Bothrops
lanceolatus (Both) = lanceolatus/= Martinique-Lanzenotter/=
Yellow Viper/= Lanzenotter
http://www.narayana-verlag.de/homoeopathie/pdf/schlangen-spinnen-pilze-farokh-j-master.01639_1.pdf
Vergleich: Enthalten in: Naja comp. w;
Comparison Both-l. + Crot-h + Lach + Naja +
Vip
Comparison Tilia cordata with Bothrops lanceolatus.
Vergleich: Bothrops atrox + Bothrops
lanceolatus + Bothrops jararaca
Pyrog.
Siehe: Anacardiumgruppe + Anhang (Otto Leeser/Amati
Holle/Massimo Mangliavori) + Anhang 2 + Schlangen allgemein + Schiebegruppe +
Vergiftung: 1. Schock/Schmerz/Ödem, 2. Dünndarm blutet/geschwollene Schleimhäuten innerlich, Kehle trocken + Durst, 3. Blindheit/Tod durch Erschöpfung o. Geschwüren (bis Knochen);
First stages remind strongly of Crot-h.
1. With PAIN edema spreads immediately and rapidly,
2. serosanguinous infiltration of the subcutaneous tissue, ecchymoses
and hemorrhage.
3. Bleeding occurs from the engorged mucous membranes and skin, the
throat is parched, thirst intense.
4. Complete exhaustion may lead to the fatal end.
5. Where death does not supervene, suppuration, necrosis, gangrene and
sloughing of tissues to the bones may lead to gross mutilation;
Lokal häufig Blutung aus Bissstelle, meist innerhalb Minuten - ½ - 2 Stunden Schmerz + Ödem, manchmal minimale Lokaleffekte; Schwellungszunahme [ganzes Glied in ersten 24 h (- Kompartimentsyndrom)];
Schmerzhafte Lymphknotenschwellung; in 12 h Blasen, lokale Purpura; Nekrosebildung (meist nur bis Subkutangewebe), aber auch Schädigung lokaler Muskulatur ist möglich.
Üblicherweise 1 – 6 h nach Biss beginnend, Schock FRÜH.
Herz: frühzeitig Hypotonie bis Schock durch vasoaktive Substanzen, Arrhythmie
Verbrauchskoagulopathie mit Fibrinogenabfall meist nur für 6 - 12h; Gerinnungsstörung ohne Antiserum selten auch 10 - 12d anhaltend;
Nierenversagen bei schwerer Intoxikation meist > 6h nach Biss mit Nierennekrose.
Fibrinogen-koagulierende Komponenten;
Negativ: A. < eating, B. Developing strokes from hypertension. C. Developing high blood pressure after the stroke, D. Blindness after stroke;
Träge/müde, trockner Kehle + Durst, Tagesblindheit, schwarz, kann nicht mehr sehen, sprechen, ringt nach Worten;
[Dr. Egidio Galli]
Bothrops lanceolatus stands out as the remedy which gives the best
similarity, not for the patient but for the illness, as it covers all the
symptoms reported as adverse reactions, even if the symptoms are often only to
the first degree due to the fact that it is a remedy with few provings (only 236
symptoms) and little clinical confirmation.
Dr.
Egidio Gallio discusses the advantages of incorporating into homeopathy the
“omics” sciences, which aim at the characterization and quantification of
biological molecules that translate into the structure, function, and dynamics
of an organism.
BACKGROUND ‘omics’ sciences Siehe https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-43033-1_1
Hahnemann
tells us: The physician’s duty is the knowledge of the full medicinal power of
the remedies” Organon par.3.
Is
it possible to improve this knowledge by using modern ‘omics’ sciences? The
object of omics science is to characterise biological molecules in order to
delineate structure, function and dynamics in an organism. Genomics,
transcriptomics and proteomics respectively study the genetic information
(DNA), messenger RNAs (mRNA) and proteins of the cell.
The
‘whole’ to which the suffix omics alludes, is not only the totality of the
information that DNA, RNA and proteins contain, but also the totality of the
functional interactions that underlie cellular metabolic processes and
determine the difference between cell and cell or organism and organism.
We
now know that it is not just DNA that determines this difference: it is gene
expression, its regulation, post-transcriptional modifications and
post-translational modifications that proteins undergo. These are networks of
‘non-linear’ interactions that are created between the three components DNA,
RNA, proteins.
We
must remember, for example, that not all RNAs code for proteins, but many of
them perform a function without ever being translated, such as Trna
transporters
of
amino acids or the so-called non-coding RNAs that regulate cellular processes,
first and foremost gene expression.
The
integration of omics sciences and technologies, in what is known as complex
systems biology, thus makes it possible to improve understanding of the system,
considered as a set of biological molecules that make it up. These brief hints
make us understand the innovative depth of an “omics” approach and the
possibility of moving towards an increasingly “individualised” study that
respects the uniqueness of the person and gives meaning to his “peculiar ways
of feeling, acting and suffering”, which Hahnemann also places as the basis of
the search for a remedy that carries similar information in its biology.
The
venom of the snake Bothrops lanceolatus or jararaca, from which an important
homeopathic remedy is derived, has been studied using this method, revealing
a
vast therapeutic power, opening up a new avenue for the knowledge and study of
homeopathic remedies on a scientific basis.
Materials And Methods
The
homeopathic Bothrops lanceolatus constitutes the likely anatomo-pathological
simillimum for Covid -19 as evidenced by a range of evidence. Unique among
snake venoms, it contains molecules such as:
1)
an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, BPP5a,
(Bradykinin-Potentiating Peptide), which binds, like the virus, to the ACE
receptor 2 structurally very similar to ACE, and part of a regulatory complex
linked to the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone (SRAA) system, which regulates
extracellular fluid volume, particularly blood volume. This nonapeptide was the
precursor to the ACE inhibitors and sartans that revolutionised hypertension
therapy. The ACE2 receptor, which is almost ubiquitous in the body, is also the
same binding site for the spike protein used by Sars-Cov-2 to penetrate human
cells, and the spike is also the elective target of the immune reaction
triggered by anti-Covid vaccines.
2)
A BjSP serine protease from the venom is analogous to the viral transmembrane
serine protease type 2 (TMPRS2), which increases viral uptake at the cell wall
almost 100-fold.
And
again, shared with other snake venoms:
3)
metalloendopeptidases that degrade the extracellular matrix and components of
the coagulation cascade leading to haemorrhage, oedema, inflammation and
necrosis up to consumption coagulopathy (DIC). Diffuse endothelitis and
thromboinflammation cause severe heparin-resistant thromboembolic
complications, typical of Covid.
4)
Phospholipase A2: contributes to oedema, myotoxicity and coagulation disorders.
Bradykinin-mediated
alveolar angioedema, released by zinc-dependent metalloproteinases and by
phospholipase A2 of the venom, is characterised by resistance to
corticosteroids.
5)
C-type lectin with anticoagulant, procoagulant, platelet activation
agonist/antagonist action.
In
COVID-19, ACE2 is reduced (downregulation) and cannot balance ACE and its
vasoconstrictive, inflammatory, oxidative stress and mitochondrial depletion
effects. The transformation of angiotensin II into angiotensin 1-7, which has
“opposite” effects (vasodilation, antiproliferative and anti-fibrotic effects),
is also reduced.
The
almost ubiquitous presence of ACE2 in many cell types, and also in a soluble
circulating form, accounts for the great variety of symptoms expressed, but
also for
the
broad spectrum of action, still partly unknown, of Bothrops.
The
homeopathic Bothrops is therefore a candidate not only for the treatment of
COVID -19 pictures with thromboembolic complications from multi-organ
vasculitis,
as
demonstrated in another publication (3), but also for preventing adverse events
related to vaccines (4), both mRna and GMO viral vector, as they induce the
synthesis of the spike protein, which is intrinsically capable of activating
endothelitis.
It
could also be considered in persistent symptoms of the so-called Long – Covid
(5).
The homeopathic pathogenesis of B. is typically derived from:
—
The homeopathic proving of Bothrops (6-7) shows a certain
number of physical and mental functional symptoms, but apart from having been
carried out on relatively few subjects compared with similar remedies, such as
Lachesis m. or Crotalus h., it can never be pushed to the point of harming the
prover, nor can it be protracted for too long, with loss of information.
Moreover,
it does not allow us to have data on the chronic action of the remedy, although
it can highlight a certain sensitive type, through repeated provings. The
quality of the proving itself in general is very much conditioned by the
experience and competence of the proving staff and it is difficult to replicate
it on large numbers.
—
The toxicology of the venom (8), which faithfully reproduces
the typical clinical effects of Covid-19 in all stages of severity according to
individual susceptibility, is fundamentally based on snakebite poisonings and
provides insight into the related acute organ-lesional damage.
–Finally,
the clinic, the third source of homeopathic pathogenesis, tells
us of symptoms repeatedly cured over time by the prescription of the remedy,
but with relative reliability.
A new possibility of study for deeper knowledge:
—Omic
sciences can provide access to a new source of pathogenetic
information of homeopathic remedies, particularly those of biological origin,
using information from analysis of the characteristic transcriptome and
proteinome, far beyond simple traditional analysis.
From
these data, it is possible to gain an insight into the complexity and peculiarities
of the biological ‘totum’ of the substance of origin, as used in homeopathic
medicine for the search of the simillimum, but starting from objective,
measurable, reproducible data.
In
classical pharmacological research, on the other hand, these analyses are
mainly carried out to obtain active ingredients from which new therapeutic
agents on specific functions can be obtained.
In
the case of Bothrops jararaca, the great interest aroused by the richness and
variety of biopeptides it contains led to a study of deep sequencing of its
mRNA library, allowing the identification through transcriptome analysis of as
many as 76,765 de novo assembled isoforms, 96,044 transcribed genes and 41,196
unique proteins, 78 distinct functional classes of proteins, including toxins,
inhibitors and tumour suppressors.
Another
study applied a large-scale proteomic approach to gain extensive knowledge of
the composition of the venom. Using functional genomics coupled with the
connectivity map approach (C-map) in the above work, a direct search for the
biological activities of venom incubated with the human mammary adenocarcinoma
cell line (MCF7) was performed followed by RNA extraction and gene expression
analysis.
The
aim was to submit the list of up and down-regulated genes for C-map analysis in
order to screen an expanded panel of biosimilar drug activities related to B.
jararaca venom. In a list of 90 differentially expressed genes that was
proposed for the discovery of 100 positively correlated drugs with the highest
score, only the antihypertensive, antimicrobial (both antibiotics and
antiparasitic) and anticancer classes had been previously reported for B.
jararaca venom .
In
a second study (2), a proteomic approach was devised in which Bothrops j. venom
was fractionated by OFFGEL followed by chromatography, generating peptide and
protein fractions. The latter was subjected to trypsin digestion. Both
fractions were analysed separately by reversed-phase nanochromatography coupled
to high-resolution mass spectrometry.
This
strategy allowed deeper and joint characterisations of the peptidome and
proteome (proteopeptidome) of this venom. Our results lead to the
identification of 46 protein classes, comprising eight high-abundance venom
components and 38 additional classes in lower abundance.
RESULTS
Summary
information on the already known components of Bothrops jararaca venom:
Jararhagin,
Metalloendopeptidase : Degrades components of the extracellular matrix and
coagulation cascade leading to haemorrhage, oedema, inflammation and necrosis,
apoptosis through production of ROS.
Serine
endopeptidase: Affects platelet aggregation, blood coagulation, fibrinolysis,
the complement system, blood pressure and the nervous system, has a high
affinity for the TMPRS2 protein which promotes penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into
cells.
C-type
lectin / similar to C-type lectin: Anticoagulant, procoagulant, platelet
activation agonist/antagonist
Cysteine-rich
secretory protein: Induces an inflammatory response and affects the complement
system (generation of anaphylatoxins), CNS action
Phospholipase
A 2: Myotoxicity, neurotoxicity, anticoagulant effects, antiviral and
antibiotic activity towards gram-positives and negatives
L-amino
acid oxidase: Agonist and antagonist of platelet aggregation; induces
apoptosis
Vascular
endothelial growth factor : Increases vascular permeability
Bothrojaracin
(BJC): Potent antithrombotic action by selective thrombin inhibition
C-type
natriuretic peptides and bradykinin potentiation: Vasodilation by
inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme through binding to ACE and ACE2
receptor
Phosphodiesterase:
Release of pyrimidines and purines, which may contribute to increased
vascular permeability
Hyaluronidase:
Degrades hyaluronic acid present in the extracellular matrix, facilitating
the spread of toxins
Ecto-5′-nucleotidase:
Release of pyrimidine and purine, which may contribute to increased vascular
permeability
Inhibitor
of metalloendopeptidase: Inhibits enzymatic and haemorrhagic activity of snake
venom metalloendopeptidases; found in abundance in snake plasma (protective
mechanism)
Disintegrin:
Inhibits platelet aggregation, anti-tumour action
Cobra
venom factor b : Activates complement cascade
Three-finger
toxin b, Sarafatoxin: Neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity effects targeting
nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholinesterase receptors, beta1 and
beta2-adrenergic receptors and L-type calcium channels.
Batroxobine
: Effective in all heparin-resistant coagulation
defects.
Also makes a hemostatic superglue for
wounds.
In
a list of 90 differentially expressed genes that was proposed for the discovery
of 100 positively correlated drugs with the highest score, only the
antihypertensive, antimicrobial (both antibiotics and anti-parasitic) and
anticancer classes had been previously reported for B. jararaca venom.
Most
of the drug classes identified were related to:
1)
antimicrobial anti-parasitic and antiviral activity;
2)
treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases (Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s,
schizophrenia, depression and epilepsy);
3)
treatment of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, heart failure,
decompensation, arrhythmias;
4)
anti-inflammatory and/or analgesic action, b-endorphin stimulation;
5)
gastroesophageal diseases and diabetes;
6)
oncological diseases, induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis in tumour
cells.
The
C-map results also indicated that the venom may have components that target
G-protein-coupled receptors (muscarinic, serotonergic, histaminergic,
dopaminergic, GABA and adrenergic) and ion channels.
In
addition, this work has indicated the existence of additional active components
of venom that could potentially be used in the treatment of other novel
disorders.
The
omics technologies, as demonstrated by the example of the Bothrops
proteopeptidome, with their sequencing accuracy may open up new and interesting
possibilities for study and research even in homeopathic medicine, which
instead uses the energetic and biochemical ‘totum’ according to the Law of
Similes, revealing misunderstood aspects such as to consider it a polychrest.
Derived considerations:
1)
Demonstration of the wide spectrum of therapeutic action of a unique
homeopathic remedy used in its totality thanks to its biological complexity,
overcoming the limits of the single symptomatic active principle but on
condition of a deep and global individualisation allowed only by the
homeopathic methodology at present.
2)
Scientifically founded justification of the symptomatology treated and curable
by a certain remedy.
3)
Enlargement in the knowledge of foreseeable effects resulting from homeopathic
experimentation, from toxicology and from the clinic of a remedy, even if
already known, both in acute and chronic conditions, thanks to the highlighting
of the biological action tropisms in an enlarged systemic vision.
4)
Potential contribution to the differential diagnosis between remedies and to a
better selection of the individual simillimum.
5)
Proposal of new remedies to be tested with a rich transcriptome and proteinome
suggestive of high clinical interest.
6)
Establishing scientific criteria of plausibility of the Law of Similitude and
homeopathic therapy through pharmacological and biochemical correlations and
interaction with the PNEI system.
7)
Discovery of new fields of application, which currently escape the traditional
methods of studying the therapeutic potential of substances.
8)
Prediction of possible secondary or dissimilar effects of the incorrectly
indicated remedy on the symptomatic whole.
9)
Study of the in vitro action of different remedies, dilutions, dynamization,
pharmacopraxis methods to demonstrate their efficacy and optimise their
clinical use.
10)
A revision of the homeopathic Materia Medica based on omics sciences would be
of great interest to widen the pathogenesis and to justify it scientifically.
CONCLUSION
The
study of the transcriptome and proteinome of Bothrops lanceolatus can be a
precursor to an improved methodological approach for the study of homeopathic
pharmacopoeia and its extension, improving the possibility of accurate
prescription and differential diagnosis between similar remedies, to achieve
more and more precision medicine.
The
analysis of genomic patterns integrated by the expression of DNA, RNA,
metabolites and proteins, to identify their biological roles in the response to
diseases and drugs, is of great interest for a finally holistic approach to the
biological complexity underlying the problems of health, disease and target
therapy.
As
has often been the case in the past, homeopathic medicine, with its original
empirical-experimental-vitalist system, has anticipated the correct direction
to take in order to orientate towards a radical and not merely symptomatic and
ephemeral solution.
The
omics sciences, which are in the vanguard of biomedicine, allow new
possibilities of knowledge and research of new therapeutic molecules; however,
if we do not overcome the reductionist and materialistic vision currently
dominant, progress will be equally ephemeral.
Homeopathy,
which has always been based on systemic concepts and on the personalisation of
therapy, can take advantage of these new discoveries and technologies to
perfect its knowledge and methodology, but also to build a bridge of ever closer
scientific sharing with academic medicine which will allow a therapeutic
continuum to be established between classical pharmacology, low-dose
pharmacology and ultramolecular doses, enhancing with equal dignity both the
therapeutic law of contraries and the
law
of similes, in order to achieve together the ideal of a single medicine that
can provide the best possible solutions to diseases not only of man but also of
all beings in the biosphere.
[Farokh Master] = Gelbe Viper/= Fer-de-Lance
Verbreitungsgebiet: Martinique
Gift in Glyzerinlösung, Potenzen in rektifiziertem Alkohol.
Hat keine Gemütssymptome außer „vergisst Wörter sprechend“, („nach Worten suchend“)
Anaemia
Associated thrombocytopenia
Blackness of the affected part
Hemorrhagic blood is thin, dark, black and non-coagulable
Patient may have twitching of the muscle here and there.
Person can bleed from any orifice of the body
Pulse is slow and weak
There is H/O gangrene or recurrent thrombosis
Gemüt: Verwirrung, geistige
Vergesslich – vergisst Worte beim Sprechen/Aphasie
Benutzt falsche Worte;
Macht Fehler, weil er falsche Wörter benutzt
Beschwerden r.
Hämorrhagien – Dunkles Blut, das nicht gerinnt
> in einem dunklen Raum
Schmerzen durch Erschöpfung und Depression
Lähmung aufgrund von Thrombose und Embolie
Thromboembolie in den zentralen Gefäßen
Dieses Mittel hat sich als eine der wichtigsten homöopatischen Arzneien für jegliche Form von zerebraler Thromboembolien erwiesen – gekennzeichnet durch rechtsseitige Lähmung und
vollständiger Aphasie.
Faulig-aashafter Geruch, der sich weder auf Schweiss noch auf Atem zurückführen lässt.
Zerebrale Hämorrhagie aufgrund von Kopfverletzungen.
Thrombose und Hämorrhagie der Hauptarterie in der retina Blutungen aus den Augen, Sehschwäche, die sich im Sonnenlicht verstärkt.
Gangrän, rechtsseitig Knochengangrän, offene Beine mit nekrotisierenden Knochen.
Lungenödeme
Gute Resultate auch bei sehr hartnäckigen Fällen.
Schlangen - Träumt von Tieren, die sich paaren - Träumt von ungebührlichem Verhalten bei Männern und Frauen
Leitsymptome - Allgemeine
Frösteln – Rechtsseitige Symptome – Erträgt keine enge Kleidung – Pulsierende Gefühle, synchron mit Herzschlag -
Allergien im Frühjahr
Verlangt: kalte Getränke, gesalzener Speck;
Abneigung: Frühstück
Supraventrikuläre Tachykardie – Angst mit Herzrasen – „Als ob die gesamte Brust gebläht sei und das Herz sehr wund sei – Extreme Wahrnehmung des Herzens –
Erhöhter Puls – Herzflattern, schwacher Puls.
Angina pectoris – plötzlicher scharfes Stechen im Herzen gefolgt von dumpfen Schmerz, der langsam nachlässt – Scharfes Stechen im Herzen –
Dumpfer Schmerz im Herzbereich
Reizcolon – Durchfälle mit Krämpfen – Stuhl sieht aus wie Haferkleie – Herausschiessender wässriger Stuhl, häufig, mit dunklem Sediment, anfangs schmerzlos, einige Stunden später starke Schmerzen vor Stuhlgang. – Starke Durchfälle in der Nacht, reichlich, grau gefärbt, nicht schwächend – Herausplatzender Flatus mit Darmblähungen nach der geringsten Nahrungsaufnahme
- Abends großen Durst auf kaltes Wasser, mit trockenem Mund – Ekel vor Frühstücksspeisen – Appetitlosigkeit - Verlangt: gesalzener Speck;
Asthma – Dyspnoe (Atemnot) mit Todesangst – Erstickungsgefühl nach dem Zubettgehen abends – Muss den Kopf zurücklegen wegen zu starker Würgereize – Häufiges Seufzen - Trockener
Harter Husten gegen 3 h., der bis zum Abend anhält – Husten < schnellem Gehen/Treppensteigen/nach dem Zubettgehen abends; - Husten verursacht Tränen des l. Auges – Schaumig - Weißer Auswurf, morgens in allen Gelbfarben – Lockerer Husten am Morgen, mit schaumigem Auswurf
[Konstantinos Pisios]
Bothrops lanceolatus key note
Memory loss &Vision > in the dark [affinity to eyes]; Paralysis -
post stroke, one sided
Gangrene to the bones.
Bothrops rubrics
MIND; APHASIA; hemiplegia, with (3) *
HEAD; PARALYSIS; nerves (1) *
HEAD; CEREBRAL hemorrhage (61) ***
SPEECH & VOICE; SPEECH; slow (63) **
[Paul Herscu]
When I think of Bothrops, I am reminded of a story that I read in
college some years ago. It was of Damocles and his sword. Dionysius, the king, had a
subject, Damocles, who lamented about how great it would be to be the rich and
powerful, even for one day. Dionysius said great, come back and we will change
places for a day.
The next day, Damocles arrived to a feast in his honor. He ate the best
of foods, prepared by the finest chefs. He drank the finest wines, and enjoyed
the greatest of jewels.
By chance, he looked up. He was shocked to find a very, very sharp sword
hanging, point down, aimed straight at his head. It was held by a single
horse’s hair.
Horrified, he asked Dionysius why it was there. The short version of the
story has Dionysius share that all the rich and powerful had such a sword
hanging over their heads.
It was the difficult part, the responsibility, that came with the
benefits of power. Needless to say, Damocles gave up his desire to be a king.
Who can blame him?
The reason I am reminded of this myth has to do with a patient I
consulted on several years ago. He was a man who, in the prime of his life, all
of a sudden developed a pericarditis. With drugs it began to resolve only to
return once more. This time, though, the cardiologist noted that he was
beginning to have clots occlude his carotid arteries. With all the medical help
he received, with all of the drug therapies he tried, the clots were simply
becoming more numerous and larger. He had very little flow left going to his
brain. They told him that there was nothing more they could do for him. They
did not know why the drugs were not working. They had given up. It was only a
matter of time until the blockage would get so large as to end this vibrant,
young man’s life. And so he walked about, having this Sword of Damocles hanging
over his head with the thinnest
of hairs holding it in suspension, waiting for his time to run out.
Bothrops saved his life.
Bothrops is a remedy that is not well known to us. It has not had a
proper proving and has not been used in a grand way, outside of a few types of
situations. The reason we do not use it as often as we should has to do with
the fact that it lacks known symptoms. In fact, in the repertory it is listed
in only about eighty rubrics. That makes this remedy one of the smallest in our
materia medica. It is thought of for specific clinical uses such as thrombi,
strokes and heart attacks, during as well as after the attack.
It has such specific strong key symptoms in this sphere that the
pathology actually leads to the remedy. The remedy is given, it acts in some of
these situations and we confirm its use, but we still do not have a good
picture of the remedy.
By studying a number of my own patients that benefited greatly from
using Bothrops, as well as from a handful of cases that I consulted with
colleagues about, I was able to find common ideas, which lead to a Cycle of the
remedy. In this article, I shall describe some of these key features and see if
we can develop a fuller understanding of Bothrops.
The Cycle of this remedy as I see it is: Thrombi Formation, leading to
Fullness which leads to Restlessness.
The restlessness leads to Inflammation followed by Discharges like Bleeding.
The bleeding leads to Weakness and finally to a kind of Paralysis which
brings us back to the stuck sort of Segment of Thrombi Formation. Let’s go
through Segment by Segment and see how this Cycle unfolds.
The first main idea or Segment is the tendency towards Thrombosis. As I
mentioned, this is one of the main pathologies helped by this remedy. The
physical pathology is
only one example of a generalized thrombosis, a closing up. I have seen
this tendency in many of my Bothrops patients. The easiest way to notice this,
is to observe the paralytic effect on the face, mouth and eyes, where they are
basically closed. This paralysis we will talk about further along in this
article. The point is that the closing off nature is a very strong component of
this remedy.
Interestingly, the emotions often show this closed, shut down tendency
in Bothrops patients as well. One way to see it is in their obstinacy. Bothrops
patients, may feel quite strongly about their opinions. This is not necessarily
haughtiness or self-assuredness, it is more an issue of getting stuck in one
way of being. Could be confused with Calc.,
in obstinacy and even more so with Caus., especially if there is also
one-sided paralysis along with being strongly opinionated. It is this strong
stubborn opinion that becomes problematic after a stroke. Bothrops should be
added to the rubric, Mind, conscientious about trifles, in plain type.
After a stroke some people develop aphasia. Here, the Bothrops patient
wants to say something, but can not say it. They have the clear image of what
they want to say but are unable to do so.
They use a different word, but are troubled or tortured by the fact that
they cannot say exactly what they want to say. Think about it. The main point
of language is to communicate.
For some of us, if we can put our point forth, if we can state our case,
it may not matter what words we use. But that is not so with Bothrops. Even
though they make their point, they will be dissatisfied because the exact word
in their brain is not the word that comes out. It is a kind of obstinacy, not
being satisfied with strictly making the point, in fact frustrated by not
making
it the way they want to. It is this dichotomy that disturbs them.
Some people that have surgeries and come out of anesthesia with these
same symptoms. There is no clear diagnosis of a stroke and yet the symptoms
persist. Think of Bothrops in this situation.
The thrombosis can be a clot in the leg, leading to a thrombophlebitis,
with attendant symptoms. It can involve the heart and may lead to a
pericarditis or a heart attack.
But most often, for this remedy, we will see a thrombus in the brain
leading to a stroke with major damage resulting. Interestingly enough, this
tendency may become so strong, so intense that the patient may develop clots
throughout his great vessels. I treated one man whose carotids were nearly
occluded.
The most closed that this patient is, is when he or she is in a coma or
unconscious during and after the stroke. If the symptoms match, Bothrops may be
given at this time. Bothrops comas are serious comas; it is possible that without
aggressive intensive care unit therapies, as well as giving this remedy, the
patient may die.
Another place to see this tendency of thrombosis or closing off is in
the feeling like the throat is closing off. This is a typical symptom of other
remedies in the snake group
and Bothrops has it as well.
Lastly, one may need this remedy for a patient who develops tremendous
swelling and clotting in a wound which is purple and may remind one of
Belladonna or Lachesis.
The pains may also be cramping off anywhere in the body.
The next Segment is Fullness, which accompanies the thrombi. For
example, the patient may tell you that during the pericarditis, he felt like a
great weight was sitting on his chest, stopping his heart. Fullness in the
stomach aggravates him, fullness in the head, eyes, ears or the throat all are
common symptoms of the remedy. Feeling full in the abdomen and not wearing
tight things, just as seen with the clothing aggravation of Lycopodium or
Lachesis are also common.
We then can see a Restlessness in this remedy. I think it is in part a
discontentment with their state. This can happen before, during, and after the
actual stroke. He may feel that there is something wrong with him. Who knows,
maybe he can feel on a subconscious level that something bad is going to befall
him. Surely after his first attack, he fears what will happen to him. He is
dissatisfied with his situation. He feels all the little symptoms greatly and
thinks he will die from his condition. This is not so much an anxiety panicky
feeling, but rather an internalized knowledge that this is the truth about his
current condition. He is doubtful of his recovery because he knows the
seriousness of his condition.
The restlessness is seen at night, when he dreams of his condition, and
of his fate. He tosses and turns and may wake up frequently from his sleep. The
restlessness <.
One of the oldest key symptoms of this remedy is the aggravation by
eating. His stroke may come on after a meal. Similarly, his pericarditis may be
aggravated by a full meal. He may develop some shortness of breath after
eating.
When the restlessness leads to excessive motion, as in getting up and
exerting herself, it may eventually lead to fainting. So all in all we find the
person, for one reason or another, not doing things
yet being extremely dissatisfied internally with their health prospects
and he becomes restless from that.
There is an Inflammatory element in this remedy, though it is much less
than for other snake remedies. This remedy spends most of its time in the
clotted stage. The inflammations may be seen in the localized area where the
clots first developed. For example, the blood vessels may become inflamed, or
the patient may develop pericarditis, or the leg may become inflamed from the
phlebitis.
The easiest place to see the inflammatory aspect is in the pains. The
pains are more severe and sharper than other remedies such as Lachesis. In
fact, there is a keynote that the pains are so severe that they lead the
patient to shiver. In truth, this shivering from pain is a rare symptom for the
remedy, I mention it here to illustrate just how severe the sharp pains can be.
More common is the fact that the pains are worse from motion, whether it be
chest pain or a headache.
The most dangerous place to see this inflammatory portion of the remedy
relates to blood pressure. Bothrops has a keynote of developing strokes from
hypertension. But the bigger keynote is to develop high blood pressure after
the stroke. It is as if the blood vessels changed in some way. As if due to
some clogging, or due to some blockages, the blood pressure changed to
accommodate the need for the blood. Now we find hypertension where there used
to be none. Before understanding the inner workings of this remedy, this
keynote alone had led me to prescribe this remedy early on in my practice, much
to the benefit of my patients.
The face may be mottled, or dark red or purplish.
The inflammations may lead to Discharges. Bleeding is found in this
remedy, though not as commonly as it is found in other snake remedies like
Lachesis. Here, the bleeding is related to the clotting and is secondary to the
coagulation which is the main problem.
So even though there is bleeding mentioned in many locations, it rarely
shows up in practice. Do not deny someone this remedy because they did not
bleed enough, according to your readings. The thrombi is much more to the
point!
Bleeding into the eye is a major symptom of the remedy. However, there
are other remedies that have this symptom. And in fact, looking at all patients
that have this symptom occurring, it is the minority that will benefit from
Bothrops. However, Bothrops is one of the remedies. It can be used in diabetic
retinopathy, with bleeding. It is a main remedy for people who bleed in the eye
during a stroke. We also think of Bothrops in acute hypertensive crisis,
leading to stroke.
Another form of discharge is the tendency towards loose stools and
vomiting. I would like to talk about this tendency for a bit and compare it to
Lachesis, which has the extreme, explosive, component more commonly, yet is
balanced off by a strong tendency towards constipation. In Bothrops, we find
the exact opposite; we see its strong tendency to clump or coagulate, which is
balanced off by occasional loose stools and vomiting. While both remedies share
these two poles, they spend most of their energy on opposite sides. In Bothrops
patients, the vomiting is followed
by intense weakness and lassitude.
This brings us to the next Segment: extreme Weakness which is manifested
by both physical weakness and the mental confusion.
In the physical weakness, we find a tendency to faint from exertion. One
person reported, “Since the stroke, I want to sleep all the time.” Another
said, “I can’t function anymore… I have to sit all the time…I used to lift
weights, I used to play professional sports. Now I cannot do anything with my
body…I am so weak, I cannot eat.”
Another person said, “I pass out if I get up to vacuum or clean the house.
Faintness after a stroke, or with thrombi occluding major vessels are common
characteristics.
“Since the stroke, my blood pressure drops quickly and I faint,” is how
one patient put it. During this time the heart beats feebly; the patient is
also chilly, and has a pale, blue discoloration of the extremities. It feels
like the heart is going to stop beating. “All you want to do is sit or lie
down, and think on how your life is ending right here and now.” So here we have
the opposite of the main keynote of the remedy, the hypertension.
The weakness is also seen in vertigo. They may be dizzy (exerting
themselves), as in rising from a chair, standing too long, or lifting. They
feel faint with the dizziness and want to lie down.
The mental weakness has to do with being able to keep focus, especially
soon after a stroke. The patient may be really disoriented and may take months
to feel reoriented.
The mind wanders, as does the speech. This is easy to see when you talk
to some of these patients. Many tend to be quiet. But if you do get a patient
that is answering you fully, you will notice that their speech wanders.
This is also seen in Lachesis, but in Lachesis it is due to an intensity
that cannot be contained, whereas in Bothrops it is seen when the mind is so
weak that the thoughts lazily trail from one to the other. This is not the
aphasia I am describing here, I will do that in the Paralysis section below.
Here I am focusing on the weakening of the mind and body.
The patient may become more sleepy as well. Here it is not so much a
narcolepsy, as much as the sleepiness found in post head trauma patients. It is
a mixture of weakness, tiredness, and sleeping from weariness due to the trial
of focusing and working the mind.
Paralysis is the segment that follows weakness and as such is another
main idea for the remedy. The most prominent symptoms that fit here are the
paralysis of the body
seen in three different places. Keynote number one is the stroke that
leads to true aphasia. Where some people have a difficulty moving their mouth,
that is less the case with Bothrops. Here, the patient is able to move the
mouth but they have lost the words they want to say. This is not so much the
difficulty articulating, as is found in Crotalus cascavella, this is a paralysis
of the brain, not of the tongue.
The way they deal with the paralysis of the brain, is to use the wrong
words. They may get their idea across by using some words and by gesturing, but
they use the wrong words. For example, instead of saying window, they say “that
hole,” or instead of saying door they may say “that wood” and point in the
direction of the object.
They make their point, but not with the words that they wish. This leads
to a paradox or a state of agitation, as they are stuck on the word they want
to say. They may be as surprised at the word that comes out as the listener,
but still they stick to the point. They may also try several words out to find
the one they want, and even though they may try very hard, they may still not
get it.
The second big keynote is the blindness. Bothrops is one of the main
remedies that have blindness after stroke. There may or may not be a reason in
the eye that accounts for this. There may, for example, be a hemorrhage in the
eye, but the bigger keynote is that there is nothing that can be seen
pathologically in the eye, yet the patient does not see. The symptom in the
materia medica says that they are blind in daylight mostly. I have not seen
this so much. Mostly, if they are blind, they are blind. Do not be misled by
that symptom.
Lastly, the paralysis may be of a limb, the face or one side. The
keynote from the old literature is that the paralysis is right-sided; while
this is mostly true, I have clearly seen the paralysis on either side. There
may be some paralysis of the throat as well, where the patient has difficulty
and may even choke on swallowing.
I would like to make some final differentiating points between Bothrops,
Lachesis, and Arnica. Towards Lachesis, let me say that many of the common
symptoms of Lachesis may also be found in Bothrops. However, Bothrops tends to
be more inward, more towards the closing, thrombi, chilly, whereas Lachesis is
more excessive, intense and hot. One interesting tidbit is the fact that
Lachesis craves oysters, while I have found several of my Bothrops patients
crave all kinds of fish.
The differential with Arnica is an important one for several reasons,
including the fact that because we know Arnica better, we give it more
frequently. Arnica is also mentioned much more frequently in the materia medica
and therapeutic books. I think the easiest way to differentiate the two has to
do with the etiology. When the etiology is from the outside, the remedy is more
likely to be Arnica. When the etiology is an internal process the remedy is
more likely to be Bothrops. Sometimes, the etiology is an injury and the remedy
is Bothrops; where the injury is the final push of a process that has been
going on previously. The injury then creates or dislodges a thrombus and the
rest of the symptoms ensue. Even though the etiology looked like an injury,
really the person was developing this state before. So injuries that lead to a
vascular accident of some sort and finally lead to blindness or paralysis
should make one think of Bothrops.
[JJ Kleber]
Richter: aggressiv allein an der Spitze; enthemmte Bindungsstörung mit Selbstgefährdung und plötzlicher starker Aggressivität (Kind schlägt um sich um Kontakt zu bekommen); wegen Selbstüberschätzung (als Kind zu enge Grenzen = Unterdrückung, im Wechsel mit keine Grenzen) gefährliche Exploration mit gefährlich provokativem Verhalten;
Verführt durch Intellektualität/Spiritualität o. einfach Aggressivität (mit intellektuelle/spirituelle Fassade) versuchen an die Spitze zu kommen (Kinder: durch Provokation bis Aggression).
Hoher Leistungsdruck gegenüber sich selbst (muss perfekt/der Beste/Stärkste sein); sehr starker Egoismus; Unterdrückung von Emotionen mit plötzlichen bedrohlichen Aggressionsausbrüchen (blitzschnell); Lähmungen
Hals: Schluckbeschwerden für Flüssiges (DD.: Lach. Cench.: für Festes)
Auge: Blindheit, Netzhautblutung; < Tageslicht, > nachts;
Blutungen: nicht geronnenes, schwarzes Blut; schwärzliche Blutungen aus Köperöffnungen + ins Gewebe; Thrombose, Lungenembolie
Symptome diagonal; Symptome halbseitig (eine Seite gesund, andere krank)
Blutungen + Thrombosen (Auge/Hemiplegie/Venen/Lungenembolie); Auge (Blutung/kurzsichTIG/Sehverlust)
Oft halbseitige Beschwerden (Hemikranie/Apoplexie)
Repertorium:
Gemüt: Bewusstlos/Aphasie
Ruhelos
Spricht undeutlich/langsam/schweigsam/benutzt falsche Worte
Schwindel: im Allgemeinen
Auge: Lähmung in Sehnerv/Bluten aus Augen
Sehen: Trübsichtig, trübes Sehen < Sonnenlicht/tagsüber
Verlust des Sehvermögens (abends in Dämmerung/tagsüber
Nase: Nasenbluten//Ohr - Absonderung Blut
Gesicht: Dunkel/bläulich
Mund: Sprachverlust/Lähmung in Zunge
Innerer Hals: Trocken/Schlucken schwierig von Flüssigkeit
Magen: Übelkeit/Erbrechen
Urin: Blutig
Weibliche Genitalien: Blutung (flüssig)
Rücken: Opisthotonus
Glieder: Kälte/gefühllose, taube Arme/Oberschenkel blau
Schmerz (große Zehe)/Phlegmasia alba dolens/Unterschenkel „Wie gelähmt“/Finger „Wie gelähmt“ erstr. ganze Seite/Arme/Hemiplegie
Schwellung (große Zeheballen/Oberschenkel/Arme/schlaff, livid)
Schlaf: Schläfrig
Schweiß: Klebrig/Kalt
Allgemeines: diagonal, kreuzweise - r. oben und l. unten + v.v./rechts
Abmagerung, Marasmus
Blutung (aus Körperöffnungen/Blut (schwarz/nicht gerinnungsfähig/dünn)
Fisteln/Entzündung (Lymphgefäße/Venen/gangränös)/Abszesse, Eiterungen
Konvulsion (tetanische Starre; Starrkrampf)
Lähmung r./einseitig (nach Apoplexie)
Schwäche (durch Durchfall)/Ohnmacht (häufig)
Schwarzfärbung äußerer Körperteile/Zyanose
Thrombose/Sepsis./Nekrose o. Karies in Knochen
Wunden heilen langsam/bluten reichlich/Verletzung mit Extravasaten
Zittern äußerlich
Komplementär: Lyss (= An). Sulph.
Vergleich: Enthalten in: Naja comp. w;
Comparison Both-l. + Crot-h + Lach + Naja +
Vip
Comparison Tilia cordata with Bothrops lanceolatus.
Vergleich: Bothrops atrox + Bothrops
lanceolatus + Bothrops jararaca
Pyrog.
Siehe: Anacardiumgruppe + Anhang (Otto Leeser/Amati
Holle/Massimo Mangliavori) + Anhang 2 + Schlangen allgemein + Schiebegruppe +
Antidotiert von: Led. Thuj.
Wirkung: 1. r. seitig, 2. diagonal
aggressiv/giftig/aktiv
Allerlei: Martinique/Karibik
Liebt feuchte Umgebung/70 Jungen 1x
Der Name lanceolatus wird von der flachen Kopfform der Schlange abgeleitet, die sich lanzenförmig zuspitzt. Um Feinde zu vertreiben, schlägt diese Schlangenart
mit dem Schwanz sehr schnell auf den Boden und verursacht damit ein äußert beunruhigendes Geräusch.
Beim Zubeißen öffnet die Gelbe Viper ihr Maul extrem weit. Das Gift ist (ähnlich Crotalus horridus - hochgiftig. Es bringt das Blut zum Gerinnen und ist hämo- und neurotoxisch)
Vorwort/Suchen Zeichen/Abkürzungen Impressum