Comparison 5 acidums
Vergleich: Siehe: Acidums + Group anylysis evaluation
[Edward Peter Phahamane]
A group analysis evaluation of the selected members of the acidum family
of homoeopathic remedies in terms of known materia medica
The aim of this study was to extract the common characteristic
symptomatology of five selected homoeopathic remedies belonging to the acidum
family as represented in the known materia medica and repertory.
The acidum remedies appearing in Radar® 10 repertory (Archibel 2008)
were analysed in terms of rubric representation (frequency) and the top five
were selected for inclusion in the study.
The top five remedies were:
Nitricum acidum
Phosphoricum acidum,
Muriatic acidum,
Sulphuricum acidum
Fluoricum acidum.
All rubrics in which the selected remedies appeared were extracted using
the homoeopathic software package Radar® 10 (Archibel, 2008) and analysed for
sensations and active, passive and compensation reactions of the selected
remedies, as per Sankaran (2002).
The common primary sensations identified were, burning, sore, swelling,
pressing, cramping, dryness, weakness, tearing, and coldness. And sensations of
anxiety, restless, delirium, delusions, dullness, sadness and cheerfulness.
Active reactions identified were: hot, heat, inflammation and
sensitivity.
Passive reactions identified were: coldness, numbness and weakness.
Compensation reactions identified were: restlessness, hurriedness,
intense reaction and passion.
Miasmatic keywords as per Sankaran (2002) used to determine the
miasmatic tendencies of the selected top five acidum remedies. In general all
acidum remedies appeared
to have a dominant syphilitic miasmatic tendency but acidums were
present through all the miasms. Their miasmatic tendencies are easily
recognised when viewed in the light of their pathophysiological processes.
The pathological tendencies of acidum remedies examined in this study
include: haemorrhoids, general haemorrhage, syphilis, warts, neoplastic and
non-plastic tumours, irritable bowel syndrome (reflux, colic, constipation),
rheumatism, muco-cutaneous ulcerations (STIs, Xerostomia, diabetic ulcers) and
bone diseases (osteoporosis, osteitis, and peri-osteitis).
The results of this research were compared to the findings of Scholten
(1993) and Mangialavori and Marotta (2005).
It is the researcher’s view that Sankaran’s methodology of group
analysis which he used to explore biological groups of remedies (plants and
animals) is adequate for use with non-biological groups
of remedies such as mineral acidums.
The researcher found group analysis methodology worthy as a tool for
classifying the mass data of acidum remedies into orderly sets of meaningful
data.
Group analysis is consistent with the laws and principles of homoeopathy
and encourages the use of materia medica and repertory which are fundamental to
the study and application of homoeopathic knowledge.
In order to expand the understanding of the extracted sensations, a
thesaurus was consulted (Collins, 2006) and the synonyms listed
Definitions of sensations
Burning: On fire, very hot, intense, hotly discussed
Swelling: Abnormally swollen place especially on the body; a condition
of being larger/ rounder than normal due to injury/illness.
Weakness: Lack of strength, power or determine; a weak point system;
difficulty in resisting something liked
Pressing Needing to be dealt with, difficult to refuse/to ignore, tense;
tense feelings; unfriendly; feeling of anxiety and stress that makes it impossible
to relax; feeling of fear and excitement
Coldness -Having a lower than usual temperature. Unfriendly,
emotionless, not easy to find.
Tearing: Damage something by pulling apart, injure a muscle by
stretching too much, to move somewhere very quickly or in an excited way. To
cry. To attack somebody or something physically or with words, to start doing
something with a lot of energy. To destroy something violently by pulling it
apart, to make people in a country or an organization fight or argue with each
other.
Sore: A painful, often red, place on the body where there’s a wound or
infection; upset, angered due to unfairness/ annoyed to be very noticeable in
an unpleasant way.
Dryness: Without water or moisture; ill humour; without emotion; boring;
without alcohol, thirsty.
Cramping: Sudden pain experienced when a part of a body contract usually
caused by cold or too much exercise; to prevent development or progress; to
stop somebody from behaving in the way they want to; not enough space.
Summary of confirmed sensations
First order sensations from original extraction.
Sensation keywords confirmed by literature search.
1) Burning: Burning, itching, red hot, prickly, desire, lascivious,
heat, hot, glowing red.
2) Sore: Ulcer, Excoriated, sensitive, chancre, varices, aphthae,
offended, ichorous discharge, necrosis, gangrenous, syphilitic.
3) Swelling: Inflammation, tension, congestion, excrescences, warts,
gooseflesh, moles, nodules, bunions, callosities, eruption, erection, corns,
distension, induration,
pimples, proud flesh, cancer, heaviness, fullness, haemorrhoids,
enlarged, flatulence, spongy, foreign body sensation, brooding, greed,
swelling.
4) Pressing: Tension, compressing, persistent, insistent, unrelenting,
demanding, tenacious, irresistible, persuasive, unyielding, constriction.
5) Cramping: Shrivelled, paralysis, hang-down, cramps, contraction,
bandaged, flexed, wrinkled, cicatrices, atrophy, compressed, oppressed,
stricture, choking, crushed, stiff, numb, painless.
6) Dryness: Hard, constipation, dull, thirst, hoarseness, husky, casts,
sediment, stones, sheep-dung, hard, dullness.
7) Weakness: Lameness, weariness, faintness, looseness, fractures,
prolapse, hernia, dullness, death, flaccid, deflation, fistulae, unconscious.
8) Tearing: Ripping, slashing, scratching, gashing, slitting, shredding,
destroying, rending, injuring.
9) Coldness: Coldness, chilblains, chills.
10) Pain: Cutting, burning, drawing, pinching, pressing, squeezing,
tearing, rheumatic, jerking, stitching, aching, sore, splinter, ulcerative,
growing, paroxysmal,
numb, gnawing, smarting, twinging, periodicity, shattered, blow as from,
prickling, throbbing.
Sensations Nit-ac Mur-ac Ph-ac Sul-ac Fl-ac
No. of rubrics
Throat-Pain-burning, itching, smarting 1
1 12
Throat-Pain-oesophagus, sore 1 1 10
Throat-Swelling-uvula, oedematous 2 2 2 21
Throat-Pain- < swallowing, pressing 3
1 22
Generals-Pain-internal parts, cramping
1 1 24
Throat-Dryness-night 1
1 45
Generals-Weakness-excessive 1
1 30
Generals-Pain-tearing pain, asunder 3 1
1 38
Coldness, fingertips 1
1 41
First order analysis
The most significant sensations were burning, swelling, sore, cold,
dryness, pressing, cramping, tearing, and weakness.
Burning
Although there is a distinction between a physical burning and a
perception or sensation of burning, both of these concepts of burning connect
to the underlying sensation as defined by Sankaran (2005) who describes
sensation as “discernment of consciousness of any experience” where the
experience itself and the nature of the experience qualify the sensation.
According to the toxicology of acids, on first contact most acids induce
a burning sensation especially the strong acids. The burning sensation is a
result of tissue destruction that occurs locally where there is contact with
the acid compounds. The burning sensation may be perceived as itchiness, heat,
fiery, smarting, glowing, hot sensation, etc., in line with the synonyms of
burning.
Rubric examples:
Nitricum acidum Muriaticum
acidum
Phosphoricum acidum
Sulphuricum acidum
Fluoricum acidum
Burning Head: Eruptions Head: Pain in temples Eye: Pain in morning Ear: Itching: meatus Mouth: vesicles, tongue Teeth: Pain Throat: Pain in oesophagus ext. stomach Stomach: Pain sudden Abdomen: Pain in r. hypochondria/liver Rectum: Haemorrhoids Rectum: Pain in evening/perineum Urethra:Pain during ejaculation Urethra:Pain before urination Male Organs: Pain Male Organs: Pain in penis Male Organs: Pain in testes Back: Pain in spots Limbs: Corns Limbs: Itching lower limbs Limbs: Pain in knees Limbs: Ulcers on legs Skin: Tubercles Skin: Eruptions vesicular Skin: Condylomata Generals: Pain in bones |
Burning Head: Eruptions Head: Pain in scalp, Eye: Pain inner canthi Eye: Pain: eyebrows Eye: Pain morning Ear: Itching in meatus Face: Pain in lower lip Mouth: Vesicles on tongue, Mouth: Pain ext. to stomach, Mouth: Pain in gums Mouth: Pain: hard palate Throat: Pain: itching, smarting Throat: Pain after cough Abdomen: Pain in r. hypochondria Abdomen: Pain in inguinal region Abdomen: Pain in liver Rectum: Haemorrhoids Rectum: Pain in morning/evening Rectum: Pain in perineum, Male Organs: Pain in penis Chest: Pain in external chest Back: Pain in (sacral region/spine) Limbs: Itching lower limbs Limbs: Pain in elbows/upper arms Limbs: Pain in shoulders Limbs: Painful swelling in lower limbs Limbs: Ulcers on legs Skin: Tubercles Skin: Eruptions vesicular Skin: Ulcers in margins |
Burning Head: Eruptions Head: Pain in forehead in sides above eyes Head: Pain in scalp, Eye: Pain in inner canthi Eye: Pain: eyebrows Face: Pain in lower lips Mouth: Pain in gums Mouth: Pain in hard palate, Teeth: Pain Throat: Pain: itching, smarting Throat: Pain after cough Stomach: Eructations burning Abdomen: Pain in r. hypochondria Abdomen: Pain in liver (lower abdomen) Abdomen: Pain in (region of) umbilicus Bladder: Pain in neck of bladder < during
urination Bladder: Pain < after urination Urethra:Pain before urination Male Organs: Condylomata on penis Male Organs: Pain in testes Chest: Pain in external chest Chest: Pain: middle of chest/l. side Back: Pain: between scapulae/in sacral
region/in spine/in spots Limbs: Corns Limbs: Heat feet, burning Limbs: Pain in elbows/knees/shoulders/upper
arms Limbs: Pain in soles of feet (at
night/stitching) Limbs: Swelling lower limbs, painful, Skin: Burning in spots Skin: Condylomata Skin: Ulcers burning in margins Generals: Pain in bones |
Burning Head: Eruptions Head: Pain in temples Mouth: Vesicles on tongue Mouth: Pain ext. stomach Throat: Pain in oesophagus ext. stomach Stomach: Eructations Stomach: Pain sudden Abdomen: Pain in liver (lower abdomen) Abdomen: Pain in umbilicus Rectum: Haemorrhoids Urethra:Pain during ejaculation Male Organs: Pain Chest: Pain external chest Chest: Pain in middle of chest Chest: Pain l. side Back: Pain between scapulae Limbs: Pain in 4th finger tips Limbs: Pain in knees (stitching) Skin: Burning in spots |
Burning Head: Pain in forehead in sides above eyes Teeth: Pain Abdomen: Pain in inguinal region Rectum: Haemorrhoids Bladder: Pain in neck of bladder < during
urination Bladder: Pain < after urination Urethra:Pain before urination Limbs: Hot feet Limbs: Pain in soles of feet at night Limbs: Pain 4th tips of fingers Limbs: Pain in knees Skin: Burning in spots |
Sore Head: Pain: < touch/walking Ear: Pain behind the ears Nose: Pain during coryza burning, sore Face: Pain (in lower jaws/in malar bones) Mouth: Canker/ulcers painful, smarting Throat: Pain in oesophagus Abdomen: Pain in inguinal region Rectum: Pain < after stool Male Organs: Condylomata on penis Chest: Pain (in external chest/in sides) Limbs: Corns Limbs: Pain in hands/in wrists Limbs: Pain in hip-joints (morning) Limbs: Pain in thighs above knees Limbs: Pain in toes Limbs: Pain in joints upper limbs Skin: Pain after scratching |
Sore Head: Eruptions Head: Pain (in brain/> motion) Ear: Pain behind the ears Nose: Pain during coryza Face: Pain ( in lower jaws/in lips) Mouth: Pain in nursing infants Mouth: Canker Mouth: Ulcers painful, smarting Abdomen: Pain: in hypochondria/in inguinal region Rectum: Pain after stool Male Organs: Pain in margins of prepuce Chest: Pain in sternum (< touch) Limbs: Pain in joints |
Sore Head: Eruptions Head: Pain: in brain/> motion/< Touch/< walking Face: Pain in lips Throat: Pain l. Abdomen: Pain in hypochondria Rectum: Pain in anus Male Organs: Condylomata on penis Male Organs: Pain in margins of prepuce Chest: Pain [in external chest/in sides/in
sternum (< touch)] Back: Pain in nape of neck, Limbs: Corns Limbs: Pain in hands Limbs: Pain in hips (joints in morning/<
motion)/in joints in Morning/lower limbs/(between) toes Limbs: Pain in joints upper limbs (wrists) Skin: Pain after scratching |
Sore Head: Eruptions Head: Pain < touch Face: Pain (in malar bones) Mouth: Pain in nursing infants Mouth: Canker Mouth: Ulcers painful Throat: Pain (l./in oesophagus) Chest: Pain [in heart/in sternum (<
touch)] Back: Pain in nape of neck Limbs: Corns Limbs: Pain in thighs above knees Generals: Varicose veins |
Sore Chest: Pain in heart Limbs: Pain in corns Limbs: Pain in < motion Limbs: Pain between toes |
Swelling Ear: Swelling: behind the ears/in meatus /in
(lower) jaws/in lower lip/in sub maxillary glands Teeth: Complaints of teeth + swelling in cheeks/pain + swelling Throat: Swelling oedematous (in uvula) Neck: Swelling Abdomen: Swelling in spleen Rectum: Swelling of anus Urethra:Swelling/”As if swollen” Male Organs: Swelling in penis Oedematous (in glans/in prepuce) Male Organs: Swelling in spermatic cords Male Organs: Swelling r. testes Back: Swelling in glands of nape of neck Limbs: Swelling of feet during perspiration Limbs: Swelling red of feet Limbs: Swelling of fingertips Limbs: Swelling nodular in hands Limbs: Swelling white in knees Limbs: Swelling bones of legs (tibia) Limbs: Swelling lower limbs Limbs: Swelling upper limbs nodular Skin: Eruptions with swelling (bluish black) Skin: Swelling: inflamed/spongy Skin: Swelling after scratching Generals: Swelling with emaciation of glands Generals: Swelling of glands painless |
Swelling Face: Swelling in lower jaws Throat: Swelling oedematous Throat: uvula oedematous Rectum: Swelling of anus Back: Swelling glands of nape Limbs: Swelling (tips of feet/hands/in
painful lower limbs Limbs: Swelling in upper limbs nodular Skin: Swelling inflamed |
Swelling Ear: Swelling (behind the ear/in Meatus Teeth: Complaints of teeth + swelling in
cheeks (painful) Urethra:Swelling (in meatus)/”As if swollen” Male Organs: Swelling (in penis, glans/spermatic cords Limbs: Swelling [in feet during
perspiration/in bones of legs (tibis)] Limbs: White swelling in knees Limbs: Swelling in lower limbs painful Skin: Eruptions with swelling (bluish black) Skin: Swelling spongy Generals: Swelling of glands + emaciation Generals: Swelling of glands painless |
Swelling Face: Swelling in lower lip Face: Swelling painful in submaxillary glands Throat: Swelling oedematous (uvula) Neck: Swelling Abdomen: Swelling in spleen Male Organs: Swelling in r. testes Limbs: Swelling in feet during Perspiration Limbs: Swelling nodular in hands Skin: Swelling: bluish black/after Scratching Skin: “As if swollen” Generals: Swelling in glands with emaciation |
Swelling Face: Swelling in (lower) jaws Male Organs: Swelling oedematous in penis
(prepuce) Limbs: Swelling in tips of fingers tips |
Pressing Head: Pain pressing afternoon Head: Pain pressing in occiput [ext. forehead/sides (l.)/down-/inward (in
temples)/in spots] Eye: Pain in outer canthi Eye: Pain (in evening/in lids) Ear: Pain outward Throat: Pain < swallowing External Throat: pain in sides Neck: Pain Stomach: Pain < before eating Stomach: Pain < pressure Abdomen: Pain in r. hypochondria Abdomen: Pain in (inguinal region) pressing
outward Abdomen: Pain in l. side Rectum: Pain < after stool Rectum: Pain before stool Kidneys: Pain pressing Chest: Pain r./l. side Limbs: Pain in ankles Limbs: Pain in (inner) thigh (lower part) Generals: Pain in glands Generals: Pain: pressing, sticking |
Pressing Head: Pain in l. forehead (pressing downward/l. side) Head: Pain in occiput ext. forehead Head: Pain pressing (downwards/ inward/l.
side/r. outward) Head: Pain ( in scalp Head: Pain r. temple outward Eye: Pain in evening Ear: Pain pressing outward/r. Ear: Pain in Teeth: Pain pressing (asunder/apart) Chest: Pain in sides Back: Pain < standing Limbs: Pain in back of feet Limbs: Pain in feet |
Pressing Head: Pain in afternoon Head: Pain forehead (l./r./pressing downward) Head: Pain < noise Head: Pain in occiput (< noise/sides/in-/up-/downward)/in
scalp/in sides/in spots/in temples (r./out-/inward) Eye: Pain in outer canthi Eye: Pain in lids Ear: Pain in tragus Teeth: Pain pressing (asunder/”As if pressed
apart) Throat: Pain < swallowing External Throat: sides pain Neck: Pain Stomach: Pain (< before eating/”As from a
weight”) Stomach: Pain < pressure Abdomen: Pain in r. hypochondria Abdomen: Pain pressing outward Abdomen: Pain in pubic region, mons pubis
pressing outward Rectum: Pain < after stool Kidneys: Pain Chest: Pain in sides Chest: Pain in r. side Back: Pain < standing Limbs: Pain in lower limbs Limbs: Pain in lower part thighs Limbs: Pain in thighs outer side Generals: Pain in glands Generals: Pain sticking |
Pressing Head: Pain in r. forehead/l. side Head: Pain pressing inward Head: Pain in temples pressing inward Eye: Pain in outer canthi Neck: Pain pressing Abdomen: Pain r. hypochondria Abdomen: Pain in inguinal region pressing
outward Abdomen: Pain in pubic region, mons pubis pressing outwards Abdomen: Pain l. side Rectum: Pain < after stool Rectum: Pain before stool Chest: Pain (l.) sides Limbs: Pain in ankles < walking Limbs: Pain in feet Limbs: Pain in lower limbs Limbs: Pain in inner thigh Limbs: Pain in thighs outer side, Generals: Pain sticking pain |
Pressing Head: Pain in occiput [ext. forehead/in sides
(l.)] Head: Pain pressing upward Head: Pain in temples pressing inward Ear: Pain r. Limbs: Pain in feet pressing |
Cramping Ear: Pain cramping Face: Cramping in joints of jaw Stomach: Pain cramping from becoming cold Abdomen: Pain < passing flatus Abdomen: Pain in hypochondria Abdomen: Pain < motion Abdomen: Pain at night Abdomen: Pain < after stool Limbs: Cramps in calves < walking Limbs: Pain in legs Generals: Pain: drawing, cramping Generals: Pain in muscles, tearing |
Cramping Ear: Pain (in meatus) Abdomen: Pain < passing flatus Abdomen: Pain: at night/< motion Abdomen: Pain in flanks Limbs: Cramps: in -/upperarms/wrists Generals: Pain in internal parts Generals: Pain tearing in muscles |
Cramping Ear: Pain (in meatus) Abdomen: Pain in evening Abdomen: Pain in hypochondria Abdomen: Pain in sides/flanks Limbs: Cramps: in forearms/in hips/in upper
arms/in wrists/in thighs/in upper limbs/in internal parts/in muscles, tearing
pain |
Cramping Stomach: Pain cramping as from becoming cold Abdomen: Pain in abdomen (at night) Abdomen: Pain < after stool Limbs: Cramps in calves < walking Limbs: Pain in legs Limbs: Pain in upper limbs Generals: Pain drawing, cramping Generals: Pain in muscles, tearing |
Cramping Face: Cramp in joints of jaw |
Dryness Head: Eruptions dry Nose: Dryness inside during coryza Mouth: Dryness early morning Mouth: Dryness: during chill/during fever
(fever)/during perspiration Throat: Dryness at night Cough: Dry, expectoration only in Morning Cough: Dry < during fever Cough: Dry < lying Cough: Dry during perspiration Skin: Eruptions herpetic dry Skin: Eruptions tetters, dry Generals: Food and Drinks: < dry food |
Dryness Head: Eruptions dry Nose: Dryness inside during coryza Mouth: Dryness early morning Mouth: Dryness during chill Mouth: Dryness during fever Mouth: Dryness of tongue during fever Cough: Dry during perspiration |
Dryness Head: Eruptions dry (scales) Head: Hair dry Mouth: Dryness (during chill/during fever) Mouth: Dryness (during perspiration/fever) Cough: Dry expectoration only morning Cough: Dry < lying Limbs: Dryness of hands Skin: Eruptions herpetic, dry Skin: Eruptions tetters, dry Generals: Food and Drinks: < dry food |
Dryness Throat: Dryness at night Larynx and Trachea: Dryness, trachea Cough: Dry: expectoration only in morning Cough: Dry < during fever Limbs: Dryness of hands |
Dryness Head: Eruptions dry (scales) Head: Hair dryness Larynx and Trachea: Dryness trachea Skin: Eruptions herpetic, dry/tetters dry |
Weakness Chest: Weakness < cough Back: Weakness in dorsal region Limbs: Weakness in legs < walking Generals: Weakness after coition Generals: Weakness from cough Generals: Weakness in daytime Generals: Weakness dyscratic Generals: Weakness < after dinner Generals: Weakness from death of loved ones,
parents or friends Generals: Weakness excessive Generals: Weakness before fever Generals: Weakness > lying Generals: Weakness in morning after rising/at
noon Generals: Weakness < motion Generals: Weakness in old people Generals: Weakness paralytic, sliding down in
bed from a half sitting position Generals: Weakness < sitting Generals: Weakness < standing |
Weakness Male Organs: Erections too weak Generals: Weakness from death of loved ones,
parents or friends Generals: weakness < motion Generals: Weakness: paralytic, sliding down
in bed from a half sitting position Generals: Weakness: desires to sit Generals: Weakness < sitting Generals: Weakness < standing Generals: Weakness during typhoid |
Weakness Male Organs: Ejaculation weak Male Organs: Erections too weak FeMale Organs: Leucorrhoea with weakness Larynx and Trachea: Voice weak after talking Chest: Weakness < cough Chest: Weakness of heart < talking Chest: Weakness: speech, impending Chest: Weakness < talking Generals: Weakness from debauchery Back: Weakness in dorsal Region Limbs: Weakness in legs < walking Generals: Weakness after coition Generals: Weakness from cough Generals: Weakness during daytime Generals: Weakness < after dinner Generals: Weakness from death of loved ones, parents or friends Generals: Weakness excessiv Generals: Weakness before fever Generals: Weakness > lying Generals: Weakness with leucorrhoea Generals: Weakness < in morning after
rising Generals: Weakness at noon Generals: Weakness paralytic, sliding down in
bed from a half sitting position Generals: Weakness with perspiration Generals: Weakness desires to sit down Generals: Weakness during typhoid fever |
Weakness Male Organs: Ejaculation weak FeMale Organs: Leucorrhoea with weakness, Larynx and Trachea: Voice weak after talking Chest: Weakness of heart < talking Chest: Weakness: speech, impending Chest: Weakness < talking Generals: Weakness dyscratic Generals: Weakness debauchery Generals: Weakness with leucorrhoea Generals: Weakness in old people Generals: Weakness with perspiration Generals: Weakness < standing |
Weakness Generals: Weakness from debauchery |
Tearing Face: Pain in zygoma, tearing Rectum: Pain (< during stool) Back: Pain at night Limbs: Pain in l. hand Limbs: Pain in (hollow of) knees ext. hip Limbs: Pain in bones of legs: tibia Limbs: Pain as from nails Limbs: Pain in bones of thighs (<
sitting/< walking) Limbs: Pain in bones of upper limbs Limbs: Pain: (joints of) upper Limbs Generals: Pain drawing in bones Generals: Pain in muscles during chill |
Tearing Head: Pain tearing, asunder Head: Pain in r. temple Eye: Pain in orbits Ear: Pain in conchae Face: Pain in malar bones Teeth: Pain in upper r. molar Limbs: Pain in heels Limbs: Pain in knees (ext. hips/ext: upwards Limbs: Pain in hollow of knees Limbs: Pain in thigh bones Limbs: Pain in thighs (< sitting/<
walking) Generals: Pain stitching in joints Generals: Pain in muscles (tearing pain,
cramping/sticking) |
Tearing Head: Pain in l. temples Ear: Pain in conchae Teeth: Pain in r. upper molars Rectum: Pain Back: Pain at night Limbs: Pain in l. hand Limbs: Pain in hollow of knees Limbs: Pain in bones (tibia) of legs, Limbs: Pain in thighs < Sitting Limbs: Pain in joints of upper limbs Limbs: Pain in upper limbs, (tearing
downwards/twitching) General: Pain in bones, drawing pain, tering pain Generals: Pain in muscles (during chill/cramping/jerking) |
Tearing Head: Pain tearing asunder Head: Pain in l./r. temple Eye: Pain in orbits, tearing Face: Pain in malar bones Rectum: Pain during stool Rectum: Pain tearing Limbs: Pain in heels Limbs: Pain in bones of upper limbs Limbs: Pain in upper limbs, tearing pain,
twitching Generals: Pain in joints, stitching, tearing Generals: Pain in muscles tearing, cramping Generals: Pain in muscles, tearing, jerking Generals: Pain tearing asunder |
Tearing Limbs: Pain in knees ext. upwards Limbs: Pain in nails |
Coldness Head: Heat and coldness of Head: Pain < becoming cold Ear: Heat yet cold to touch Teeth: < cold (air/applications/food) Teeth: Pain after taking a cold Stomach: “As if coldness” Stomach: Pain < after cold drinks Stomach: Pain: cramping “As from cold” Rectum: Diarrhoea < after cold drinks Rectum: Diarrhoea < cold food Cough: Cold, wet air Cough: < cold drinks/< becoming cold Limbs: Coldness of feet < evening, in bed Limbs: coldness of feet, < mental exertion Limbs: coldness of feet < mental exertion Limbs: Coldness of finger tips Limbs: Coldness of hands during fever Limbs: Coldness of legs, evening Limbs: Pain: after rheumatic, after taking a
cold Limbs: Pain rheumatic < cold weather Sleep: Sleeplessness from coldness Chill: coldness one sided Generals: Cold applications < |
Coldness Head: Heat and coldness of feet Cough: Cold, wet air Cough: < becoming cold Chest: < cold air Limbs: coldness of finger tips Limbs: Heat of hands and Coldness of feet Sleep: Sleeplessness from coldness |
Coldness Head: Heat: with coldness of feet Eye: Cold lids/”As if cold” Teeth: cold [< cold (air)/< cold
applications] Stomach: “As if cold” Rectum: Diarrhoea < after cold drinks/< cold food Chest: < Cold air Limbs: Coldness of feet < evening in bed Limbs: Coldness of feet < mental exertion Limbs: Coldness of finger tips Limbs: Coldness of legs, evening Limbs: Pain rheumatic after taking a cold Limbs: Pain rheumatic < cold weather Chill: Coldness one side Generals: < Cold applications |
Coldness Head: Heat with coldness of feet Head: Pain < becoming cold Ear: Heat yet cold to touch Teeth: < cold air/< cold
applications/< cold food Teeth: Pain after taking a cold Stomach: “As if cold”/< after cold drinks Stomach: Pain cramping “As from a cold” Rectum: < Diarrhoea after cold drinks Rectum: Diarrhoea < cold food Cough: Cold wet air Cough: < Cold drinks/< becoming
cold/< cold air Limbs: Coldness of hands during fever Limbs: Pain rheumatic < cold weather Chill: Coldness on one side |
Coldness Eye: Coldness of lids/”As if cold” Ear: Heat yet cold to touch Teeth: < Cold air Cough: < cold drinks Limbs: Heat of hands and Coldness of feet |
Itch Ear: Itching in meatus, burning Ear: Pain stitching itching Neck: Itching Abdomen: Itching in inguinal region Rectum: Itching from haemorrhoids Rectum: Itching < after stool FeMale Organs: Itching from leucorrhoea after
menses FeMale Organs: Itching < after menses, Back: Itching evening Back: Itching in lumbar region Limbs: Eruptions between the fingers, pimples Limbs: Eruptions on hands itching Limbs: Itching back of feet Limbs: Itching in joints Limbs: Itching in bends of joints Limbs: Itching in tibia Limbs: Itching in lower limbs, burning Limbs: Itching of first toes Skin: Tubercle, itching Skin: Itching < scratching, changing place
on scratching Skin: Itching smarting Skin: Itching in spotts |
Itch Ear: Itching of meatus, burning Ear: Pain stitching itching Nose: Itching in tip Throat: Pain: burning, itch, smarting Neck: Itching Rectum: Itching from haemorrhoids Rectum: Itching in perineum Rectum: Itching: < after stool/<
scratching Back: Itching: evening Limbs: Eruptions itching hands Limbs: Itching in joints of feer Limbs: Itching in hips, gluteal region Limbs: Itching in lower limbs, burning Limbs: Itching nates Limbs: Itching in shoulders (evening) Limbs: Itching upper limbs (< in bed/<
undressing) Skin: Tubercle itching Skin: Itching < in bed (evening) Skin: Itching: smarting |
Itch Ear: Pain stitching Nose: Itching in tip Throat: Pain burning, itching, smarting Abdomen: Itch in inguinal region Rectum: Itching < scratching FeMale Organs: Itching from leucorrhoea after
menses FeMale Organs: Itching < after menses Limbs: Eruptions between the fingers itching Limbs: Itching in heels Limbs: Itching joints of feet Limbs: Itching in hips, gluteal region Limbs: Itching in (bends of) joints Limbs: Itching in legs over tibia Limbs: Itching (nates/first toes/< in
upper limbs < in bed) Limbs: Itching in upper Limbs < undressing Skin: Itching < in bed (evening) |
Itch Rectum: Itching from haemorrhoids Skin: Itching < scratching, changing place
Skin: Itching in spots |
Itch Head: Eruption itching Rectum: Itching from haemorrhoids Rectum: Itching in perineum Back: Itching in evening Back: Itching in lumbar region Limbs: Itching back of feet (heels) Limbs: Itching in hips, gluteal region Limbs: Itching in shoulders (evening) |
Excoriated Nose: Excoriated nostrils during coryza Face: Excoriated of lips Mouth: Mucous membrane excoriated
(palate/tongue) Rectum: Excoriated from stool Male Organs: Excoriated penis [prepuce on
margin)] Male Organs: Excoriated scrotum FeMale Organs: cervical glands Kidneys: Inflammation interstitial (chronic) Urethra:Inflammation of meatus Male Organs: Inflammation [of penis/scrotum
(erysipelatous)] FeMale Organs: Inflammation of Uterus (chronic) Larynx and Trachea: Inflammation of larynx, syphilitic Chest: Inflammation: bronchial tubes, bronchioles Chest: Inflammation of lungs, neglected Limbs: Inflammation (back of ) feet Limbs: Inflammation of toes Generals: Inflammation of bones (bone Marrow) Generals: Inflammation of wounds |
Excoriated Nose: Excoriated nostrils during coryza Face: Excoriated lips/corners of mouth Mouth: Mucous membranes: excoriated
palate/tongue/”Palate as if excoriated” Throat: Excoriated rectum from stool Male Organs: Excoriated on margins prepuce |
Excoriated Face: Excoriated lips Mouth: Mucous membrane excoriated palate
/corners of mouth Mouth: Mucous membrane excoriated: tongue Throat: Excoriated Male Organs: Excoriated penis
(prepuce/scrotum) Female Genitalia/Sex -Excoriated Feet: Excoriated between toes Feet: Excoriated between thighs Chest: Excoriated nipple Inflammation of bones Limbs: Inflammation of feet (back of feet) Limbs: Inflammation of toes Generals: Inflammation of bones (marrow) |
Excoriated Eye: acute inflammation Nose: Coryza with inflammation of larynx Throat: Inflamed oesophagus Throat: Inflammation: follicular External Throat: Inflammation (cervical
glands) Chest: Inflammation of lungs neglected Generals: Inflammation of wounds |
Excoriated Head: Inflammation in periosteum Eye: Inflammation in lachrymal ducts Eye: Inflammation of orbits: with caries/with
necrosis Face: Inflammation of bone Face: Inflammation of periosteum Larynx and Trachea: Inflammation of larynx, syphilitic Limbs: Inflammation in bones Generals: Inflammation of bones (marrow) - |
Tension Head: Tension in scalp Eye: Tension in lids Abdomen: Tension in r. hypochondria Abdomen: Tension in liver Limbs: Tension fingers (joints) Limbs: Tension in hips Limbs: Tension in joints (upper limbs) |
Tension Head: Tension in scalp Abdomen: Tension in r. hypochondria, Abdomen: Tension in liver Male Organs: Tension Limbs: Tension: upper limbs in elbows/in
joints |
Tension Eye: Tension in lids Face: Tension of skin “As if egg white were
dried on the face” Face: Tension of lips Male Organs: Tension Limbs: Tension in fingers (joints) Limbs: Tension in hips |
Tension Face: Tension of skin “As if egg white were
dried on the face” Face: Tension of lips Limbs: Tension in elbows Limbs: Tension in joints (upper limbs) |
Tension No rubrics |
Stitching Head: Pain in evening Head: Pain in forehead in frontal eminence Head: Pain in l./r. forehead Head: Pain in scalp Head: Pain r. side Head: Pain in vertex, afternoon, Ear: Pain behind the ears Face: Pain in lips Mouth: Pain in palate External Throat: Pain in cervical glands Abdomen: Pain < during cough Abdomen: Pain in lower abdomen Rectum: Pain < during stool Rectum: Pain in anus during stool Urethra:Pain FeMale Organs: Pain FeMale Organs: Pain in vagina Chest: Pain < deep breathing Chest: Pain < motion Chest: Pain stitching outward Chest: Pain l. side (evening/< during
cough/< inspiration) Back: Pain in r. scapula Back: Pain in lumbar region, < lifting Back: Pain in spine (vertebrae) Limbs: Pain in heels (“As from a splinter”) Limbs: Pain in palms of hands Limbs: Pain joints in upper limbs Skin: eruptions: tetters, stitching Skin: Ulcers: painful, stinging, in areola Generals: Pain: stitching downward |
Stitching Head: P ain in evening Head: Pain in forehead in frontal eminence Head: Pain l. side Head: Pain r. side Head: Pain in r. temple Head: Pain in vertex, afternoon Eye: Pain: in canthi/lids Ear: Pain > boring into ear Ear: Pain stitching pain (behind ears) Throat: Pain in morning Abdomen: Pain external Rectum: Pain < during stool FeMale Organs: Pain in vagina Chest: Pain < deep breathing/< motion Chest: Pain stitching outward Chest: Pain l. side in evening Back: Pain: coccyx/in dorsal region, r.
scapula Limbs: Pain knees, stitching burning Limbs: Pain in legs, Tendo-achillis Limbs: Pain in shoulders in evening Limbs: Pain in thighs < sitting Limbs: Pain in balls of first toes Skin: Eruptions tetters, stitching Skin: Ulcers painful, stinging in areola Generals: Pain in joints, stitching tearing Generals: Pain stitching pain, jerking pain |
Stitching Head: Pain in l./r. forehead Head: Pain in scalp Head: r./l. Side Head: Pain in r. temples Eye: Pain in (inner) canthi Eye: Pain in lids Ear: Pain > boring into ear Ear: Pain: stitching pain, itching Ear: Pain behind ears Face: Pain in lips Face: Pain in submaxillary glands Mouth: Pain palate, stitching Throat: Pain in morning External Throat: Pain in cervical glands Abdomen: Pain in external abdomen Abdomen: Pain in hypochondria < inspiration (< motion) Abdomen: Pain in lower abdomen, Abdomen: Pain in sides < inspiration Abdomen: Pain in l. side Urethra:Pain Chest: Pain l. side < inspiration Chest: Pain sides, lower part, r. Back: Pain in cervical region, nape of neck Back: Pain in coccyx Back: Pain in lumbar region < lifting Back: Pain in spine/vertebrae Limbs: Pain in heels “As from splinter”
(burning) Limbs: Pain in palms of hands Limbs: Pain in thighs < sitting, Limbs: Pain balls of first toes Generals: Pain stitching pain, jerking pain Generals: Pain stitching downward |
Stitching Head: Pain in forehead in frontal eminence Head: Pain r./l. forehead Eye: Pain in lids Ear: Pain: > boring in ear Face: Pain in submaxillary glands Abdomen: Pain < during cough Abdomen: Pain in hypochondria <
inspiration Abdomen: Pain in hypogastrium < motion Abdomen: Pain in sides < inspiration Abdomen: Pain in l. side Rectum: Pain < during stool Rectum: Pain in anus < during stool FeMale Organs: Pain In vagina Chest: Pain in l. side: < during
cough/evening/< inspiration Chest: Pain sides, lower part r. Back: Pain in spine (vertebrae) Limbs: Pain in knees, stitching burning Limbs: Pain in Tendo achillis Limbs: Pain in joints of upper limbs Generals: Pain in joints, stitching pain, tearing |
Stitching Eye: Pain in inner canthi Back: Pain in nape of neck, sore Limbs: Pain in feet of soles: Stitching/burning Limbs: Pain in shoulders in evening |
Constipation Head -´Pain + constipation Abdomen: Distension during constipation, Rectum: Constipation: difficult stool, recedes stool Rectum: Constipation periodical (<
alternate days) Rectum: Constipation during perspiration, Rectum: Constipation painful |
Constipation Rectum: Constipation: difficult stool,
recedes, stool Rectum: Constipation: painful |
Constipation Abdomen: Distension during constipation, |
Constipation Rectum: Constipation periodical (<
alternate day) |
Constipation Head: Pain + constipation Rectum: Constipation periodical (<
alternate day) Rectum: Constipation during perspiration, |
Paralysis sensation Hearing: Impaired from paralysis of the auditory nerve Limbs: “As if paralysed” in legs |
Paralysis sensation Rectum: Paralysis of sphincter ani Limbs: Paralysis of lower Limbs + involuntary stool Generals: Paralysis toxic |
Paralysis sensation Hearing: Impaired from paralysis of the auditory nerve Rectum: Paralysis of sphincter ani Limbs: “As if paralysed” Limbs: Paralysis of lower Limbs + stool involuntary |
Paralysis sensation Generals: Paralysis toxic |
Paralysis sensation No rubrics |
Ulceration sensation Head: Pain in scalp ulcerative Head: Ulcers Eye: Ulceration of conjunctiva Nose: Ulcers on septum (round ulcers) Face: Ulcers on lips, eosinophilic ulcers Face: Ulcers in corners of mouth Mouth: Pain in ate ulcerative Mouth: Ulcers: canker sore/cheeks [nside
(lichen planus)]/painful (sore, smarting Mouth: Ulcers phagedenic/on (soft) plate/syphilitic (on tongue)/white Throat: Ulcers on fauces/ulcers
spreading/syphilitic/on tonsils/on uvula (syphilitic) Rectum: Haemorrhoids ulcerating Male Organs: Ulcers: penis, chancres
(elevated margins)/on Prepuce/on scrotum FeMale Organs: Ulcers: uterus/ Vulva Chest: Phthisis pulmonalis, purulent and
ulcerative Chest: Ulcers lungs Limbs: Ulcers on fingers nails/on legs
(burning/bones, tibia/thighs) Skin: Pimples ulcerated Skin: Ulcers: areola, red/discharges,
offensive/putrid/discharge [thin/watery/elevated (with indurated
margins)/flat/fungous/edges gangrenous] indurated margins/with jagged margins (with
zigzag)/mercurial/with gnawing pain/painful, stinging, stitching in areola
in/proud flesh/pulsating/after scratching/ spongy/superficial/swollen/syphilitic/tense/ unhealthy Generals: Cancerous affections: ulcers (on glands)/mucous membranes with complaints of ulceration/ of Generals: Pain in ulcerative glands Generals: Ulcers in cancerous glands |
Ulceration sensation Head: Pain: ulcerative pain in scalp Ear: Ulceration Mouth: Pain on palate ulcerative Mouth: Ulcers: canker sore Mouth: Ulcers deep Mouth: Ulcers: in corners/painful (sore,
smarting)/on palate Throat: Ulcers on tonsils FeMale Organs: Ulcers vulva Limbs: Pain in nails ulcerative Limbs: Ulcers on legs burning Limbs: Ulcers on lower limbs, fetid Skin: Ulcers: black/bluish/burning in
margins/crusty/discharges offensive, putrid/elevated and indurated margins/fungous/gangrenous/mercurial painful (with cutting/painful margins/ stinging, stitching, areola in/ surrounded by pimples/pulsating/
pustules/margins sensitive/tense (areola)/with thrust inside/unhealthy Generals: Mucous membranes with complaints of ulceration Generals: Pain in glands ulcerative |
Ulceration sensation Head: Pain scalp ulcerative Ear: Ulceration Face: Ulcers on lips eosinophilic Face: Ulcers in mouth, corners Mouth: Ulcers on soft palate Mouth: Ulcers on palate, velum, Rectum: Haemorrhoids ulcerating Male Organs: Chancres on penis (elevated/on
margins) Male Organs: Ulcers, on penis, prepuce FeMale Organs: Ulcers uterus Chest: Phthisis pulmonalis, purulent and
ulcerative Limbs: Ulcers: on ankles/on hands/legs,
bones, /tibia on thighs/on fingernails Skin: Eruptions, pimples, ulcerated Skin: Ulcers: with red areola/bluish/burning
in margins/ crusty/with crawling/discharges (copious/offensive, putrid/watery/ (with
elevated and) indurated margins/flat/gangrenous/jagged margins (with
zigzag)/mercurial/ painful, biting/with painful cutting/gnawing
pain/painful margins/gnawing pain/painful,
smarting/spongy/with thrust inside/varicose (indurated margins)/ proud
flesh/surrounded by pimples/superficial/swollen /syphilitic/tense/unhealthy Generals: Cancerous affections
(ulcers/glands) Generals: Mucous membranes, complaints of, ulceration of Generals: Pain glands, ulcerative Generals: Ulcers glands |
Ulceration sensation Head: Pain on scalp, ulcerative Head: ulcers Eye: Ulceration of conjunctiva Mouth: Ulcers: canker sore/deep/ painful,
sore, smarting/phagedenic/on (soft) palate/white FeMale Organs: Ulcers, uterus, cervix Chest: Ulcers on/in lungs Limbs: Pain ulcerative in nails Limbs: Ulcers: on hands/lower limbs, fetid/ Skin: Ulcers: black/with crawling/discharges
copious/gangrenous (edges)/painful, biting/painful with cutting/painful
gnawing/painful smarting spongy/with thrust inside/varicose Generals: Cancerous affections ulcers
(glands)/mucous membranes, ulceration Generals: Pain: glands, ulcerative ulcers on glands |
Ulceration sensation Nose: Ulcers on septum (round ulcers) Mouth: Ulcers in [inside (lichen planus)]
cheeks/painful/syphilitic (on tongue) Throat: Ulcers: in
fauces/spreading/syphilitic/on tonsils/on Uvula (syphilitic) Male Organs: Ulcers on scrotum FeMale Organs: Ulcers on cervix Uterus Limbs: Ulcers on: ankles/fingernails/bones of
legs tibia/discharges (copious/thin surrounded by pimples/proud
flesh/syphilitic/varicose |
Chill Mind: Unconsciousness during chill Mind: Dryness during chill Mouth: Odor offensive during chill Stomach: Nausea with chilliness Abdomen: Chill in external abdomen Abdomen: Pain during chill Limbs: Heat in feet during chill Sleep: Sleeplessness with chill Sleep: Waking with chill Chill: Chilliness morning (< in bed)/in
afternoon (without subsequent heat)/before o./+ at midnight Chill: Chilliness “As if hair standing on End” Chill: in daytime/in evening < after lying
down Chill: > Motion Chill: Shaking in forenoon/evening Fever: Internal heat with external chill Fever: chill + internal heat Fever: heat followed by chill Generals: Pain (tearing) in muscles during
chill Generals: stretching out during chill |
Chill Mouth: Dryness during chill Limbs: Numb fingers/hands during chill Limbs: Pain in upper limbs during chill Sleep: Sleeplessness with chill Sleep: Waking with chill Chill: Chillness in morning (< in bed)/evening
20 h./at midnight/before midnight Chill: Chillness “As if hair standing on end” Chill: Heat without subsequent Chill: Shaking one side Chill: a during sleep Generals: Stretching out during chill |
Chill Mind: Unconsciousness during chill Mouth: Dryness during chill Abdomen: Chill in external abdomen Abdomen: Pain during chill Limbs: Numb fingers during chill Limbs: Numb hands during chill Limbs: Pain in upper limbs during chill Chill: Coldness one sided Chill: Chilliness in afternoon/in evening 18
h./20 h./ (without subsequent heat) Chill: Evening < after lying down Chill: Shaking in forenoon/ evening/ext. over
body/one sided Chill: < during sleep Chill: Walking < in open air Fever: Internal heat with external chill Generals: Pain (tearing) in muscles during
chill |
Chill Mouth: Odor offensive during chill Stomach: Nausea with chilliness Limbs: Heat in feet during chill Chill: Coldness one sided Chill: Daytime/evening 18h Chill: > motion Chill: Shaking external over body Chill: Walking < in open air Fever: heat, followed by chill |
Chill No data |
Burning |
Sore |
Swelling |
Pressing |
Cramping |
Dryness |
Weakness Tearing Coldness |
Itch Heat Desire Smarting Damaging Vital Feverish Corroding Strong Arson |
Wound - Ulcer Excoriation. Annoying - Sensitive Offended - angry, bitter. Painful - Tender |
Inflammation Eruption Growth Erection Distension Boil/ abscess Bloating Inflating |
Tension Stiffness |
Paralysis Stitching Numbness Paroxysm |
Hard Stony Constipation Dull Desiccate Wry Teetotal Deadpan |
Lameness Ulceration Chill
Discharge Dead
Perspiration Insensitive Paralysis
Emotionless Fatigue Passion Exhaustion Faintness Impotence Powerless Flaw |
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REACTIONS TO THE SENSATIONS
The three reactivity modes are: the active reaction, the passive
reaction, and the compensated reaction. These reactivity modes are interrelated
and oppose each other in clinical
symptomatology representation. For example if the sensation is ‘caught
up’ or ‘stuck’ the active reaction will be to want to move, the passive
reaction will be being immobile or unable
to move, while the compensation will be a person who is always on the
move (Sankaran 2004).
shows the reactions to the sensations found in this study.
Reactions to the sensations
Sensation Active
reaction Passive reaction Compensation
Burning Hot, heat, active hurried Cold Desire
for open air, fanning; hurried
Sore Sensitive,
aggression, annoyed, angered Numbness
Restlessness
Swelling Enlargement
Atrophy
Discharge; restlessness
Pressing Tension,
pressure Weakness Aversion
to tight clothing; restless; freedom want of
Cramping Paralysis
>
Motion Restlessness
Dryness Constipation,
stones, necrosis Thirst, teetotal, friendlessness Polydipsia, alcohol abuse; desire
for company
Weakness Exhaustion,
lameness Active, hurried Desire for activity; intense
reaction
Tearing Ulceration
Growths
Desire for unification; intense
reaction involving
the union of two
substances/compounds or entities
Coldness Chill, dead/dying Heat,
alive Desire
for heat, passion, sex, fatty foods, spicy foods, coffee,
refreshing
things
MIASMATIC CLASSIFICATION
Most authors such as Farrington (1992) and Scholten (1993) regard acidum
remedies as being syphilitic in nature, mainly due to their destructive nature.
In this study the selected acidum
remedies were classified into specific miasms along the lines of
Sankaran’s miasmatic model (Sankaran 2005), using Sankaran’s miasmatic keywords
(see Appendix C). This study also
found that the syphilitic miasm is dominant in the selected group of
acidum remedies studied.
Nitricum acidum
[Vermeulen (2001)] Nitricum acidum is predominantly a sycotic remedy.
Being of a hydrogenoid constitution, Nitricum acidum checks syphilis after the
abuse of mercury and cachexia due
to syphilis. Even though predominantly sycotic, Nitricum acidum is also
syphilitic and therefore has a broad spectrum of action on syphilitic diseases
as well as miasmatically.
The following are syphilitic miasm related rubrics with their grading in
brackets:
Head: Pain: syphilitic (2)
Nose: (Ozena): syphilitic (3)
Face: Eruption: syphilitic (1)
Mouth: Ulcers: syphilitic (Tongue) (1)
Throat: Ulcers: syphilitic (2) (uvula)
Male Organs: Eruptions: syphilitic (3)
Male Organs: Eruptions: mucous patches (2)
Larynx and Trachea: Inflammation: larynx, syphilitic (2)
Limbs: Pain: rheumatic, syphilitic (2)
Skin: Eruptions: (pustules), syphilitic (2)
Skin: Eruptions: tubercles, syphilitic (2)
Skin: Ulcers: syphilitic (3)
Generals: Bones: complaints of, syphilitic (2)
Generals: Cartilage: affections of, syphilitic (2)
The following are sycotic miasm related rubrics with their grading in
brackets:
Limbs: Warts: fingers (2) (painful) (1)
Limbs: Warts: hands (3)
Skin: Warts: bleeding (2)/indented (1)/jagged (3)/large (3)/moist
(3)/pedunculated (3)
Generals: Tumour: angioma (2)/atheroma, steatoma (2)/gummata (1)
Generals: Convalescence during ailments after gonorrhoea
Urethra: Discharge: gonorrhoea chronic (1)
Muriaticum acidum
[Farrington (1992)] Muriatic um acidum is dominated by clinical features
relating to the typhoid miasm. It is widely represented in other miasms
according to keyword searches conducted
using Sankaran’s model but the greatest dominance comes from the typhoid
miasm.
The following are typhoid miasm related rubrics with their grading in
brackets:
Hearing: Impaired after typhoid fever (1)
Rectum: Diarrhoea involuntary during typhoid fever (1)
Bladder: Urination involuntary: typhoid fever (2)
Fever: Remittent becomes prone to typhoid haemorrhagic fever (2)
(haemorrhagic, oozing of dark thin blood from capillaries) (1)
Generals: Weakness during typhoid fever (2)
Generals: Collapse after smallpox (2)
Phosphoricum acidum
[Vermeulen (2001)] outlines the miasmatic predilections of Phosphoricum
acidum as typhoid, tuberculinic, cancerinic but dominantly sycotic.
Excrescences of Phosphoricum acidum are
sycotic in nature and there is a general predisposition to warty
tendencies.
The following are sycotic miasm related rubrics with their grading in
brackets:
Head: Tumour on scalp (1)
Limbs: Warts on hands (2)
Skin: Warts: bleeding (1)/indented (2)/jagged (1)/large (1)/moist
(1)/pedunculated (1)
Generals: Tumours: atheroma, steatoma (2)
Generals: Convalescence: ailments after gonorrhoea (1)
Sulphuricum acidum
Miasmatically related to most miasms but has most predilection for the
syphilitic miasm where it can be used as a traumatic remedy. The ulcerations which
are
more common in the syphilitic miasm are common within the Sulphuricum
acidum remedy (Vermeulen 2001; Farrington 1992).
The following are syphilitic miasm related rubrics with their grading in
brackets:
Head: Ulcers (1)
Mouth: Ulcers: canker sore (2)/painful, sore, smarting (1)
Female Organs: Ulcers: uterus, cervix (1)
Chest: Ulcers: white (2)
Limbs: Ulcers on hands (1)
Limbs: Ulcers: lower limbs, fetid (1)
Skin: Ulcers black (2)
Unique sensations arising from this study
The three extracted sensations which do not have a comparative pair to
that of Scholten are pressing, cramping, and dryness respectively.
The three unpaired sensations arising from this study are a unique
discovery and add value to the our understanding of acidum remedies.
A second unique contribution arising from this study is the
rearrangement of the Scholten sensations in such a way as to be comparable to
the extracted sensations.
This rearrangement has grouped the sensations into meaningful sets that
represents the pathophysiology of disease at mental, emotional, and somatic
level.
These outcomes contribute to the group analysis methodology and the body
of homoeopathic knowledge.
COMPARISON OF SENSATIONS EXTRACTED IN THIS STUDY AND SANKARAN’S ACIDUM GROUP
ANALYSIS
Three of the underlying, extracted sensations are comparatively similar
to that of Sankaran even though the terminology for the sensations is
different.
There are six sensations arising from this study which do not have a
comparative match in Sankaran’s analysis.
Extracted sensations
Sankaran’s analysis of acidum remedies
Burning
Struggle (represents all acidums)
Need to make effort (Sul-ac)
Feeling of danger (Nit-ac)
Sore
Swelling
Pressing
Cramping
Dryness
Weakness
Collapse (all acidums)
Tearing
Coldness
Unloved, uncared for, indifferent (Ph-ac)
Disappointment, disgraced, aversion to company (Mur-ac)
Let down (Fl-ac)
Burning compared to struggle ‘Burning’ is defined as being on fire, very
hot, hotly discussed, vital, strong, desire and intense activity (Oxford
Dictionary 2010).
The idea of struggle means to fight for something that is vitally needed
such as freedom from something. A burning sensation identified in this study is
can be understood as an intense activity which compares well to the idea of
‘struggle’ or a fight which Sankaran identified as the beginning theme of
acidum remedies (Sankaran 1994).
Sensation compared to collapse ‘Weakness’ is defined by lack of
strength, power or determination; may also be defined as a weak point system; a
difficulty in resisting something liked (Oxford Dictionary 2010). The sensation
of weakness identified in this study compares well to the theme of ‘collapse’
identified by Sankaran (1994). According to Sankaran (1994), failure of all
faculties (mental, emotional and physical faculty) highlights the arrival or
presence of collapse which in this study is viewed as weakness.
Unique sensations arising from this study
The six extracted sensations which do not have a comparative pair to
that of Sankaran are; sore, swelling, pressing, cramping, dryness, and tearing.
These six unpaired sensations arising from this study are a unique
discovery and add value to the our understanding of acidum remedies.
A second unique contribution arising from this study is the
rearrangement of the Sankaran’s sensations in such a way as to be comparable to
the extracted sensations. This rearrangement has grouped the sensations into
meaningful sets that represents the pathophysiology of disease at mental,
emotional, and somatic level. These outcomes contribute to the group analysis
methodology and the body of homoeopathic knowledge.
COMPARISON OF SENSATIONS EXTRACTED IN THIS STUDY AND MANGIALAVORI AND
MOROTTA’S ACIDUM GROUP ANALYSIS
Eight of the underlying, extracted sensations are comparatively similar
to that of Scholten even though the terminology for the sensations is
different. There is one sensation arising from this study which does not have a
comparative match in Mangialavori and Marotta’s group analysis.
Comparison of sensations extracted in this study and Mangialavori and
Marotta’s acidum group analysis
Extracted sensations
Model of acidum remedies
Mangialavori Marotta
Burning Burning
Serving family duty: work
Consumed
Sore Self-destructiveness: corrosive
Head-/Backache
Swelling No safe place
No personal identity/structure
Backache
Pressing
Cramping All or nothing
Cut off in order to escape
Dryness Water
Cheese, chocolate, sweets, acid
foods
Weakness Weakness/Depletion/Empty
Tearing Loss of memory
Coldness Depression
Burning sensation compared to the themes: Serving family duty-work;
consumed
Burning’ is defined as being on fire, very hot, hotly discussed, vital,
strong, desire and intense activity (Oxford Dictionary 2010).
The idea of family service is realized as a vital issue which is true
with acidum patients and it compares well with the findings of this research in
terms of urgency, vitality and goal. The same burning sensation can be compared
with the theme of ‘consumed’ as a result of working too much and rapidly often
without a reward or personal benefit (Mangialavori and Marotta 2005). At a
physical level,
after contact of an acid with the integument, the body gets into a frantic
reactivity. Bodily reactions that aim to access, report and repair damage get
underway immediately. At a cellular level certain families of cells work
together towards a certain objective not necessarily looking to be part of the
body after the healing process i.e. immune cells that eventually becomes pus.
This example brings to mind the idea of self-sacrifice which according
to Mangialavori and Marotta (2005) is common in acidums. These immune cell
merely sacrifice themselves for the welfare of other cells to survive. They
have a duty which they serve not looking for a reward or pleasure.
Sore sensation compared to the themes: Self-destructiveness-corrosive;
headache; backache
Sore’ may be defined as being offended, bitter, cross, resentful, mad which
may lead to aggression and outbursts of fighting, battle and or war (Oxford
Dictionary 2010).
A ‘sore’ may be defined as a wound, ulcer, abscess, painful lesion,
blister, infection or corrosion (Oxford Dictionary 2007).
The destruction of tissue that occurs at a physiological level during
the formation of an ulcer compares well with the theme of destruction that
occurs at a mental-emotional level in Mangialavori and Marotta’s (2005)
analysis of acidums. The headache that has aetiology of a problematic digestion
also compares well.
An ache or aching is described as a sore sensation (Oxford Dictionary
2010). The hint that the aetiology is problematic digestion is important
because this guides the thinking process towards acidum remedies which are
known for their weak digestion.
Swelling sensation compared to the themes: No safe place; no personal
identity/structure; backache ‘Swelling’ may be defined as an abnormally
enlarged place especially on the body; a condition of being larger or rounder
than normal due to injury or illness (Oxford Dictionary 2010). The
physiological development of swelling involves the influx of inflammatory
agents into an affected area (Guyton and Hall, 1997). These elements break
through their normal borders into another area. In essence they join together
in one space although performing different functions.
Lack of firm borders can be viewed as a threat to safety.
At the same time, one must note that inflammatory agents also include appropriate
immune components which heal and so in this instance crossing borders and
joining together is
a positive element of inflammation, although that is not the aspect in
focus for this sensation in this study.
Also, lack of borders may be viewed as loss in structure and primary
identity. Backache has both the sore sensation and swelling sensation.
Mangialavori and Marotta (2005) state that a backache is present as a theme
because it articulates a loss of structure, social standing and power, just like
a house without walls or a person without self-confidence
or power. All these comparisons articulate lack of support structures
which Mangialavori and Marotta (2005) find as a detrimental flaw that
characterizes acidum remedies.
These findings compare well with the finding of this research on
swelling using this view as an approach.
Cramping sensation compared to the themes: All or nothing; cut-off in
order to escape
Cramp’ may be defined as a sudden pain that is experienced when a part
of a body contract usually caused by cold or too much exercise; to prevent
development or progress; to stop somebody from behaving in the way they want
to; not enough space (Oxford Dictionary 2010).
A cramp may be viewed as a way in which the body halts the processes of
toxic exertion in order escape into a resting state. This compares well with
the theme ‘cut-off in
order to escape’ as well as the theme ‘all or nothing’. If the problem
is so overwhelming, acidum patients find it easier to just cut-off to escape
and not face the problem. This
compares well to the physiological scenario of cramping where the body
just halts or ‘freezes’ to escape the overwhelming activity.
Sensation of dryness compared to the food themes: Cheese, chocolate,
sweets, acid foods; water ‘Dry’ may be defined as without water or moisture;
ill humour; without emotion; boring; without alcohol, thirsty (Oxford
Dictionary 2010).
According to Mangialavori and Marotta (2005), all acids have a strong
desire for cheese which they claim prevents large amounts of fluid loss. The
comparison here is that there is a craving for cheese because the patient is in
a state of dryness and as a result needs water or water conserving foods such
as cheese for self-preservation. Acidum patients are known to have dreams of
water (Mangialavori and Marotta 2005) which represents the feminine side of
humanity. The dryness that a patient may experience at a dream level may
predispose them to dreams of water in an effort to balance their internal need.
Therefore, the food themes of water and cheese compares well with the sensation
of dryness found in this study.
Sensation of weakness compared to the theme: Weakness/Depletion/Empty
Weakness’ is defined by lack of strength, power or determination; it may
also be defined as a weak point system; a difficulty in resisting something
liked (Oxford Dictionary 2010).
This sensation compares well with the theme ‘weakness/depletion/empty’
described by Mangialavori and Marotta (2005).
Tearing sensation compared to the theme: Loss of memory
‘Tearing’ may be defined by damage to something by pulling apart, injure
a muscle by stretching too much, to move somewhere very quickly or in an
excited way. To cry. To attack somebody or something physically or with words,
to start doing something with a lot of energy. To destroy something violently
by pulling it apart, to make people in a country or an organization fight or
argue with each other (Oxford Dictionary 2010). The tearing sensation is
compared to the theme ‘loss of memory’ because of the idea of loss and
detachment from self and mental capacity. As the memory refuses to remain part
of what can be remembered the idea of separation is reflected. In acidum
patients the idea of loss of memory reflects the idea of loss of everything or
separating from the known reality. A tearing sensation compares well to this
theme as it defines the loss and or separation from known reality.
Sensation of coldness compared to the theme: Depression
‘Coldness’ is defined as having a lower than usual temperature, being
unfriendly, emotionless, not easy to find, indifferent, aloof, detached (Oxford
Dictionary 2010).
At the end stage of all disease when all is tried and done, depression
sets in. The sensation of coldness defines loss of vital heat or expressions
that are not pro-life. These expressions are in line with the theme of
depression outlined by Mangialavori and Marotta (2005).
Unique sensations arising from this study
One extracted sensation does not have a comparative pair to that of
Mangialavori and Marotta, namely, pressing. This one unpaired sensation arising
from this study are a unique discovery and add value to the our understanding
of acidum remedies. A second unique contribution arising from this study is the
rearrangement of the Mangialavori and Marotta sensations in such a way as to be
comparable to the extracted sensations. This rearrangement has grouped the
sensations into meaningful sets that represents the pathophysiology of disease
at mental, emotional, and somatic level. These outcomes contribute to the group
analysis methodology and the body of homoeopathic knowledge.
CHARACTERISTIC SENSATIONS OF ACIDUM REMEDIES
The case studies presented below highlight the sensations that the
prescriber used to guide the prescription selection. This illustrates how
sensations from group analysis can help the
student and practitioner alike in fine tuning the prescription process
and reaching an appropriate remedy efficiently yet swiftly.
This case studies help articulate the purpose of group analysis in the
homoeopathic prescription process as well as substantiate the sensations
identified in this research study.
Unless otherwise stated the rubrics data below is taken from Radar® 10
(Archibel 2008).
Burning
A burn is described as “tissue damage caused by such a gents as heat,
cold, chemicals, electricity, ultraviolet light or nuclear radiation” (Oxford
Dictionary 2007).
A burning sensation is described as “being very hot, looking and feeling
very hot” (Oxford Dictionary 2010). Both descriptions qualify as descriptions
of a sensation as described by Sankaran.
A burning sensation is the most common sensation in the acidum group of
remedies. As described above, the burning sensation could describe the idea of
intense passion; sexual urges; a compelling idea; the actual burn on the
integument or the mucous membrane +/o. the generalized intense feeling of heat
throughout the body. All these descriptions work at different levels of a being
(i.e. mental, emotional and physical level).
Nitricum acidum acts more on the borders between the mucous membranes
and the skin. It is renowned for dry heat symptoms and deep fissures with a red
base (Vermeulen 2001;
Boericke 2000; Phatak 2002).
Mouth: Eruptions: vesicles, tongue, burning
Rectum: Pain: morning, burning
Male Organs: heat in glans of penis
Urethra: Pain before urination burning
Muriaticum acidum has a great affinity for the mucous membranes of the
digestive tract.
There is also an intense burning that arises locally at the peripheries
of formed ulcers. Body heat may also become generalized as fever (Vermeulen
2001; Boericke 2000; Phatak 2002).
Mouth: Pain: in hard palate, burning
Throat: Pain: burning, itching, smarting pain
Skin: Ulcers: burning in margins
Fever: Continued fever stupid
Phosphoricum acidum has burning in particular parts of the body as well
as generally throughout the body which may be represented as fever. Intense
sexual desires +/o.
erections are characteristic in this remedy. These intense urges
eventually result in great weakness (Vermeulen 2001; Boericke 2000; Phatak
2002).
Teeth: “As if heat”
Male Organs: Sexual desire increased after a pollution
Back: Pain in spine, burning
Fever: Continued in evening
Generals: Orgasm of blood after emotions
Generals: Pain burning in bones
Sulphuricum acidum has generalized heat that may present as hot flushes
during a febrile state or other illnesses. This remedy also affects the
digestive tract with affinity for organs (mouth, rectum
and the stomach) which are often affected simultaneously (Vermeulen
2001; Boericke 2000; Phatak 2002).
Ear: Heat “As if escaping”
Mouth: Eruptions: vesicles burning on tongue
Mouth: Pain burning ext. stomach
Throat: Pain burning in oesophagus, ext. stomach
Stomach: Eructations type of, burning
Fever: Continued at night
Fluoricum acidums are strongly opinionated; have anxious ideas; their
intense sexual passion and desire is increased which causes insomnia; have
excessive enjoyment and pleasure during coition.
May report violent itching around ulcers; heat and pain in the bones as
well as generalized heat during fevers (Vermeulen 2001; Boericke 2000; Phatak
2002).
Mind: Audacity in children
Teeth: “As if heat”
Male Organs: Sexual desire increased in children
Male Organs: Erections < during sleep
Female Organs: Masturbation disposition in children
Limbs: Pain: burning in knees
Sore
A sore is described as an ulcer or an open wound on the skin or mucous
membranes, which may be caused by injury or infection (Oxford Dictionary 2007).
A sore sensation can also be
described as being upset and angry especially due to bad, unfair
treatment. It is also described as a sensitive, painful area on a part of a
body, often red due to infection or a wound
(Oxford Dictionary 2010). After the formation of an ulcer or injury, metabolic
processes become rapid depending on the size of the ulcer or injury. The
acid-base balance is therefore
affected favouring the acidic end rather than the alkaline end (Bishop,
Fody and Schoeff 2005). All clinical symptomatology relating to acidosis at all
three levels may ensue.
Nitricum acidum patients may become highly sensitive generally, and may
present with violent anger.
Forms deep ulcers which may be syphilitic, sycotic +/o. cancerous. There
is also soreness and burning in glans and beneath the prepuce on micturition
while in females external genital parts are
sore and ulcerating (Vermeulen 2001; Boericke 2000; Phatak 2002;
Farrington 1992).
Mind: Sensitive to all external expressions
Mind: Anger in morning on waking
Mind: Hatred and revengeful,
Throat: Ulcers on uvula syphilitic
Male Organs: Condylomata on penis with soreness
Muriaticum acidum patients become irritable and peevish mentally. They
also develop deep ulcers especially on the tongue; skin and genitals with great
sensitivity; they may also present
with great sensitivity of sexual organs aggravated by the least touch
(Vermeulen 2001; Boericke 2000; Phatak 2002; Farrington 1992).
Mind: Irritability with sadness,
Face: Pain sore in lips
Mouth: Ulcers painful, sore, smarting
Male Organs: Pain: sore in margin of prepuce
Female Organs: Vaginismus from sensitiveness of vagina
Phosphoricum acidum patients have soreness of the skin after infections
such as measles, small-pox, etc.; the skin is predisposed to ulcer formation
with offensive pus. Soreness may
also occur in various parts of the body (Vermeulen 2001; Boericke 2000;
Phatak 2002; Farrington 1992).
Head: Pain sore in brain
Skin: Eruptions: smallpox malignant
Skin: Ulcers: discharges offensive, putrid/sensitive in margins
Male Organs: Pain in penis, sore margin in prepuce
Sulphuricum acidum patients are irritable and sensitive like Nitricum
acidum patients. Have quick spreading ulcers due to the great propensity of the
tissue to become rotten, i.e
gangrene of the vagina or of the skin (Vermeulen 2001; Boericke 2000;
Phatak 2002; Farrington 1992).
Mind: Irritability with sadness
Chest: Pain: sore in sternum < touch
Limbs: Corns sore
Skin: Ulcers with gangrenous edges
Generals: Sensitiveness in glands
Fluoricum acidum is renowned for its destructive potential as a keynote.
There are syphilitic ulcers in the throat which are sensitive to cold but on
the skin the ulcers have red edges
surrounded by violent itching. There is ulceration of the uterine os.
There are caries of ossicles and periosteal abscess formation. There is
soreness and sensitivity of nipples,
there may be nymphomania and increased sexual desire in both sexes
(Vermeulen 2001; Boericke 2000; Phatak 2002; Farrington 1992).
Throat: Sensitive in pharynx
Throat: Ulcers syphilitic
Larynx and Trachea: Sensitive larynx
Female Organs: Ulcers, uterus, cervix
Male Organs: Sexual desire increased in children
Swelling
A swelling is described as a place on the body that has become larger or
rounder than normal as a result of an illness or injury (Oxford Dictionary
2007). A swelling otherwise understood
as inflammation is an immediate defensive reaction of tissue to any
injury as a result of damage by infection, chemicals and or physical agents.
Inflammation involves pain,
heat, redness, swelling and loss of function of the part affected. There
is vasodilation and hyperperfusion near the site of injury. White blood cells
also move towards the area
to provide protection against pathogens (Oxford Dictionary 2010). This
cascade of reactions causes swelling in the area affected.
Nitricum acidum patients may have syphilitic iritis; puffy swelling on
the scalp; generalized painful swelling of glands with or without suppuration;
oedematous prepuce. Skin eruptions
such as seen in sexually transmitted infections may also be present
(Vermeulen 2001; Boericke 2000; Phatak 2002; Farrington 1992).
Throat: Swelling in uvula, oedematous
Urethra: Swelling of meatus
Male Organs: swelling oedematous in penis (prepuce)
Male and Female Organs: Eruptions: herpes
Limbs: Swelling bones in legs
Generals: Swelling of glands painless
Muriaticum acidum patients may present with swollen tongue, uvula,
tonsils; burning and swelling of the tips of the toes; the skin may have
popular, vesicular eruptions; rectal piles
oozing moisture; haemorrhoidal tumours that prevent stools (Vermeulen
2001; Boericke 2000; Phatak 2002; Farrington 1992).
Face: Swelling of lower lip
Throat: Swelling of uvula, oedematous
Mouth: Eruptions: vesicles on tongue burning
Rectum: Haemorrhoids: bluish/swollen
Skin: Eruptions: blood boils
Phosphoricum acidum patients may present with periosteitis (tender,
swollen, “As if periosteum had been scraped off with a knife”); osteitis;
caries; rachitis; the eyelids may be
swollen; there may be difficulty in speech due to the swelling of the
tongue; eczema of the scrotum; herpes preputialis; swelling of the left
testicle
(Vermeulen 2001, Boericke 2000, Phatak 2002, Farrington 1992).
Head: Inflammation in periosteum
Female Organs: Inflammation chronic in uterus
Male Organs: Inflammation on scrotum, erysipelatous
Limbs: Swelling in bones of legs
Limbs: Swelling nodular in upper limbs
Limbs: Eruptions on fingers, vesicles
Skin: Swelling spongy
Generals: Inflammation of bones
Sulphuricum acidum May present with concussion of the brain with
coldness of the skin. There may also be inflammation and aphthous ulceration in
the mouth which may ext. abdomen
(Vermeulen 2001; Boericke 2000; Phatak 2002; Farrington 1992).
Head: Concussion of brain
Head: Eruptions: moist crusts, scabs
Mouth: Aphthae in children
Throat: Inflammation follicular
Rectum: Aphthous condition of anus
Fever: Intermittent with enlarged spleen
Fluoricum acidum patients may present with chronic inflammation of the lachrymal
sac; inflammation of the throat < cold; ascites of liver origin;
inflammation of finger joints;
and syphilitic tubercles on the skin (Vermeulen 2001; Boericke 2000;
Phatak 2002; Farrington 1992).
Eye: Inflammation of periosteum of orbit
Limbs: Inflammation of bones
Skin: Eruptions: tubercle: syphilitic/suppurating
Skin: Eruptions: dry herpetic
Face: Swelling in lower jaws
Swelling’ research study
The following research study is included here to give a different
perspective, as derived from fundamental research, regarding the action of
homoeopathic acidum remedies in relation to
‘swelling.’ In this study, Nadareishvili (2006) showed how Phosphoricum
acidum can affect the ionic homeostasis of normal and tumour cells. In the
context of the current research study,
a tumour is an example of swelling.
Nadareishvili (2006) conducted a series of studies on the effect of
homeopathy on the ionic homeostasis of normal and tumour cells. Ionic
homeostasis is one of the most sensitive tests
for the evaluation of the functional state of a cell. It provides
sensitive indices such as the rate of transmembrane transport of Na+, K+, and
Ca 2+ and the enzymes controlling the transport
which are crucial in the treatment of neoplastic and non-neoplastic
tumours.
Nadareishvili (2006) assessed the action of the homoeopathic dilution
Phosphoric acidum on ionic homeostasis in the cells of Ehrlich
carcinoma.
He used a method of continuous recording of sodium, potassium and calcium
ions with selective electrodes in a Ringer solution, and monitored the activity
of the enzymes that control
the transport of ions through the cell membrane.
The results showed that Phosphoric acidum 14 CH promoted functional
ionic transport and Na, K-ATPase in Ehrlich carcinoma cells.
Nadareishvili (2006) concluded that
Phosphoricum acidum 14CH restores the normal ionic homeostasis of
stressed cells which in turn improves the health of the cells thereby making
them less
susceptible to DNA degradation and tumour production.
The researcher was unable to read the original article because it is in
Russian, so is not privy as to why Phosphoric acidum was selected as the test
substance in the above study.
However, all acids are proton donors therefore impact ionic transfer,
and one can hypothesise that a material dose of Phosphoric acid can severely
derange the ionic transfer in and out of cells,
therefore a homoeopathic dose can have the opposite effect, as
demonstrated in this case.
‘Swelling’ case study
The following Phosphoricum acidum case study from the British
Homoeopathic Association journal paper with the title ‘Tired all the time’
(Hardy 2004).
This is a typical Phosphoricum constitutional case study substantiated
by the mental-emotional symptomatology with an overlap to the Phosphoricum
acidum clinical aspect. This clinical aspect
Links the physical symptomatology and therefore the sensations that
arise as a result. The swollen sensation represented in the case study as
distension of the stomach further substantiate the
findings of this research on acidum remedies and their potential to cure
gut dysbiosis.
Hardy (2004) presents the case of a married woman, 36, mother of eight
children, who for some time had been so melancholy, depressed and tired that
she was unable to fulfil her household duties.
There was no discoverable mental cause, though her condition had been
made worse by a sudden death in the family. The beginning of the illness was
apparently a weakness of the stomach: small
appetite; always pain and distension after eating; the food seemed to
lie long in the stomach undigested.
Phosphoricum acidum 6x H, ten drops three times a day, soon restored the
patient. This case illustrates the overlap between the physical
and mental/emotional symptoms which are characteristic of acidums,
particularly concomitant fatigue and sadness.
Pressing
Progressive inflammation requires more space which brings on the element
of pressure as both a sensation and a pathophysiological occurrence. Pressure
is described as the force or weight with which something presses against
something else or it could be described as difficulties and feelings of anxiety
that are caused by the need to achieve or to behave in a particular way.
Pressing is an adjective which describes pressure as an emergency needing to be
dealt with immediately which cannot be ignored (Oxford Dictionary 2007).
Nitricum acidum patients may present with a sensation of a band around
head; pressure of a hat causes headaches with crushing pain; there is a
sensation of pain as if bound by an iron band; pressive pain in the shoulders;
tensive pain in the right hip joint (Vermeulen 2001/Boericke 2000/Phatak
2002/Farrington 1992).
Head: Pain pressing afternoon
Head: Pain in occiput < noise
Stomach: Pain < pressure, pressing
Rectum: Pain before stool pressing
Kidneys: Pain pressing
Extremities: Tension in joints
Throat: Pain < swallowing pressing
Muriaticum acidum
A bruised, crushed sensation in the head; fullness and distension in the
abdomen (Vermeulen 2001/Boericke 2000/Phatak 2002/Farrington 1992).
Head: Pain in forehead pressing downward
Head: Pain in temples, < pressure,
Teeth: Pain pressing, “As if a part pressed”
Ear: Pain pressing outward
Abdomen: Distension morning on waking
Extremities: Tension in elbows
Phosphoricum acidum
May present with head pain as if the temples were crushed; feeling of
tension as from dried egg white; pressure in the hypogastrium; pressive pain in
the stomach; sharp pressure in the left mammae; pressure behind the sternum,
and warm food makes pressive pain better generally (Vermeulen 2001/Boericke
2000/Phatak 2002/Farrington 1992).
Head: Pain in forehead l. pressing pain
Face: Tension of skin “As if egg white were dried on the face”
Stomach: Pain pressing, “As from a weight”
Chest: Oppression at night
Abdomen: Distension > passing flatus
Skin: Ulcers tense areola
Sulphuricum acidum
May present with sensation as if rectum contains a big ball;
Symptoms < for pressure (Vermeulen 2001/Boericke 2000/Phatak
2002/Farrington 1992)
Rectum: Pain before stool, pressing
Rectum: Pain < after stool
Abdomen: Pain l. side pressing
Abdomen: Pain r. hypochondria pressing
Abdomen: Pain in inguinal region, pressing outward
Head: Pain in temples, pressing
Extremities: “As if bandaged” in legs
Fluoricum acidum
May present with pressure on the head from within outwards;
fullness and pressure in the epigastrium < bandaging; pressure and
dullness in the occiput (Vermeulen 2001/Boericke 2000/Phatak 2002/Farrington
1992)
Head: Pain in forehead “As if compressed”
Generals: Sexual desire suppressed
Abdomen: > Bandaging
Extremities: Pain in feet pressing
Pressing’ case study
The following case is a typical constitutional Phosphoricum case study
with physical symptomatology that represents the Phosphoricum acidum clinical
features. The slightest
noise is represented as a very intense pressure sensation within the
organism. This cured case represents the potential to cure effected by acidum
remedies with the keynote
sensations used as a guide to the remedy.
This is a historical case by Lutze (Hahn. Adv. 1900:664) and involves a
German woman, 66, with a main complaint of chronic, early morning, painless
diarrhoea cured by
Ph-ac after the failure of Podophyllum and partial success of Gelsemium.
The patient had been ill for two years, dating from the time she came to
Brooklyn from Germany to be near her daughters. One of the latter gave Lutze
the keynote of the
case by telling him that her mother was homesick, and wanted to return
to Germany, though she had not a single relative there. The symptoms were: <
music (every note = stitch
in ears; violent pains in head); slight shock or noise = pressure in
head which was extremely violent.
The curative was Ph-ac. 6 CH, ten drops 3x daily (Clarke 2010).
Cramping
Following inflammation and swelling there is mass effect which induces
pressure on the affected area. The inflammatory pressure effect on vasculature
compromises circulation
leading to ischaemia and ischaemic effects. Cramping is one of the
clinical symptomatology of delayed or compromised circulation and circulatory
processes (Beukes 2001/Guyton and
Hall 1997/Kumar et al. 2007). A cramp is defined as a sudden pain which occurs
when the muscles in a particular part of the body contract as a result of
exercise or cold. It could also
be defined as the prevention and or halting of development or progress
(Oxford Dictionary 2010).
Nitricum acidum
May present with paralysis of the upper eye lids; needle like stitches
in the urethrae; stitching pain in the lumber region when coughing; stitches in
and between scapulae; stiff neck
drawing in lumber region as if stiff; cramps in calves when walking;
stiffness and stitches in the knees (Vermeulen 2001/Boericke 2000/Phatak
2002/Farrington 1992)
Extremities: “As if legs paralysed”
Extremities: Cramps in calves < walking
Ear: Pain behind the ears stitching
Head: Pain in vertex in afternoon stitching
Rectum: Pain in anus < during stool
Back: Pain in scapulae r.
stitching
Back: Pain in lumber region < lifting stitching
Muriaticum acidum
May present with periodical pain over the left eye and numbness down the
right arm + aphasia; tongue may be paralysed; difficulty in speech from heaviness
of the tongue; attempts
to swallow produce spasms and choking; cramping in the abdomen; drawing
pain when walking so that the foot becomes paralysed; cramps in the ball of
thumb when writing; cramp
like tearing in the thighs (Vermeulen 2001/Boericke 2000/Phatak
2002/Farrington 1992)
Head: “As if numb in forehead”
Extremities: Numbness in fingers during chill
Extremities: - Numbness in hands during chill
Head: Heaviness sides
Extremities: Heaviness in forearms
Back: Pain between capulae drawing
Phosphoricum acidum
patients may present with spasmodic drawing pain in the ear, cramps in
upper arms and wrists; cramp like pressure in hands and fingers (Vermeulen
2001/Boericke 2000/Phatak 2002/Farrington 1992)
Back: Pain in between scapulae
Extremities: Pain in hollow of knees drawing
Extremities: Cramps in hips
Extremities: Cramps in upper arms
Extremities: Cramps in wrists
Extremities: Heaviness in joints
Sulphuricum acidum
May present with stitches in both hypochondria; stitches in the chest;
cramp like paralytic contractions in the arm; jerking of fingers while writing;
writer’s cramp; jerking of tendons; stitches in the joint
(Vermeulen 2001/Boericke 2000/Phatak 2002/Farrington 1992)
Extremities: Jerking in fingers
Abdomen: Twitching and jerking sides
Extremities: Pain in legs jerking
Generals: Pain in muscles, tearing, jerking
Stomach: Pain cramping “As from becoming cold”
Abdomen: Pain in evening cramping
Fluoricum acidum
May present with feeling of weight in stomach between meals; numbness of
parts and heaviness especially of the head (Vermeulen 2001/Boericke 2000/Phatak
2002/Farrington 1992)
Stomach: Pain pressing “As from a weight”
Head: Heaviness on waking
Head: Heaviness < stooping
Head: Numbness “As if numb in forehead”
Mouth: Numb tongue
Extremities: Numb hands < morning in
Cramping’ case study
The following case study is included here to provide a different
perspective while conveying the fundamental key features of sensations
identified in this study. The violent cramping experienced by
this particular patient during the cholera episode is one of the
sensations found in this study. The violence that amplifies the sensation is also
consistent with the overall nature of acidum remedies.
The Sulphuricum acidum which is used as a prescription in this case
study is well known for its effects against cramping resulting from loss of
vital fluids such as in the case of cholera.
This is also an historical case, presented by Cannon (1927), of a man
aged 35 with violent cramps, vomiting, and rice-water stools. On microscopic
examination, the cholera vibrio was found to be
present.
Sulphuricum acidum 3 CH was given within two hours of the commencement
of symptoms. Six hours later, no vibrio was to be found.
Sulphuricum acidum is well known for its beneficial effects on cramping
resulting from loss of vital fluids such as in the case of cholera. The
violence that amplifies the sensation in this case is also
consistent with the overall nature of acidum remedies.
Vorwort/Suchen Zeichen/Abkürzungen Impressum