Traurig

Unbehagen

Untätig

Kopf: Schmerz

Auge: Bewegung schwierig

gelbe Bindehaut

Geschwollene Lider

Nase: Nasenbluten - Blut (Eigenschaften) - geronnen, klumpig - langsam

Gesicht: blass (bei Kindern)/bläulich/gelb/zyanotische Lippen (bei Kindern)

Mund: Zunge rot/flach

Innerer Hals: Schlucken schwierig (bei Kindern)

Schmerz < Schlucken Magen: Aufstoßen

DURST

Schmerz im Epigastrium

Sodbrennen

Übel/erbricht (kleinste Mengen nach Trinken)/Art des Erbrochenen: Blut

Bauch: Leber entzündet (Hepatitis A)/geschwollen/vergrößert

Rumoren, Kollern

Schmerz

Starre, Rigidität der Muskeln

Vergrößerte Milz

Stuhl: Dunkel/weich

Nieren: Entzündet (akut)

Blase: Harnverhaltung

Urinieren häufig

Urin: Blutig (während Entbindung/bei Kindern)/eiweißhaltig/braun - dunkel/spärlich

Sediment (Harnzylinder/körnig, granulär/Urobilin/enthält Zellfragmente)

Atmung: Atemnot, Dyspnoe, erschwertes Atmen

Beschleunigt/laut, geräuschvoll/röchelnd, stertorös

Husten: Gering, leicht

Auswurf: Blutig/eitrig/schleimig

Brust: Emphysem

Ödem der Lunge; Lungenödem

Herzgeräusche - Atemgeräusche

Herzklopfen (unregelmäßig)

Rumoren, Kollern

Rücken: Schmerz

Schlaf: Schlaflos durch Schmerz

Fieber: Hitze im Allgemeinen

Mit Frost/intensive Hitze

Lange anhaltende Hitze

Mildes Fieber

Frost: Schüttelfrost

Haut: Brennen

Ekchymosen

Entzündet

gelb/violett

Gangrän in Flecken

Geschwüre - Absonderungen eiweißartig/empfindlich rund herum/gangränös/indolent

Hautausschläge - Bläschen/Blasen/Erythem/eosinophiles Granulom/masernartig/Papeln/kleine Pusteln

Jucken

Keloid

Geschwollen (hart)

Unempfindlich

Allgemeines: > Nachts

Anämie (bei Kindern)

Azidose

Blutung - Blut dünn/“Als ob Blut dünn“

Entzündete Drüsen

Hypertonie (+ Kopfschmerz)/Hypotonus (einschließlich arterieller Hypotonie)/Hypothermie

> Kalte Anwendungen

Konvulsionen bei Kindern

Laborergebnisse - Hämoglobin - erhöht

Nekrose

Schmerz [< bei Berührung/< Bewegung/erscheint plötzlich (und verschwindet plötzlich)/neuralgisch/schneidend/fein stechend/innerlich (brennend)/am ganzen Körper]

Empfindliche Drüsen

unbestimmtes, unklares Krankheitsgefühl

Schwäche

Geschwollene hart Drüsen
Stehen unmöglich

Allerlei: Loxosceles laeta S. America is larger as Loxosceles reclusa. It is known to cause, more frequently than L. reclusa, bites with severe systemic reactions (viscerocutaneous loxoscelism) (Hogan et al., 2004). These reactions have been described as “unfailingly” lethal unless rapidly treated. The spider, imported into the U.S., prefers old houses and is drawn to furniture, clothing, and cracks

in walls (Schenone & Prats, 1961). It appears in circumscribed urban areas of Los Angeles County, and in the towns of Alhambra, Sierra Madre (reviewed in Schenone, Rojas, Reyes, Villarroel, & Suarez, 1970), and San Gabriel (Vetter, 2005). Presently, the spider is thriving in commercial basements and steam tunnels (Vetter, Cushing, Crawford, & Royce, 2003), with no known confirmed bites. Yet, one amputation and one death have been associated with loxoscelism in California (Vetter et al., 2003).

Additionally, a few native Loxosceles species are found in the dry, relatively unpopulated southwestern regions of the U.S.: L. deserta, L. arizonica, L. apachea, L. blanda, and L. devia, in that order, claim specific regions from southern California to southwestern Texas (Swanson & Vetter, 2005). L. rufescens is found scattered throughout the U.S., with no known cases of verified envenoming (Vetter, 2005). It has been noted in Chicago (Vetter & Bush, 2004), California, and is present in other countries, as in the Mediterranean Sea countries and Japan (Madon & Hall, 1970).

Loxosceles reclusa (Loxo-r) = Brown recluse spider/= violin spider

Vergiftung: 1. stinging sensation with mild to intense pain.

1. immediate local effects a transient erythema, which produces a dusky or mottled appearance to the skin. Sometimes ollowed by a blister quickly.

2. first several hours the dusky hue expands, traveling downward

3. within 6 hours, erythema replaced by violaceous discoloration + an irregular zone of necrosis develops (few centimetres - 30cm.

4. Aseptic necrosis,

5. dry gangrenous slough/scar endures. black eschar formation.

6. Open ulcers as the necrotic area breaks away from surrounding healthy tissue.

If the quantity of venom is small, no necrosis occurs and only the local erythema appears;

In 19 documented L. reclusa bites, local erythema and local pain most commonly noted. Eleven patients developed necrosis, with a mean healing period of 5.6 weeks. Only a few patients suffered systemic symptoms (Sams et al., 2001). Such symptoms may appear 1 day post-bite and include fever, chills, malaise, nausea, vomiting, and arthralgia. In some systemic cases, a hemolytic anemia is observed as late as on the third day post-bite, often with hemoglobinuria and possibly causing fatal renal failure. Serious manifestations also include hematuria, anuria, dehydration, raised white blood cell count, thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), liver injury (Wasserman & Anderson, 1984), and jaundice (Nance, 1961). Coma may occur and appears closely associated with the anuria, possibly progressing to death (Anderson, 1982). Rhabdomyolysis may contribute to renal failure (Hogan et al., 2004).

Wilson and King (1990) described the typical initial discoloration of severe L. reclusa bites as blue (centralized thrombosis leading to necrosis), white (halo around lesion due to vasoconstriction), and red (large area of erythema). Bite sites may present with edema, induration, pain, pruritus, and blisters. According to Anderson (1982), strong local pain due to infarction of the outer skin layer and a gradual sinking of the expanding blue area below the level of the normal skin signal impending necrosis. Auer and Hershey (1974) observed: The blistered epidermis of the necrotizing area sloughs during the second week post-bite, revealing an ulcerous, gangrenous cavity. The remaining dead skin may function as dry eschar, but, with continuation of the necrosis, can be lost weeks later.

The necrosis is severe and particularly indolent in fatty areas of the body;

Negativ: Important remedy for physical conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome and muscular rheumatic complaints (fibromyalgia).

Have been involved in violence, victim (Magnesiums.)/perpetrator. Both suicidal impulses and violence cured by Loxoc;

[L. Klein]

Braune Einsiedlerspinne. Araneae; Loxoscelidae. Farbwahl: 23 - 24E

Die Braune Einsiedlerspinne kommt hauptsächlich im Süden der mittleren USA vor. Sie ist eine Jagdspinne und geht nachts auf Beute aus. Ihr Biss kann gefährlich sein.

Das Gewebe reagiert lytisch, und die Bissfolgen können bis zur nekrotisierenden Fasziitis führen.

Geist und Disposition: Grausamkeit. Aggressives Verhalten ohne äußeren Anlass. Streitsüchtig. Ungeduldig, tadelt rasch. Folgen von körperlicher Verletzung, Kampf oder Gewalt. Waffenliebhaber.

Überkritische Patienten, bei denen man vorsichtig ist und mit Angriffen rechnet. Man fühlt sich wie unter die Lupe genommen. Unbesiegbar, ehrgeizig und kompetent.

Der Arbeitgeber verlässt sich auf sie. Erstaunlich viel Energie, Konzentration und Klarheit. Dann aber plötzlich träge und isoliert. Düsteres Gefühl, morbide Gedanken über den Tod und wie sie sich selbst töten können. Gothic. Magie. Horrorfilme. Fasziniert von Themen wie Teufel, Sex mit dem Teufel, Besessenheit, schwarzes Leder. Sadomasochistisch. Eine alles verschlingende Dunkelheit (Thulium). Lacht über Selbstmord. Furcht vor Fledermäusen und Vögeln. Isolation.

Kapselt sich völlig ab, keine Kommunikation. Verlust des Mitteilungsbedürfnisses. Täuschung. Tarnung. Viel Make-up. Gefühl, alt und unattraktiv auszusehen. Fühlt sich

„Wie ein Sack voll Knochen oder ein Skelett“.

Anorexia nervosa. Wahnidee, dass sie besser aussehen würden, wenn sie spindeldürr sind. Wahnidee, klein zu sein. Versteckt sich. Immer in Eile. Murmeln oder hastiges Reden. Träume von Wolken. Träume: Zubereitung komplizierter Desserts.

Körperliche Merkmale: Plötzlicher Kollaps mit vorausgehender großer Energie. Anorexie ohne Hunger oder Durst. Zwingt sich zu essen. Mager im Wechsel mit Gewichtszunahme. Chronisches Erschöpfungssyndrom. Schlaflosigkeit. Candida. Parasiten. Tinnitus. Kawasaki-Syndrom. Toxisches Schock-Syndrom. Ekchymosen, Petechien. Sepsis. Zellulitis. Fressende Geschwüre. Herzklopfen. Aneurismen. Plötzliche heftige Schmerzen. Schießende Schmerzen im unteren Rücken (sakral, lumbal), die sich beide Beine hinunter erstrecken. Fibromyalgie. Konstriktion o. verkrampfende Muskeln. Myogelosen. Liegt gerne mit übereinandergeschlagenen Beinen.

Kupferbraune klebrige Stühle. Blutiger Durchfall. Enuresis.

Modalitäten: Periodizität, jährliche Beschwerden. > heißes Bad. Verlangt: eiweißhaltige Nahrung/Eier/Leber und Zwiebeln/ausgefallene Desserts/Süßigkeiten/Schlagsahne;

< Knoblauch.

Allerlei: The spider’s brown body, marked by a sunken cephalothorax, reaches about 10 mm in length in the female; males are somewhat smaller. Immobilized at temperatures around 5° C, the species retreats in a silken tube during winter and appears most active in summer and early fall (Hite, Gladney, Lancaster, & Whitcomb, 1966). It may enter homes seeking dark, secluded places. For correct identification, the six eyes are important, occurring as pairs in the 100 Loxosceles species worldwide and contrasting with the eight eyes of most spiders (Swanson & Vetter, 2005).

Folgen gut: Med. Petr. Pyrog.

https://spiders.ucr.edu/myth-brown-recluse-fact-fear-and-loathing

[Rick Vetter]

Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA

Presenting evidence for the lack of brown recluse spiders as part of the Californian spider fauna. Unfortunately, this contradicts what most Californians believe; beliefs that

are born out of media-driven hyperbole and erroneous, anxiety-filled public hearsay further compounded by medical misdiagnoses. Although people are free to disagree, this opinion has come about after more than two decades of constant research resulting in many publications in the scientific and medical literature. In addition to personal experience and thousands of spiders submitted to UC Rverside, the sources for this opinion encompasses conversations with, interactions with, and the cumulative knowledge of the following, who have experience or expertise in the state of California and, in some cases, are national or international experts:

Arachnologists throughout the state including those at the Los Angeles County Museum and San Francisco's California Academy of Sciences (one is probably one of the

top 5 arachnologists in the world)

Cumulatively, this body of knowledge represents hundreds of years of experience with spiders and/or their medical aspects in California and the identification of hundreds of thousands of spiders. So if you think the material here is in error, consider the strength of your own sources.

Spiders are one group of arthropods that are very well known by the common person yet are terribly misunderstood; because of the rare occasion of a deleterious venom incident, almost all spiders are lumped into the category of "squish first and ask questions later". There are remarkably few spiders in California that are capable of causing injuries via biting. Overall, spiders are beneficial to humans in that they eat many pestiferous insects that either infest our foods (many phytophagous insects), are vectors of disease(flies, mosquitoes) or are aesthetically-challenged (cockroaches, earwigs). Unfortunately, humans have a low tolerance for spiders in their homes, either because spiders are symbols of danger, unkemptness or arachnophobia. One of the first steps one should take in dealing with these critters should be to identify them properly before blasting them with pesticide and/or getting hysterical.

There are no sure long-lasting control measures for spiders, mostly what pest control operators are dealing with in this situation is a psychological problem rather than an entomological one. Folks want spiders out of their homes because of fear and/or repulsion. The assumed risk of spiders in one's home is much greater than the actual risk they pose and home owners probably do more harm to themselves by using large amounts of pesticides inside a home to kill spiders than any harm the spiders could actually do to them. Unfortunately, the quantities and habits of spiders cause them to reinfest areas soon after treatment so it is difficult to eliminate spiders altogether.

The spider that poses the greatest health threat to humans in California is the black widow spider, Latrodectus hesperus. Before antivenom was available, bites from these spiders caused death in about 5% of the cases. Currently there are adequate medical treatments; deaths from black widow bites are virtually non-existent. This adult female spider is readily identifiable because of its unique coloration: a shiny black body with red hourglass on its belly (not on its back as lots of people think). However, the western black widow looks very different as an immature because it starts out life bedecked in tan and white stripes. As spiderlings mature, more black pigmentation is deposited in

the integument with each molt until they turn completely black. Males retain the coloration of the juvenile striped pattern and are often turned into our department because folks are afraid that they are brown recluses.

The next "spider" most familiar to Californians-the brown recluse-is a myth. There are no populations of brown recluse spiders living in California. In case, this upsets your applecart, I repeat, there are no populations of brown recluse spiders living in California. The common name "brown recluse spider" refers to one species of spider, Loxosceles reclusa, which lives in the central Midwest: Nebraska south to Texas and eastward to southernmost Ohio and north-central Georgia (see map). Only a handful of specimens (less than 10) have ever been collected in California and usually there is some connection between the spider and a recent move or shipment from the Midwest. There is a great "awareness" of brown recluse spiders in California mostly through a misguided media barrage which is fed by a fear of the unknown and unfamiliar. I repeatedly have seen the media in their "quest to seek out the truth" write completely speculative stories about the existence of the brown recluse in California. Unfortunately, the truth is not nearly good enough to sell news and therefore, a speculative story is fabricated based upon faulty assumptions. Rampant recluse phobia is based on people's willingness to believe

the worst about a situation and the sensationalistic news media screaming about the POSSIBILITY of one spider being found in California. Actual titles from newspapers regarding recluse stories are "Necrotic Wound Blamed on Elusive Spider" , "Spider-bite Terror in Calififorna", "Likely Bite by Spider Changes Life". Notice how carefully

the titles are chosen. They don't say that they have found the spiders or that a population of the spider has been verified. They report the belief that the spiders are here or have caused damage. Many times the speculative stories are based on the premise that a brown recluse COULD be found in California. While this is certainly true (since people move from the Midwest each day), it is also true that because I am a male, I could have an illicit and immoral relationship with a Playboy bunny. This is definitely a possibility. However the chasm between "POSSIBILITY" and "PROBABILITY" is so wide you couldn't build a bridge between here and there. A more tenable example is that someone COULD win the California state lottery grand prize by buying one ticket a year. This is definitely a possibility. However, the probability of this is obviously so close to zero that it is effectively zero. As they say, the lottery is a tax on those bad in math. Still there are many more California lottery grand prize winners than brown recluse spiders found in the state each year. Although there is the chance a brown recluse could be in California, that one little spider is not responsible for the several hundred brown recluse spider bite diagnoses that have been made in California and the probability of being bit by a brown recluse in California is realistically zero.

In its native range, the brown recluse is a very common house spider. A colleague in Missouri found 5 in a child's bedroom one night, a person in Arkansas found 6 living under his box spring in his bedroom, during a cleanup at the Univisity of Arkansas, 52 were found in a science lab that was being used everyday, a colleague found 9 living under one piece of plywood in Oklahoma, a grad student and I collected 40 of them in a Missouri barn in 75 minutes, and would have collected more, but we ran out of vials to house them. One amazing story is an 8^th grade teacher in Oklahoma checking up on his students avidly collecting material by some loose bricks around a flagpole on an insect collecting trip. In about 7 minutes, 8 students collected 60 brown recluses, picking them all up with their fingers and not one kid suffered a bite. An even more amazing story

is that of a woman in Lenexa, Kansas who collected 2,055 brown recluse spiders in 6 months in a 1850s-built home. This family of 4 has been living there 8 years now and still not one evident bite. (see Vetter and Barger 2002, Journal of Medical Entomology 39: 948-951). When you find brown recluses in an adequate environment, you do not find one, you find dozens. And yet, the people who live with these spiders rarely get bitten nor do they run around in constant fear. With the current paranoia, if we had populations like that in California, they would evacuate the state and close it down. The California reaction to the mythical brown recluse is based solely on the fear of the unknown and the willingness to believe that there is an 8-legged menace running around causing havoc. I was interviewed by a local newspaper reporter looking for a sensationalistic sound bite. The question was, "What do you think the effect of this brown recluse event will have on southern California?" My answer was

"The tourists from Missouri, Arkansas and Kansas are laughing themselves off their hotel beds because a story on one alleged brown recluse spider found in Los Angeles makes the evening news."

Yet the finding of one alleged brown recluse in California is enough to get the news hounds barking for a story. A California county entomologist said that when he found

a potential recluse spider, he had 2 television news trucks parked outside his office waiting for him because they wanted to get "THE STORY". In 1998 or so, there was a rumor that a Marin County park ranger and 2 others were dead from brown recluse bites. People freaked out. One woman called a taxi cab, handed the driver some money

and a dead spider and told him to deliver it to the County Agricultural Commissioner's Office for identification. (Apparently the driver just took the money and drove off, never delivering the spider.) No park ranger died and it was just hysteria. Other news articles abound when there is the "thought" that a brown recluse might have been

found in California. How ludicrous do you think this looks to the rest of country? How hard is that Arkansas guy laughing who was sleeping on top of 6 brown recluses?

How much head-shaking does the woman in Nashville do who collected 7 running through her apartment in one month? How about the Kansas arachnologist who found

12 under a rug in a doghouse? (Actually, he does laugh pretty hard every time I relate a California brown recluse paranoia story to him.) How about the Oklahoma kids

who each collected an average of 1.07 brown recluses per minute where it would take the average kid in that group 8 minutes to collect more brown recluses than has the

entire California population (currently about 32 million people) in 40 years? People get all worked up and say, "BUT IF THEY FOUND ONE BROWN RECLUSE IN CALIFORNIA THAT MEANS .." It means they found one, it is smashed, mangled, mutilated, pickled in alcohol, dead, deceased, passed on, no more, ceased to be,

bleeding demised, bereft of life, resting in peace, gone to meet its maker, pushing up the daisies, rung down the curtain and joined the choir invisible, etc. and no longer

poses a threat to humanity (not that it posed a great threat to begin with). THIS is an ex-spider! Brown recluses are almost communal and can be found in great numbers.

If you truly have a brown recluse infestation in your house or your community, then you should readily be able to find dozens more with little effort. Once again, every

few years a brown recluse can be found in the state but it is a single itinerant that was brought here, is not the tip of a massive invasion and does not justify hundreds of medical misdiagnoses, hyperbolic news stories nor public hysteria. If they truly lived here then you should be able to find many specimens for identification.

The myth of the brown recluse reinforces the misconception to the medical community that the brown recluse lives here whereupon they make misdiagnoses. In "alleged brown recluse spider bites" in California, almost never is any species of spider collected nor identified in the incident and if it is, never has it been a verified brown recluse. There are many different causative agents of necrotic wounds, for example: mites, bedbugs, a secondary Staphylococcus or Streptococcus bacterial infection. Three different tick-inflicted maladies have been misdiagnosed as brown recluse bite: Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and the bite of the soft tick, Ornithodoros coriaceus. How would you feel if a Californian physician treated you for the bite of the non-existent brown recluse and instead you developed advanced stages of Lyme disease (heart arrhythmias, central nervous system disorders) which is easily curable in the early stages with common antibiotics? Additional non-arthropod generated agents have also been labeled as brown recluse bites including: poison oak/ivy, infected and chronic herpes simplex, diabetic ulcer, pyoderma gangrenosum , lymphomatoid papulosis (skin cancer), sporotrichosis (fungal infection), shingles, adverse reaction to prescribed drugs, etc. The necrotic lesion causative agent that comes to physicians' minds most easily is "brown recluse bite" and unfortunately, that is the one they use for a diagnosis, being totally unaware of the local distribution of the spider. Every month in California, more people are diagnosed as having brown recluse bites than the total number of brown recluse spiders EVER collected in the state. It has been estimated that in one study, 60% of all "alleged brown recluse spider bites" occurred in areas where no Loxosceles spiders have ever been found. Every once in a blue moon a brown recluse is found in the state and it is not impossible for someone to get bitten by one. However, a rare event (importation of a brown recluse) followed by a very rare event (the probability of any individual actually being bitten by the one brown recluse that makes it into California) yields a total probability very near zero. In contrast, I have personally heard of several hundred brown recluse spider bite diagnoses made in California in the last decade. This is a mere fraction of the thousands that undoubtably have been made by the medical community. Yet so far less than 15 verified specimens of the spider have been found in the state in the last 40 years. Do you really feel that the finding of one brown recluse spider every few years justifies these thousands of medical misdiagnoses? Does it make sense that even though a small fraction of 1% (and possibly none) of the brown recluse spider bite diagnoses in California are correct that this justifies doctors continuing to make these diagnoses?

In Tennessee where they have brown recluses, a bite victim brings a brown recluse spider to the doctor about 20% of the time. If the same percentages were true for California, patients would have already turned in hundreds of brown recluses to their doctors over the last decade and we would be able to easily find hundreds of recluses in the state. I have polled California county entomologists, vector control personnel and arachnologists regarding the number of spiders that have been submitted to them by the California public and how many were brown recluses. So far, over several decades, about 20,000 spiders have been turned in by concerned Californians and none have been brown recluses. In comparison, I have received somewhat over 500 spiders from people from endemic brown recluse regions (Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Nebraska) wanting to have their spiders identified, about 75% of these were brown recluses and all were collected romping through their homes. These people are living with dozens of recluses in their homes, more than the statewide total ever found in California, and yet they don't receive bites and aren't walking around like they belong in a Wes Craven schlock-horror movie. Why can't Californians find recluses? Do the spiders become invisible once they reach California? Are the spiders much sneakier or more aggressive when they cross the state line? Are Californians much more pathetic in their ability to find recluses than people from Tennessee and Kansas? No! Is it possible that another spider is causing these "brown recluse wounds"? Maybe. While this is possible, with all the thousands of "brown recluse spider bite" diagnoses made in California and throughout the country, why haven't people been finding another spider once in the while in the act of biting? Some wounds possibly are spider bites but they are still grossly overestimated. There is no denying that necrotic wounds are occurring in California but as long as people keep alive the myth of the brown recluse, the real causes of these wounds will continue to be a mystery.

We do have other Loxosceles spiders in California, the most common being Loxosceles deserta, found in the sparsely-populated eastern California desert regions in goodly numbers. There are no established populations of native Californian violin spiders in the urban non-desert California areas. The native violin spiders are not considered to be

as dangerous as the brown recluse, but then again, many brown recluse bites are medically unremarkable. In southern California, we have a South American violin spider, Loxosceles laeta, which is supposedly more virulent than the brown recluse. It inhabits a small area of Sierra Madre, Alhambra, San Gabriel and Monterey Park but has not expanded greatly from this region. Despite this situation, these areas ARE NOT hotbeds of necrotic wounds and there has not been one verified bite incident involving L. laeta in California because they mostly live in basements and steam tunnels and are not being turned in by the public so they are not found or, at most, are extremely rare in people's homes. Finally, in Chile where L. laeta is native, a spider census turned up an average of 163 live violin spiders living in the 5 most infested homes (range 106 to 222 spiders). And no one living in those houses had ever shown evidence of a recluse bite.

At this point, one might say "Okay so we don't have brown recluses but we do have these other violin spiders. See!!!" Nope, yet another witch hunt. Just because we have violin spiders does not mean that they are causing all these wounds. In fact, most of the brown recluse spider bite diagnoses I have heard about have come from coastal and Northern California, in cities where no species of recluse has ever been known to live. One should not call something a spider bite unless a spider was removed from one's skin in the act of biting, seen biting flesh and then running off, found crushed in the remains of clothing near the bite site or if a person with necrotic wounds lives in a house that is infested with violin spiders. You need to have the "smoking gun". Otherwise, it is baseless speculation. If the spider was on trial, it would never get convicted with most of the "evidence" that people could produce. But many folks don't like the answer of "I don't know" for the cause of their necrotic wound and instead are very determined to pin it on the brown recluse. They want to blame something concrete and the brown recluse is the scapegoat for their desires. Yes, indeed, necrotic wounds are occurring but it probably is not a spider doing it.

One of the best ways to ascertain the rarity of all violin spiders in California is to identify those spiders which everyone thinks are "potential brown recluses". Most spiders have 8 eyes arranged in 2 rows of 4. Violin spiders are very easily identifiable in that they have 6 eyes, in 3 pairs (dyads) arranged in a U-shaped line on the cephalothorax (link here for pictures). There is a dyad in front and a dyad on each side. In brown recluses and the south American violin spider there is a distinct violin shape as well on the cephalothorax; in the native Californian Loxosceles species, the violin pattern is rather indistinct and commonly non-existent. If a Californian spider does have 6 eyes, they are usually in a different configuration (e.g., 3 eyes together in 2 triads) or there is one pair of eyes that is very small and hard to discern. There are some native Californian spiders (Scytodes spp., Diguetia spp.) which one can find in the eastern deserts with a similar eye pattern as Loxosceles spiders, however, they have stripes and differing colorations on the dorsal body parts that readily signify that it is not a violin spider. Despite the fact that one can learn to discern a brown recluse from almost all spiders in 5 seconds,

I have seen harmless 8-eyed spiders that were misidentified as brown recluses by 1) 3 different physicians, 2) an entomologist and 3) a pest control person. The lay community relies on folks like these as authorities, yet these people go around without the proper knowledge and are continuing the myth of the brown recluse.

Because people know of UC Riverside's Entomology Department, an amazing number of spiders come into the department in the ubiquitous baby food jars. During a stretch of several years during a brown recluse hype, about 200 spiders were brought to the department, about 75% because folks wanted to know if they were brown recluses. Of course, none of them were. Some of the most common ones brought in were the false black widow (Steatoda grossa), male black widows, wood louse spiders (Dysdera crocota), wolf spiders, daddy-long leg spiders (also known as cellar or pholcid spiders). Some of them haven't even been spiders (opilionids and solpugids) and the only aspect that seems to be consistent amongst all these submissions is brown color and 8 legs.

Finally, despite all my antagonism, I fully realize that someday someone somewhere may find a thriving population of brown recluse spiders living in California. But to date, this has not happened despite 1) the overwhelming public concern about the presence of this spider in the state, 2) the false belief that it already is here and causing massive damage and 3) the voluminous collections, spanning several decades and including hundreds of thousands of spiders, by many arachnologists, amateur and professionals alike. One reason for my verbal assault is that I want to get folks as incensed about finding a real brown recluse as I get incensed about all these folks telling me that brown recluses are everywhere. It is really amazing that wherever I go (the supermarket, dental appointments, on campus, etc.) any place where one makes idle chit-chat, folks are always telling me that they have found brown recluses, are afraid of brown recluses, have been bitten by brown recluses, have had neighbors die or lose limbs to brown recluses. The brown recluse has been elevated to a major urban legend status very much like UFOs, Bigfoot and Elvis. There is this mythical characteristic about their legend and the fear they invoke such that the majority of people I run into in California are either convinced that brown recluses live here or are surprised to find out that they don't. The biological evidence that is available resoundingly deflates any of the arachno-propaganda that is constantly being given new life with each newspaper story or word-of-mouth tale of terror. I emphatically state THERE ARE NO BROWN RECLUSE SPIDERS LIVING IN CALIFORNIA.

Repertorium:

Mind: Absorbed/Brooding/Alcoholism/Anger (# quick repentance)/Anorexia nervosa

Anxiety (of conscience/in dark/from pains)/full of cares
Ardent/Awareness heightened (presence of birds)

Awkward

desires to remain in bed/desires to curl up

Censorious, critical/reproaching himself

Cheerfulness (with pain)/clarity of mind/> bright colors (seem brighter)

Company aversion to/desire for/desires silence

Concentration active/difficult/confused (time)

Confidence want of self/conscientious about trifles/> Consolation/contented/courageous

Cruelty/desires/talks of death (+ fear)/thoughts of death (without fear)

Detached

Delusions: walking on air/alone in the world/bewitched/body looks ugly/is ugly/enveloped in clouds/being condensed (sitting crouched in small space/> sitting)/is criticized/ floating in air/not good enough/insects/is invincible/is immaterial incorporeal light (while walking)/being old/is possessed/and body separated/spirit separated from body/separated from the world/body smaller/time fritters away/everything is unreal/crouches in a tiny space/is invisible

Despair (of recovery (morning on waking)

Detached

Exentric/embarrassed/excited

Ennui, boredom/desire to escape

Fear (animals/bats/dark/having taken her photo)/fearless

Forgetfull/tendency to lose things

Forsaken feeling

Grief (silent)/desire to hide/desires to go home

Hurry, haste/urge to run/talks hasty

Hypocrisy

Indifference, apathy

Industrious, mania for work

Intolerance/mocking

Invincible feeling/heedless

Irritable (before Menses)

Joyless

Laughing (+ sad)

Loquacity (changing quickly from one subject to another)

Liar

weakness, loss of memory

Mildness

Mistakes in spelling/time/writing

desires noise

Obstinate, headstrong/offended easily

Optimistic

Overwhelmed

> Painting

Persists in nothing

Philosophy ability for

Prostration of mind

Postponing everything to next day

Rage, fury/rude

Sadness weeping impossible/sad, despondency, depression, melancholy (on waking/> weeping)

Secretive

Senses acute (of breathing/of self)/senses confused

Sensitive to noise/oversensitive (to reprimands, criticism, reproaches)

Sentimental

Sighing

inclined to sit/spaced-out feeling

Suicidal disposition [best way to do it/throwing himself from a height/hanging (from a noose)]/thoughts

indisposed to talk/desire to be silent, taciturn

Thoughts clearness of

Thoughts (of disease/morbid/sexual/of sin),

Time fritters away his/Time loss of conception of

Tranquility, serenity, calmness

Vigilance

Vivacious

Weeping tendency (easily/before Menses)

Writing aversion to writing down her symptoms

Vertigo:< exertion/rising from bed

Constriction

Heaviness

Tingling (ext. jaw)

Eye: Discoloration yellow/ecchymosis (l.)

Pain burning

Pupils dilated

“As if full”

Ear: Noises in General (l./r.)/noises in high pitched/hissing/ringing (morning)

Pain in general morning (waking/afternoond/night/l./r./< cold/on swallowing/ on touch/ext. to jaw/stitching

Hearing: Illusions sounds (appto come from inside the head)

Nose: Coryza/discharge clear

Eruptions inside (r.)/Pain sore, bruised inside

Smell Acute

Mund: Aphthae on lips/Cracks corners of (r.)

Discoloration pales from excitement

Dryness lips/Heat flushes

Pain General around/General jaw (r./Druck >)/General cheek bones (r.)

Swelling eyes under/Tingling

Abscess of Gums/Aphthae/Cracked, fissured/Dryness/Pain General (Gums)

Teeth: Abscess of roots

Mucus/scraping/Pain General (morning/on waking/> drinking/> salt

Stomach: Appetite diminished/increased/wanting

Emptiness, weak feeling, faintness, goneness, hungry feeling

Eructations/Heartburn/Nausea (morning/> eating/while riding in a car/after sleep

Pain General (eructation/cramping)

Thirst

Abdomen: Distension

Pain in general (> bending double/cramping (before stool/> after stool)/Pain stitching (r.)

Tingling (ext. upwards)

Rectum: Constipation/diarrhea (morning (driving out of bed)

Formication in anus

Pain burning

Urging, desire [morning (on waking)/evening (21 h.)/night]

Stool: Acrid, corrosive, excoriating/bloody

Color light-colored/orange/(golden) yellow/

Loose/Soft/profuse

Odor offensive

Bladder: Urination involuntary night, incontinence in bed while dreaming of urinating

Urine: Color yellow bright/Odor strong/Scanty

Female genitalia: Leucorrhea (yellow greenish)

Menses frequent, too early, too soon/too late (17 days)

Pain General (ovaries (r.)

Sexual desire increased

Speech & voice: hoarseness (on waking)

Respiration accelerated/Anxious

Respitation difficult from mucus in the throat

Cough: Air dry/< daytime/> drinking/from mucus in throat/< Respiration/> warmth

Heaviness/itching

Pain > cough.

Pain General (< walking/> sitting/(ext. to) Clavicle neck/Mammae (l.) ext. to nipple/Lungs (r.)/Sternum/sides (l./r.)

Pain cutting (l.)/inspiration/ext. to back/sore, bruised (Mammae)

Pain stitching (r.)/< walking)/Mammae (ext to nipple)

Palpitation heart (after frightening dream/during perspiration/axilla)

Eruptions Sacral region

Numbness (cervical regions (ext. arm)

Pain General

Perspiration (cervical region (< in sleep)

Stiffness (Cervical region (turning head)/Dorsal region)

Tension (Cervical region /Dorsal region/behind scapulae)

Extremeties: Awkwardness (coldness (hands)/Cracked skin Fingers

Heat (upper limbs)

Numbness, insensibility [r./forearm/hand (r.)]

Perspiration lower limbs (leg/arms)

Stiffness Shoulder (r.)

Tingling (Hand (waking)

Warts Foot

PAIN General (upper limbs (shoulder (ext. to arm)/on waking/ wrist (r.)/fingers r./lower limbs [l./sciatica (< walking (> continued walking)]

/buttocks (l.)/leg (l.)/foot (> while sitting/sole)/cutting/Neuralgic

Sleep: Disturbed/Sleepless (from thoughts/after waking (from dreams)

Chill (evening/night)/Coldness in general

Dreams: absurd/airports/amorous/anger/animals (bats/dissection/horses head/mice (dead)/moose/snake)/beautiful/death bodies/being busy/electric candles /cars driving on right side of the road in England/cars (chasing)/child, children/

climbing/Clothing coat (down comforter/beautiful/silk)/confused/foreign country (England/ France)/crimes/criminals/dancing/death (father/relatives/and sex)/of dying/desolate areas/ being dirty/disputes/driving (car (in a cornfield)/falling/own family/father/fearlessness/fights (sword)/gruesome/food (deserts/in detail/pancakes/ selling/preparing)/forgetting something/ flying/frined (old)/frightful/guns/helicopters/hiding (behind crocks)/houses (nice and clean)/ intrusion /lying in bed (with lover)/meeting someone/money/motorcycles (driving into a mall)/mountains (climbing)/moving, relocating/music/necklace (too tight)/being old/paries/of pleasure/people (chinese/with guns/meeting)/plants (growing fast/ dead)/being questioned/ race/ being robbed/sand dunes/shopping (in a mall)/singing/speedskating/ strange/ terror/f orgetting things/toilet/strange town/urinating (in a paperbag)/violent/waiting for someone/ being watched (while urinating)/ water (falling in/leaking/ swimming in/swimming pools/boats/women

Fever: Heat in general

Perspiration: Morning (on waking)/night (during sleep)/< motion

Skin: Cracks, fissures (after washing)

Discoloration greenish/yellow

Eruptions General (itching/pimples)/warts

Manipulative/smart/concerned about appearance/takes high risk/agile/likes to jump/impulsive/calculating/always five steps ahead/wants his way/anxious/chewing nails/

nibbling collars and shirtsleeves/difficult falling asleep/nightmares (animals)/night terrors/rages/fits (with throwing objects)/threatening to kill/take a knife and cut the family dog into pieces/get a gun and shoot/you and your brains will be all over the floor and it will be a gooey mess.”/

afraid of wasps and bees.

Prescribing Brown Recluse

“Do not wish to be seen at school… Don’t want to interact with anyone… Decide to just stay home today.“ Contradictoryto Tarent. “He just likes to stay at home. Doesn’t want to go to school or out in public much. He tells us he doesn’t like going to the first-grade classroom because it’s too loud. It really bothers him when we turn on the mixer in the house.” “Like I said, he’s kind of reclusive.” Sneaky/does not obey

‘I wanna surprise you,” which means that he’s up to something.” increased tendency to watch television

Decide to just stay home today. I don’t really want to deal with people on any level.

Do not wish to be seen at school or see.

Don’t want to interact with anyone.

Dyslexia while taking case today. I knew the words I wanted to write, but I’d be writing the wrong letters.

Felt like being rude and outspoken.

The symptoms of the provers were intense:

gloom and + industriousness.

This remedy is proving to be an important one. It adds to our materia medica a remedy which can treat suicidal

depression. Additionally, I see it as an important remedy for physical conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome and

muscular rheumatic complaints, including fibromyalgia.

It also bears importance for individuals who have been involved in violence, either as a victim or as a perpetrator. I

have seen both the suicidal impulses and the violence cured with this remedy.

Repertorium:

Gemüt: Alkoholismus

Angst/Furcht (vor der Dunkelheit)/furchtlos

Anorexia nervosa

Beleidigt, leicht

Beschwerden durch Verlegenheit

Betrug, Täuschungen

Erhöhte Bewusstheit (für Farben/Anwesenheit von Vögeln)

Delirium

Distanziert

Empfindlich (gegen Geräusche)

Erregt

Erschöpft geistig

Exzentrik, überspannt

Macht Fehler [schreibend (falsch Worte)/i.B. auf die Zeit]

Fliehen, versucht zu

Froh (# Suizidgedanken)

Gedächtnisschwäche (für das, was eben getan hat)

Gedanken sexuell

In Gedanken versunken/klarer Verstand/Konzentration gut, aktiv/Konzentration schwierig

Geschäftig, betriebsam

Gesellschaft abgeneigt

Gewissenhaft, peinlich genau i.B. auf Kleinigkeiten

Gleichgültig, Apathie (freudlos)

Grausam/grob

Verlangt, nach Hause zu gehen

Hast, Eile/hitzig, feurig

Imbezil (Negativismus)

Kummer, Trauer (still)

Lachen

Lebhaft, munter

Mutig

Optimistisch

Raserei, Tobsucht, Wut

Redselig, geschwätzig (wechselt schnell von einem Thema zum anderen)

Reizbar, gereizt (bei Kindern/vor Menses)

Ruhelos

Schweigsam/Seelenruhe, gelassen

Sentimental, schwärmerisch, rührselig

Seufzen

Sonderbar, fremd, merkwürdig - Sonderling

Spotten (Sarkasmus, beißender Spott)

Suizidneigung; Neigung zum Selbstmord (Gedanken an Selbstmord)/Gedanken an den Tod

Tadelsüchtig, krittelig/tadelt sich selbst, macht sich Vorwürfe

Traurig [morgens (erwachend)/über die Umwelt]

Unbesonnen, unachtsam

Untätig

Vergesslich

„Wie verlassen zu sein“ („Wie isoliert“)

Verwirrt geistig (i.B. auf die Zeit)

Verzweiflung

Wahnideen - fühlt sich alt/Geist habe sich vom Körper getrennt/sei von der Welt getrennt/sieht Insekten/Körper sei kleiner/Körper würde hässlich aussehen/würde kritisiert/schwebend (in der Luft)/sei unbesiegbar/sei unsichtbar/alles erscheint unwirklich/vergrößert/sei verhext

Weint (vor Menses)

Zorn

Kopf: Schmerz [nachts/heftig/intermittierende, aussetzende Schmerz/Hinterkopf (r.)/Stirn (r./dumpf/über den Augen)]

Auge: Ekchymose

gelb

Pupillen erweitert

Ohr: Geräusche im Ohr, Ohrgeräusche wenige

„Wie hohl“

Völlegefühl

Nase: Schmerz [innerlich (wund schmerzend)/in Nasenspitze (wund schmerzend)

Gesicht: blass/gelb/rot und erregt

Rissige Mundwinkel r.

Schwellung

Trockene Lippen

Mund: blau

Schmerz im Zahnfleisch (wund schmerzend)

Trocken

Innerer Hals: Entzündet

Schleim

Schlucken - schwierig

Schmerz [Mandeln (wund schmerzend)]

Geschwollen ödematös

Magen: Appetit vermindert/Durst

Auftreibung nachts

Leeregefühl

Schmerz (krampfartig)

Übel (morgens)

Erbricht (häufig/während intermittierendem Fieber)

Bauch: Bewegungen innerlich

Leber entzündet/vergrößert

Kribbeln innerlich

Schläge in Becken (erstr. nach oben)

Geschwollen in Leistengegend

Vergrößerte Milz

Rektum: Durchfall - morgens < unmittelbar nach dem Aufstehen/morgens - erwacht mit Stuhldrang

Schmerz (brennend)

Stuhl: Blutig/gelb - orange/weich

Nieren: Nephrose/Nierenversagen

Blase: Blutung

Harnverhaltung

Urin: Blutig/dunkel/rot - dunkelrot

Spezifisches Gewicht erhöht

enthält Zylinder

Weibliche Genitalien: Fluor - grünlichgelb

Schmerz in Ovarien r.

Kehlkopf und Trachea: Ödem in Glottis

Stimme - heiser, Heiserkeit (erwachend)

Atmung: Asphyxie

Atemnot, Dyspnoe, erschwertes Atmen

Beschleunigt

Giemen, keuchend pfeifendes Atmen

Husten: < trockene Luft

Trocken

Brust: Zusammenschnürung

Herzklopfen nachts

Schmerz [< Gehen/stechend/seitlich (r./l.)]

Rücken: Schmerz [nachts (< im Bett)/< Aufstehen vom Sitzen/< drehend im Bett/> streckend/Lumbalregion (l./Knie)/Sakroiliakalgelenke/in Wirbelsäule/in Zervikalregion im Schlaf]

Steifheit (in Zervikalregion)

Glieder: „Wie elektrischem Strom“

Gefühllose, taube Hände

Kalte Hände

Schmerz - Gelenke/Gesäß l./Hüfte/Knie/Schultern/Unterschenkel

Steifheit - morgens < nach Aufstehen/< Aufstehen/in Schultern

Ungeschickt

Schlaf: Gestört

Schlaflos < nach dem Erwachen/schläfrig

Träume: sehr beschäftigt zu sein/Boote/Erdbeben/erfolglose Anstrengungen beim Hochklettern einer Sanddüne/Fahren mit dem Auto (aktiv, als Fahrer)/zu Fliegen/von alten Freunde/Gehen in der Dunkelheit/Gemüse/2 Gesichter - sieht nur eines, es sind aber 2 Gesichter/Gewehre, Schusswaffen/Kämpfe/zu Klettern (zu fallen, zu stürzen)/von Kriminellen, Verbrechern/fremdes Land/Leichen/von Kerzenlicht/Menschenmengen/Musik/Parties/Pflanzen wachsen schnell/Räuber, Diebe, Einbrecher/Schlangen springen auf sie zu/Schwimmen/sexuell/Singen/vom Zubereiten von Speisen (Nachspeisen)/von Verwandten/Wasser lassen (in der Öffentlichkeit)/Vater/etwas vergessen zu haben/Wasser/Einzelheiten von Wüsten mit vielen Details/Zuschauen - Hubschraubern, Helikoptern

Fieber: Hitze im Allgemeinen

Intensive Hitze

Frost: im Allgemeinen

Schweiß: Reichlich

Haut: Ekchymosen

Blass/gelb/marmoriert/schwärzlich - graue Flecken

Gangrän

Blasen zyanotisch

Hautausschläge - (flüchtiges) Erythem/“Wie Flohbisse“/Papeln/Petechien

Jucken

Narben - dunkel marmoriert/purpurn, blaurot (danach schwarz)/schwarz nahe der Mitte

Prickeln, Kribbeln

Schmerz (fein stechend)

Schwellung

Trocken

Verhärtungen, Knoten etc.

Allgemeines: Nachmittags (1- 18 h) - 17 h - 17.30 h

Anämie

Übermaß, Überschuss an Energie

Entzündet - > Eis/> kalte Anwendungen/Zellgewebe

Eosinophilie

„Wie Hitze“

Konvulsionen epileptisch

Leukozytose

Nekrose - > Eis/> kalte Anwendungen/< Hitze/< warme Anwendungen

Ohnmacht

Schmerz [Wehtun/wund schmerzend/in Gelenke/innerlich (brennend)/in Muskeln]

Speisen und Getränke: Verlangt: Eier/Eiscreme/Leber/Milch/Süßigkeiten/Zwiebeln;

Verletzungen - > Eis/> kalte Anwendungen/< Hitze

Schwäche (+ übel)

> Sitzen

Steifheit

Wunden heilen langsam

Repertorium:

Absorbed/Brooding/Alcoholism/Anger (# quick repentance)/Anorexia nervosa

Anxiety (of conscience/in dark/from pains) /full of cares
Ardent/Awareness heightened (presence of birds)

Awkwardness

Bed desires to remain in/Curl up desires to

Censorious, critical/reproaching himself

Cheerfulness (with pain)/Clarity of mind/Colors bright >/Colors seem brighter/colors

Company aversion to/desire for/ Desires silence

Concentration active/difficult/ Confusion (time)

Confidence want of self/Conscientious about trifles/> Consolation/Contented/Courageous

Cruelty/desires/talks of death (+ fear)/thoughts of death (without fear)

Detached

Despair (of recovery (morning on waking)

Detached

Exentricity/Embarrassment/Excitement

Ennui, boredom/Escape desire

F(animals/bats/dark/having taken her photo)/fearlessness

Forgetfulness/Lose things tendency to

Forsaken feeling

Grief (silent)/desire to hide/desires to go home

Heedless

Hurry, haste

Hypocrisy

Indifference, apathy

Industrious, mania for work

Intolerance/Mocking

Invincible feeling

Irritability (before Menses)

Joyless

Laughing (+ sad)

Loquacity (changing quickly from one subject to another)

Liar

Memory weakness, loss of

Mildness

Mistakes in spelling/time/writing

Noise desire for

Obstinate, headstrong/Offended easily

Optimistic

Overwhelmed

Painting amel.

Persists in nothing

Philosophy ability for

Prostration of mind

Postponing everything to next day

Rage, fury

Rudeness

Run urge to

Sadness weeping impossible/sad, despondency, depression, melancholy (on waking/> weeping)

Secretive

Senses acute

Senses acute of breathing/of self

Senses confused

Sensitive to noise/oversensitive (to reprimands, criticism, reproaches)

Sentimental

Sighing

Sit inclination to/Spaced-out feeling

Suicidal disposition (best way to do it/by hanging/throwing himself from a height/hanging from a noose/thoughts

Talk indisposed to, desire to be silent, taciturn/Talk, talking, talks hasty

Thoughts clearness of

Thoughts (of disease/morbid/sexual/of sin),

Time fritters away his/Time loss of conception of

Tranquility, serenity, calmness

Vigilance

Vivacious

Weeping tendency (easily/before Menses)

Writing aversion to writing down her symptoms

Vertigo:< exertion/rising from bed

Constriction

Heaviness

Tingling (ext to jaw)

Eye: Discoloration yellow/ecchymosis (l.)

Pain burning

Pupils dilated

“As if full”

Ear: Noises in General (l./r.)/noises in high pitched/hissing/ringing (morning)

Pain in general morning (waking/afternoond/night/l./r./< cold/on swallowing/ on touch/ext. to jaw/stitching

Hearing: Illusions sounds (appto come from inside the head)

Nose: Coryza/discharge clear

Eruptions inside (r.)/Pain sore, bruised inside

Smell Acute

Mund: Aphthae on lips/Cracks corners of (r.)

Discoloration pales from excitement

Dryness lips/Heat flushes

Pain General around/General jaw (r./Druck >)/General cheek bones (r.)

Swelling eyes under/Tingling

Abscess of Gums/Aphthae/Cracked, fissured/Dryness/Pain General (Gums)

Teeth: Abscess of roots

Mucus/scraping/Pain General (morning/on waking/> drinking/> salt

Stomach: Appetite diminished/increased/wanting

Emptiness, weak feeling, faintness, goneness, hungry feeling

Eructations/Heartburn/Nausea (morning/> eating/while riding in a car/after sleep

Pain General (eructation/cramping)

Thirst

Abdomen: Distension

Pain in general (> bending double/cramping (before stool/> after stool)/Pain stitching (r.)

Tingling (ext. upwards)

Rectum: Constipation/diarrhea (morning (driving out of bed)

Formication in anus

Pain burning

Urging, desire [morning (on waking)/evening (21 h.)/night]

Stool: Acrid, corrosive, excoriating/bloody

Color light-colored/orange/(golden) yellow/

Loose/Soft/profuse

Odor offensive

Bladder: Urination involuntary night, incontinence in bed while dreaming of urinating

Urine: Color yellow bright/Odor strong/Scanty

Female genitalia: Leucorrhea (yellow greenish)

Menses frequent, too early, too soon/too late (17 days)

Pain General (ovaries (r.)

Sexual desire increased

Speech & voice: hoarseness (on waking)

Respiration accelerated/Anxious

Respitation difficult from mucus in the throat

Cough: Air dry/< daytime/> drinking/from mucus in throat/< Respiration/> warmth

Heaviness/itching

Pain > cough.

Pain General (< walking/> sitting/(ext. to) Clavicle neck/Mammae (l.) ext. to nipple/Lungs (r.)/Sternum/sides (l./r.)

Pain cutting (l.)/inspiration/ext. to back/sore, bruised (Mammae)

Pain stitching (r.)/< walking)/Mammae (ext to nipple)

Palpitation heart (after frightening dream/during perspiration/axilla)

Eruptions Sacral region

Numbness (cervical regions (ext. arm)

Pain General

Perspiration (cervical region (< in sleep)

Stiffness (Cervical region (turning head)/Dorsal region)

Tension (Cervical region /Dorsal region/behind scapulae)

Extremeties: Awkwardness (coldness (hands)/Cracked skin Fingers

Heat (upper limbs)

Numb, insensibility [r./forearm/hand (r.)]

Perspiration lower limbs (leg/arms)

Stiff Shoulder (r.)

Tingling (Hand (waking)

Warts Foot

PAIN General (upper limbs (shoulder (ext. to arm)/on waking/ wrist (r.)/fingers r./lower limbs (l./imbs sciatica (< walking (> continued walking)

/buttocks (l.)/leg (l.)/foot (> while sitting/sole)/cutting/Neuralgic

Sleep Disturbed/Sleepless (from thoughts/after waking (from dreams)

Chill (evening/night)/Coldness in general

Fever: Heat in general

Perspiration: Morning (on waking)/night (during sleep)/< motion

Skin: Cracks, fissures (after washing)

Discoloration greenish/yellow

Eruptions General (itching/pimples)/warts

Generals: Evening </> night

Allergy

< bathing, washing

“As if empty, hollow”

lots of energy

Aversion: alcohol, alcoholic, cold drinks/fish/garlic/rich food/seafood/spices/condiments/highly seasoned food

<: cole slaw /tea >: orange juice/tea

Desires: Eggs/ice.cream/sweets/liver/meat/onions/acids/tea (green, lukewarm)

Heat flushes of /sensation # with sensation of cold

Heaviness internally (l.)

Lie down inclination to

Pain Joints/of muscles/aching/burning/cutting/neuralgic/sore, bruised/pressing outward/snitching

Pulse frequent, accelerated, elevated, exalted, fast, innumerable, rapid/frequent/accelerated on waking

Shocks electric, like (l.)

> Sitting

Stiffness, rigidity

< working with hands in water.

Weakness, enervation, exhaustion

Weary (morning (on waking)

> wind.

Wounds heal: slow

Allerlei: Loxosceles reclusa is a major resident in U.S. east from Texas to South Carolina/south from Indiana to Alabama. Warm dry climates /seclusion during daylight hours/web spun for shelter, not for trapping food/Hunting and prey: at night in search of insects.

Loxosceles parrami (Loxo-p)

Repertorium:

Allgemeines: Eosinophilie

Vorwort/Suchen Zeichen/Abkürzungen Impressum