Miasma Psora =
Skabies/= Krätze
Kind: Anhang;
Vergleich: Anhängsel (Carola und Ravi Roy/R.
Schule/Laurence Gromier-Heim/ Frederic Schmitt) + Anhang (Manuel Harand/Alastair Yarrow) +
Comparison Psora and Sycosis
(Y.R. Agrawal)
[Hahnemann]
Read in par. 80 of the Organon: “… the chronic miasm of Psora”
(chronische Miasm der Psora, wrote Hahnemann) or “… the monstrous, internal,
chronic miasm”…
(innere, ungeheure, chronische Miasm, wrote Hahnemann also in par. 80) or more
clearly: “Psora is a chronic miasm …which in several thousands of years….must
have assumed such a vast extension of varied symptoms…”. Hahnemann then,
recognized the existence of acute miasms (acute miasmatic or infectious
diseases), half-acute
miasms (half-acute miasmatic or infectious diseases) and chronic miasms
(chronic miasmatic or infectious diseases).
[Aanisah Ford]
Table 2.1:
Indications of the psoric miasmatic state
1. Hypersensitivity
A disturbance in functions and sensations
2. Mind-theoretical
He cannot embody what he thinks, they are in their own world mentally.
3. Restlessness They
are always in a hurry and cannot find peace.
4. Changing nature A
constant change in character due to his relentless need for new things.
5. Self centred They
are selfish and show no affection.
6. Hide and seek
nature In most psoric cases the patient is dishonest, they are very private and
secretive.
7. Lack inclination
They think they are alright even when they are extremely ill.
8. Dirtiness In
their appearance and show signs of timidity.
9. Redness All
mucus membranes
10. Skin
afflictions Even if there is no current skin complaint there may be a history
of skin diseases of psoric nature.
11. Neuralgic pains
All pains of psora are generally of a neuralgic nature.
12. Nervousness One
of the main characteristics of psora is affinity for the nervous system.
13. Standing All
symptoms in psora < standing.
14. Discharges >
All conditions of a psoric nature > natural discharge.
15. Deficiency /
insufficiency/want A significant indication of psora, most of the diseases of a
deficient nature originated from psora.
16. Burnt taste A
major indication of psora and is only seen in psora. Other tastes in the mouth
(sweet or slimy taste) may also indicate psora.
[Edward Peter
Phahamane]
2.5.1.3 Psora
miasmThe psora miasm is characterized by “Struggle”. This miasm explains an
event or situation which one must struggle with to become successful. In this
miasm, doubts of being inadequate may arise but there’s muchhope that all will
be alright eventually. In this miasm, struggle means a reward of better
achievement later
i.e. rising to or
maintaining a position (Sankaran 2002).
[Rosina Sonnenschmidt]
Sulphur
Fagopyrum
[Eizayaga]
Hypersensitivity would be in 's view possibly evidence of the metamiasm of
Psora = hyperreactivity, (Eizayaga disagreed with if I recall, H. Roberts that
the meta concept
of psora was "deficiency". Eizayaga's general view of several
of the meta-miasm categories:
Psora = hyperreactivity (e.g. allergies, phobias, etc);
[Andreas
Holling]
Einschätzung der Situation und der nötigen Reaktion
Die Situation ist schwierig aber nicht bedrohlich, es
besteht ein Defizit. Der Mangel wird mit einer kritischen Haltung wahrgenommen.
Die Behebung des Mangels liegt
im Bereich der eigenen Möglichkeiten und Fähigkeiten.
Das Ego und damit einhergehend die Einschätzung der
eigenen Kompetenz ist nicht maßlos. Bei Sulphur z.B. reicht der Respekt und die
Anerkennung durch andere.
Man fühlt sich als Mitglied einer Gruppe. Das Gefühl von
Isolation ist kaum vorhanden. Bei Versagen fällt man nicht tief.
Version der Bewältigung
Das Problem wird als lösbar angesehen. Es besteht gute
Hoffnung. Mit einem nicht übermäßigen Energieaufwand besteht die Aussicht auf
völlige Wiederherstellung.
Diese Definition unterscheidet sich sehr von derjenigen
von Alphonso Elisalde Masi. Dort wird angenommen, daß es in jedem Arzneimittel
verschiedene Abwehrformen gibt und daher die unterschiedlichen, teils
widersprüchlichen Symptome zu erklären sind.
Version des Versagens
Ängstliche Zweifel an den eigenen Fähigkeiten. Mangelndes
Vertrauen auf seine Kräfte (Selbstvertrauen), Verzweiflung um die Genesung,
Versagen bedeutet aber nicht,
dass die Welt untergeht. Wo findet man die psorische
Haltung physiologischerweise?
Das psorische Miasma korrespondiert mit einem Alter, in
dem man sich Dinge erkämpfen muss, dem Teenager-Alter. In dieser Zeitspanne
lernt man, sich der Welt zu stellen und auf eigenen Füßen zu stehen. Es ist wie
bei einem Jugendlichen, der das Autofahren lernt. Die Aufgabe ist durchaus im
Bereich des Möglichen und Machbaren, aber man muss sich bemühen; dann schafft
man es auch. Ein typisch psorisches Spiel, welches sich bei jungen Menschen
großer Beliebtheit erfreut, ist Fußball. Das Ziel -oder das Tor-
ist hier immer in Sicht (nie außer Reichweite), und nach
ein wenig Kämpfen und Anstrengung ist man durchaus in der Lage, das Ziel zu
erreichen. Es ist nicht unmöglich und es ist nicht absolut notwendig, dass man
ein Tor erzielt. Man spielt es in einer Gruppe.
Pathologien
Funktionelle Pathologien. Begierden sind maßvoll
Hinweis: Bei der Analyse der Pflanzenfamilien fand
Sankaran keine Mittel mit psorischem Miasma. Seine Erklärung ist, dass viele in
der 3-er Klassifikation als psorisch bestimmte Mittel sich letztendlich in eine
der neuen Zwischenmiasmen wiederfinden (z.B. Bry., Nux-v., welche besser in das
typhöse Miasma passen)
Arzneimittel Psora: Calc., Cupr-met., Lyc.,
Psor., Sulph.
Sulphur: Er hat Phantasien von seiner Großartigkeit und
das Gefühl, er sei der Größte. Aber er (und das psorische Miasma) hat auch ein
charakteristisches Gefühl von Zufriedenheit. Er strengt sich an, den Respekt
anderer Menschen zu gewinnen. Und wenn ihm einmal Anerkennung als gelehrter
Mensch zugekommen ist, dann ist er glücklich. Das darunterliegende Gefühl,
nicht geachtet zu sein, geht nur so tief, dass er zufrieden ist, eine
respektable Position innezuhaben (ganz im Gegensatz zu Platin
und Medorrhinum–beide in der Rubrik Egoismus).
[Sankaran]
The keywords that predominate in a Psoric patient
is “struggle.” The patient is always in a struggle with regards to money and
ego. He feels that things may go wrong at
any time, even though his situation is fine. He
feels he is losing something, like his business will fail or he will lose his
fortune. He fears poverty, hence talks of business,
has delusions that he is going to lose his
fortune, therefore to keep things as they are he must struggle. To conclude a
Psoric patient feels anxious about his future and doubts his abilities to deal
with stress. His main concerns are a fear of poverty.
[Mohinder Singh Jus]
Psorische
Depression
Weil
wir so psorisch sind, sind wir empfindlich. Wir sagen feinfühlig und meinen es
als Kompliment. Eigentlich ist es eine Krankheit, beleidigt und verletzt bei
der kleinsten Bemerkung zu sein oder Kopfweh von Nordwind, Tee, Kaffee zu
kriegen. Bei psorischen Menschen zappeln die Nerven sofort. Sie sind
überempfindlich, leicht schockiert, leicht verängstigt, ein bisschen Lärm im
Keller und schon haben sie Herzklopfen und Angst. Solche Feinfühligkeit ist wie
ein wucherndes Unkraut. Es macht unfähig, die Schönheit des eigenen
Lebensgartens zu sehen und hindert daran, ein normales Leben zu führen.
Meistens
sind psorische Depressionen temporär und kurz dauernd. Der Patient spricht
gewöhnlich schnell auf eine Behandlung an und findet bald wieder sein
Gleichgewicht.
Psorische
Auslöser
Unerfüllte
Erwartung: Psorische Menschen sind sehr ehrgeizig aber auch leicht frustriert.
Aus diesem Grund können sie mit einer Depression reagieren, wenn die eigenen
Erwartungen nicht erfüllt werden (Sil.)
Enttäuschung:
Sehr possessiv, schnell enttäuscht, wenn es nicht so geht wie sie wollen. Bsp.:
Eine Mutter wird depressiv, wenn die Tochter auszieht.
Sie
weiss, dass es normal ist, kann sich aber damit nicht abfinden
Zuviel
Freude: Angst vor Freude (Psor.) Bsp. Ein Geschäftsmann wird depressiv in einer
Zeit, wo sein Geschäft floriert. Er kann nicht an sein Glück glauben, hat
grosse Zukunftsängste und denkt immer: «es kann nicht lange so gut gehen»
Angst
im Geschäft zu versagen, im Allgemein zu versagen. Bsp. Eine Calc-Frau backt
diesen Kuchen seit 20 Jahren, aber jedes Mal hat sie Zweifel, ob der Kuchen gut
ist.
Sie
studiert das Gesicht von allen Gästen und kann sich erst entspannen, wenn sie von
allen gelobt wird.
Wetterabhängige
Depression: z.B. < Frühling, < heißes Wetter usw.
Starker
Blutverlust
Unterdrücktes
Nesselfieber, allgemein unterdrückte psorische Symptome (unterdrückter nervöser
Darm, unterdrückte Hautausschläge usw.), unterdrückter Scharlach,
Masern,
unterdrückte Menses
Ängste
Folgende
Ängste gehören zum psorischen Miasma:
Ängste
vor:
Verlust/Tod/Dunkelheit/Gespenster/Überfall/Einbrecher/Dieben/Veränderungen/Neuem/Zukunft/Prüfungen/Lampenfieber/Alleinsein/Männer/
andere Geschlecht/Existenz finanzielle;
<:
Sonne/Wetterwechsel/mit leerem Magen;
>:
nach dem Essen (Anac. Phos. Chel. Psor. Lyc.)
Nach
Durchfall: (Cimic. Nat-s.)
[H.C.
Allen]
Bar-c.: Fevers occurring
in young persons or old people of a psoric diathesis
Psora Struggle/“Itch“
Reacts to a situation
which demands struggle with the circumstances outside in order to survive.
Aspects:
Apathy/indecisions about serious issues - Irresolution
Psora Miasm: The feeling is that of a difficult situation where one has
to struggle in order to succeed. Anxiety with doubts about his ability, but he
is hopeful and
failure does not mean the end of the world. He must struggle in order to
recover or maintain his position.
Psora spends its action largely upon the nervous system. The greatest
force to rouse the psoric dyscrasia is grief or sorrow. Mentally alert and
easily fatigued.
They dread to undertake any exertion. They fear their health will fail, that
they will be incurable, or that they will be dependent. Psoric manifestations
> elimination: diarrhea, perspiration or urination.
[Edward C.
Whitmont]
Sykose and syphillinie (tuberculinie) are special forms of Psora. Most
remedies are a blend of all or some miasmen
Psora ist der Anstoß zur
Kreativität, Entwicklung, Gestaltung und Sinnfindung. Dies erfordert ständige
Objekt-/Substanzbegegenung/-auseinandersetzung. Aber hier gilt:
Was nicht seelisch verarbeitet
werden kann, fällt oder bleibt ins Körperliche. Wenn ein Problem eigentlich
seelisch verarbeitet werden müsste und nicht von der psychologischen Seite
angegangen wird.
Kann sich dies als Widerstand
gegen die Arznei äußern. Es heißt immer in die Schmerz (Trauer durch Weinen)
hineingehen. Wandel braucht was wir Krankheit nennen, verursacht durch
Vieren/Bakterien/Gifte/Partner/Vorgesetzte/Automobile/
Luftverunreinigung je nach
Bedarf. Die Umwelt ist nach Bedarf verunreinigt.
Psora: derived from the Hebrew word “tsorat”,
meaning ‘groove, defect, pollution or stigma.’ According to Hahnemann, psora is
the oldest and most universal miasm and
the primary manifestation of psora is expressed
through the skin. It can be expressed through eruptions of all kind such as
erysipelas and scabies or itch. Hahnemann believed that everyone has the psoric
miasm as it was easily transmitted through scratching of the eruption. If the
eruption was suppressed through allopathic treatment, the psoric miasm would be
considered to be a latent susceptibility remaining in the person (de Schepper,
2001:356 - 364).
Principles and Art of Cure by Homeopathy - H.A. Roberts MD - Thanks to
Carl Townsend -UK
Vergleich
Psora - Sykose - Syphillinie - Tuberkulinie
The best time for taking an antipsoric is the morning, before breakfast
and the patient ought then to wait about an hour before eating or drinking
anything. [Hahnemann]
Roger Bacon (1219/20 –
1292):
His description of the effects of Antimony in leprosy reminds of Hahnemann's
concept of psora. "To begin with the patient is given six drops
on an empty stomach. And arrange it so that the
unclean person is alone without the company of any healthy people, in a
separate and convenient place. For his whole body will soon begin to smoke and
steam with a stinking mist or vapour. And on the second day his skin will start
to flake and much uncleanness will detach itself from his body. He should then
have three more drops of the medicine ready, which he should take and use in
solitude on the fourth day. Then on the eight or ninth day, by means of this
medicine and through the bestowal of Divine mercy and blessing, he will be
completely cleansed and his health restored."
BB.: zur Abgrenzung dienen und auf Solar-Plexus und
Wurzelchakra wirken, alle Blüten, die bei Empfindlichkeit helfen.
Psora
gekennzeichnet durch Mangel und Hemmung auf allen Ebenen; funktionelle
Beschwerdekomplexe, körperliche Abwehrschwäche, seelisch
überempfindlich/schüchtern; Mangel an Selbstvertrauen/-wertgefühl belasten.
Häufige
Infekte der Atemwege/Allergien/Neurodermitis und Asthma sind
die
häufigsten Erkrankungen, die eine Entlastung für die Psora darstellen.
Maßgebend für die Psora ist eine Grundschwäche, die sich insbesondere auf der
Haut als Krätze und Hautausschlag bemerkbar macht. Psora = die innere
Krätzekrankheit tritt durch den äußeren Krätzeausschlag in Erscheinung.
Die
Ursache der Schwäche ist wahrscheinlich keine körperliche, sondern eine
energetische, die aber zu körperlichen Kompensierungen führt. Z.b durch
übermäßiges Essen in der aktiven psorischen Phase - es kann dadurch aber der
energetische Mangel nicht ausgeglichen werden, weshalb der Drang nach
Stimulantia weiter besteht (Miasmen als Energieform), da die Heilungsversuche
nicht auf der gleichen Ebene geschehen. Das ist der Grund der Schaffung der
Miasmen, wobei der Organismus versucht, einen Mangel auf Ebenen auszugleichen,
auf denen sie nicht ausgeglichen werden können und er somit pathologische
Reaktionen im Organismus schafft. Das Verlangen nach Stimulantia (heißen
Getränken und Speisen/gebratenen, scharf gewürzten Speisen/Betäubungsmittel/Anregungsmitteln/Tee/Kaffee/Tabak
u.a.). Ursache = der Einwirkung der Psora auf
die
Lebenskraft. Die Lebenskraft wird so sehr geschwächt, dass der Körper die
Stimulantia braucht, um die notwendige Spannung für das tägliche Leben
aufzubauen.
Charakteristische
Zeichen:
Bescheidenheit
=> lebt mit Mangel
Charakterisiert
durch den Defekt - erkennen wir an der Hemmung des Individuums auf vielfache
Weise: an Mangelzuständen, an der Schwäche, am Minderwertigkeitsgefühl, dem
Kältegefühl; all dem, was den Mensch in seinen Ausdrucksmöglichkeiten reduziert
Charakter:
schwächlich, pedantisch, spärlich, unzugänglich
Tendenz:
Sehnsucht
Farbwahl:
blau
Krankheitsbereiche:
Minderwertigkeitskomplexe, Angst-Syndrome
Mittel:
Sulfur, Calcium
Heilmittel: Sulfur/Psor./Chin. (Grenzen
ziehen)
Ein
noch einigermaßen gut funktionierendes Immunsystem, das noch Lebensenergie zur
Verfügung sucht die Aktivierung. Daher tritt die aktive Psora zuerst auf.
Angst, Furcht
(was passieren könnte), Brennen, übersteigerte Einbildung, wechselhafte
Emotionen und leicht zu erschüttern durch starke emotionale Eindrücke
(Kummer/Schock/Wut/Furcht)/gesteigerte Gedankentätigkeit, Heißhunger, Krämpfe,
Reizbarkeit, Ruhelosigkeit (in der tuberkulinen Phase der Erkrankungen nimmt
diese
psychische Unruhe ein Eigenleben an und führt zur Sucht nach ständigen
Veränderungen und der tiefen Sehnsucht nach der verlorenen Heimat, die auf der
Ebene,
in der
gesucht wird, nicht gefunden werden kann), schreckhaft, Schwindel,
überempfindlich und überaktiv auf allen Ebenen des Daseins,
wechselhaftig/launenhaft - Stimmungsschwankungen, gestörtes Zeitempfinden,
Langsamkeit und Verzögerung.
Lokale
Beschwerden:
Heiße,
trockene Hautstellen; übermäßige Schweißabsonderung, rasende Gedanken (Geist
überempfindlich/-aktiv); Schwierigkeiten, sich neuen Situationen zu stellen =
Angriff als mögliche Reaktionsform; Husten; Juckreiz und Brennen (Haut/Augen);
Augen überempfindlich; gesteigerte Darmtätigkeit (Rumoren); Völle- o.
Druckgefühl („Wie einem Stein im Bauch“; Blähungen; Schmerz im Bauch;
Hämorrhoiden; Hautausschläge (trocken, rauh und pickelig, Bläschen, die
furchtbar jucken und nach dem Kratzen brennen), Nessel-/Krätzeausschlag;
Herzbeschwerden durch Furcht, Enttäuschung, Schocks, übermäßige Freude, obwohl
EKG unauffällig ist = > durch Ruhe; Kopfschmerz; Hörvermögen empfindLICH;
Geistes-
und Gemütssymptome:
Arbeitsunlust
(kann Arbeit nicht bewältigen "“Wie zu schwach"), keines Gedanken
fähig, Hypochondrie, Mangel an Selbstvertrauen (traut sich die Verantwortung
nicht
zu übernehmen. Alles erscheint einem wie ein großer Berg, den man nie
bewältigen wird, schafft es dennoch immer); schwierig sich neuen Situationen zu
stellen
= Rückzug als mögliche Reaktionsform; Neigung zu Schwermut und Selbstanklage;
Hängt sich an andere (übernimmt nicht die Verantwortung für das
eigene
Leben, sondern macht das Leben für die eigene Situation verantwortlich und
verlangt vom Leben, genährt zu werden).
Schlüsselwort: Ringen/Überreaktion/Unterfunktion
(verstopft:/apathisch usw.);
Thema: Hoffnung/struggling/= Antwort
auf Sprache + Werkzeug;
Lösung: sich zusammentun in Gruppen zur
erreichen eines gemeinschaftliches Ideal;
Negativ: = Mangel/unbeweglich/“Wie
minderwert“
Positiv: Problem = lösbar mit
Optimismus/= Aufbauend/Hoffnung/Morgen/Frühling/Jugend;
Negativ: Furcht, durch schlechte frühere
Erfahrungen, nicht mit von außen kommenden Stress umgehen zu können/empfindet
vieles als Stress. (Manisch-depressiv).
Ohne
Stress sind keine Beschwerden da. will Umgebung ändern (irgend was). Ringt mit
der Umgebung, gewinnt er = alles in Ordnung o. hat Vorahnungen, verliert er =
Beschwerden da, viele Beschwerden/Verlangen/Abneigungen. Körperliche Systemen
werden gestört (sensitiv) +
können nicht geordnet werden. (Tests sind negativ)
Mangel
an Selbstvertrauen/Stimmung wechselnd von Hoch nach Tief und umgekehrt/aktiv,
beschreibt seine Beschwerden lebendig und korrekt.
Emptiness/passing away of hunger after eating a little
Qual
ohne Bedrohung mit Hoffnung. (Jugend + Adolescenz)
Struggle against an
external problem with Baby/young child.
<
vormittags + abends;
Vergleich:
Hauteruptionen.
hartnäckig: Graph. + Petr. + Psor. Neue Variant von Psora = Cand.
Siehe: Allergie
[Sankaran]
Calc. Coll. Cupr-met. Graph. Kali-c. Lyc. Nicc-met. Sulph.
Zinc-met.
Animalia: Ambr. Apis, Bufo, Calc-ostr. Canth. Carb-an.
Coc-c. Crot-h. Elaps, Lac-c. Lac-d. Lach. Sep.
Aktive Phase: Acon.
Latente Phase:
Fago. Sax. Skook. BB.
Erschöpfungsphase:
Psor.
Skrofulös: Aeth-a. Aeth-m. Aq-mar.
Bac. Bad. Bar-c. Brom. Calc. Calc-p. Cist. Hep. Iod. Ol-j. Sil. Sil-mar. Spong.
Nosode: Psor.
Pflanzene: Puls. Nux-v. Op. Acon. Cham. Bry. Staph.
Coloc. Ign. Hyos. Dulc. Coff. Ip. Rhus-t. Caps.
Mineral: Calc.
Am-c. Ant-c.
Metals: Antimony,
Aur-met. Plat-met. Ferr-met. Zinc-met. Cupr-met. Arge-met. Stann-met.
Andere: Aloe.
Ant-c. Ars-i. Bar-c. Brom. Calc. Calc-p. Carb-an. Carb-v. Cupr-met. Graph. Hep.
Iod. Kali-i. Kreos. Lyc. Nat-c. Nat-m. Nit-ac. Petr. Psor. Sil. Sulph.
Tub.
Agar.
Alum. Am-c. Am-m. Anac. Ant-c. Ars. Aur-met. Aur-m. Bar-c. Borx. Calc. Carb-a. Carb-v. Caust. Clem. Coloc. Cob-met. Con. Cupr. Con. Cupr-met. Dig. Dulc. Euph.
Ferr-met. Graph. Guai. Hep. Iod. Kali-c. Lyc. Mag-c. Mag-m. Mang-met. Mez.
Mur-ac. Nat-c. Nat-m. Nicc-met. Nit-ac. Nitricum.
Petr. Phos. Ph-ac. Plat-met. Sars. Sep.
Sil. Stann-met. Sulph. Sul-ac. Zinc-met.
Allerlei:
"zum Krätze
kriegen" Ausdruck tiefer Verzweiflung
[David Little]
Most of the apsoric remedies come from the
plant world and most of the anti-psoric remedies come from the mineral world. This
tells something about the nature of the
plant and animal kingdoms.
Plants grow fast and go through rapid
transformations and many are very similar to traumas, crisis, acute disorders
and acute miasms.
Minerals are slow moving, stable and pass through
changes
The animal remedies are always on the move and
the most quick reacting species. The animals remedies are some of the quickest
acting most rapidly destructive medicines
in the materia medica.
[David Quinn]
Psora and Miasmic
Dispositions
In curing his
patients of specific ailments Dr Samuel Hahnemann began to investigate the
question arising in his mind as to fact that while he could be successful in
giving
homoeopathic
treatment for someone, they would again at some future point come down with
another form of illness. In wanting to find out more about the problem of
sickness and what
created the susceptibility to becoming ill.
He began to look at
what lay deeper, that being what he called their 'deep seated original disease'
(The Chronic Diseases). What Dr Hahnemann began to uncover was the
question of what
generated sickness. After much study and investigation he identified this
process which he named the chronic miasm of psora. Interestingly,
H.: psora being the
result of suppression. He described psora as an ‘internal itch’ almost like an
internal disharmony within the person’s being. He also identified and named
two other major
miasms, sycosis and syphilis. Psora is the oldest and most fundamental of the
miasms and all suffering, for him, emerges from the foundation of psora.
With an awareness
of suffering as being the process of non-integration of feelings of self, I
think we can begin to realize what psora actually is. By studying the mental/
emotional symptoms
of the remedies in the materia medica we can perceive what is common to suffering.
H. considered Sulphur to be the deepest of psoric remedies,
I will list some
rubrics of Sulphur trying not to emphasize that which is specific to the
expression of the Sulphur state and more what is general to all suffering.
[Sangeeta Chawla]
“The Indepth
Materia Medica of Human Mind”
Spoken to, called
< mental symptoms, being.
Starting; called by
name, when.
Touch; does not
know if objects are real, until she has touched them.
Absent minded;
unobserving, starts when spoken to.
Amusement; averse
to.
Anger; himself
with.
Anxiety conscience,
as if guilty of a crime.
Busy.
Confidence; want of
self.
Confusion of mind.
Despair.
Discontented,
displeased, dissatisfied.
Doubtful; recovery
of soul’s welfare, of.
Dullness,
sluggishness, difficulty of thinking and comprehending, torpor.
Embittered,
exasperated.
Emptiness;
sensation of.
Fear, apprehension,
dread.
Hurry, haste.
Idleness.
Impatience.
Inconsolable.
Indifference,
apathy.
Irresolution,
indecision.
Irritability.
Jesting; aversion
to.
Looked at; cannot
bear to be.
Mood; alternating.
Morose cross,
fretful, ill-humor, peevish.
Prostration of
mind, mental exhaustion, brain fag.
Restlessness.
Sadness
despondency, dejection, mental depression, gloom, melancholy.
Sighing.
Starting, startled;
spoken to, when.
Timidity.
Unfortunate; feels.
Will; loss of.
These symptoms
illustrate the state of a person where a fundamental break has occurred in
relationship to them being themselves. How someone feels, when to some extent
they have ceased
being who they are. It appears to me this is what psora is, a state of
separation from self. It is a non-acceptance of self. Put into words, it is
like; ‘
‘I do not accept
myself for who I am because I think myself to be unworthy’. In the context of
psora the ‘crime’ the person feels they have committed is that of not accepting
themselves. Psora
becomes like a constant state of needing to prove to yourself and everyone
around you that you are a worthy human being.
We can see that
suffering becomes at least two very related processes. 1st the
non-acceptance of ourselves and the 2nd the non-integration of the
feelings that are part of our self.
[Catherine Coulter]
In her essay on
Psorinum (Portraits of Homoeopathic Medicines, vol 2, 1988, ISBN 1-55643-036-1,
North Atlantic books) describes the raw state of non-acceptance of self.
Once we have, to an
extent, entered this state of non-acceptance of self there is an awareness of
this and naturally a wanting to return to the place of integrity of self.
When we enter into
suffering we want more than anything else, more than wanting to become the
person we want to be, more than wanting to do what we most want to do,
and more than
wanting to recover our health (although people want to do these), more than all
these things we most desire to return to who we are. This is unmistakably what
a certain study of
the different miasms reveals.
Each miasm
represents a different stage of psora. The most important characteristic of
each miasm is the attitude the person has about their ability to return to
being themselves. This ability is also characterized by perceived obstacles
they have in doing this. Each different disposition perhaps creates a definite
form of stress and constitutional susceptibility to the major disease of the miasm.
In the descriptions of each miasm identified I will follow closely the work of
Dr. Sankaran.
THOUGHTS ABOUT THE
NATURE OF THE PSORIC MIASM
[Dr. George Loukas]
The word “psora”
can be found in Latin and Greek. One view suggests that it derives from the
Hebrew “Tsorat” which means stretch mark, mistake, ditch, contamination,
stigma; it was often attributed to outbreaks of leprosy and severe plagues.
H.’s use of the
word “psora” had a special connotation. By this term he meant an original
unhealthy condition, whereby after the internal infection of the whole organism
is
completed, there
appears a peculiar skin exanthema. He argued that, “Psora is the oldest, the
most universal, the most devastating and most little known miasmatic disease,
which has disfigured
and tormented nations for thousands of years”. Haehl states that, “For
Hahnemann, psora is a disease or the susceptibility to a disease which has been
passed from
generation to generation for thousands of years. It is the breeding ground for
every sickly condition and it is at the same time the most contagious and
infectious
disease of all”.
It is difficult to
understand how psora is transmitted. We read in classical writings that a
simple touch is enough for one to catch psora. A baby is infected as it passes
through
the mother’s
genital tube. Alternatively the baby gets infected from the hands of the
midwife who has in turn been infected by another woman giving birth, or perhaps
even
before that. After
the psoric miasma comes into contact with the skin, it is transmitted through
the nerves to the rest of the body. A few days later, after it has fully
developed
internally, the
disease will manifest itself externally.
We are, therefore,
faced with the following question: Does psora derive from without? If it does
not begin in our brain, which is the seat of our psyche, then how did it first
appear, when it
did, thousands of years ago? It is of course very difficult to answer this
question. We are faced with the dilemma of either accepting that the disease
first
appeared in mankind
as a result of external factors or as a result of an internal process. However,
before we attempt to give an answer, we ought to describe the characteristics
of psora in the
human organism, that is its symptomatology.
Amongst the
symptoms of psora there are two common characteristics: hypersensitivity and
lack. Lack is stressed in some books and hypersensitivity in others.
We can understand
the concept of hypersensitivity with a simple example: If we stimulate
externally two different individuals they will react differently. The psoric
individual reacts more strongly than the supposedly “normal individual”. That
is to say there is an excessive reaction. This hypersensitivity is present in
all aspects of the psoric’s life.
He is very
observant and aware of his immediate environment. He is sensitive. He also gets
angry easily. After he has expressed his anger and has had a good sleep he is
not bitter or hateful. He also cries easily. After crying he feels better. He
is temperamental due to the hypersensitivity. He is very rich in the
expressions of his feelings.
The psoric can be a
scientist or an artist. He is hypersensitive to light, sound and smell. The most
typical expression of the hypersensitivity in the body is itching.
An external or
internal itching, like tickling for example, is a sign of psora. The
suppression of the external bodily manifestations of psora, because of the
wrong medical treatment, results in the appearance of an internal or psychic
itching, which is even more troublesome to the individual. Such suppressions
led Hahnemann to the discovery
of the psoric
miasma and its description.
The other main
characteristic of psoric miasma is lack. This lack is expressed as a feeling of
inadequacy. There is a deep feeling of inferiority. It can be seen in the
successful businessman who is intelligent and hard-working but who always wants
to rely on somebody else. He is always looking for a partner. His partner, if
he is a crook, can easily take advantage of him. He always needs support; he
always seeks protection. This feeling of inferiority can also be seen in the
scientist, who continuously asks for the support of his teacher or his
colleagues despite the fact that he knows his subject well.
He is anxious and
fearful and gets scared easily.
This sense of
inadequacy forces him to live in a world of fantasy. However, this world is not
the autistic world of a schizophrenic. It is simply the feeling of inadequacy
that stops him from fulfilling his dreams and so his rich inner world has to be
expressed through fantasy. This can be seen in the individual who goes to a
lecture and instead of paying attention, he spends most of his time
day-dreaming. There are two reasons as to why he loses contact.
1. Because of his
deep emotions due to his hypersensitivity. Secondly, because he does not
express these emotions due to his feeling of inadequacy.
Thus, psorics are
people with a rich inner world, which is not expressed, because they lack
boldness. Because of their feeling of inferiority they become stagnant,
immobile
and reserved. If
this feeling of inferiority was absent they would be much happier people and
would offer more to society. The awareness of their “helplessness” causes them
sadness. When they feel sad they look far into the future and see happier days
ahead.
The words of a
popular Greek song express very well the psoric sadness: “Be patient and the
sky will become bluer ...”. There is hope in them; it has not been lost.
The psoric is
particularly concerned with what others think of him. He respects society’s
customs and traditions and he feels guilty if he does not abide by the rules.
He is scared of
rejection because of this feeling of inadequacy. It is this feeling of
inadequacy that makes him always seek support from someone else. He creates
relationships of support, bonds of support and he does not want them to break
because he will be left alone without them.
A lot of people are
sociable because they need this support from the group. These needs of his,
coupled with his sense of duty, continuously inhibit his desires. “I must” is
stronger than “I want”. Before the psoric acts he asks himself if it is
socially acceptable. If it is not, he usually does not act.
He is very generous
with his relatives. He is easily hurt by the remarks of others. It takes him
time to express his anger but once he has expressed it the incident is
forgotten.
The psoric
individual has a tendency towards platonic love. Let’s say that a psoric man
likes a woman. He thinks: “What a beautiful woman ... What an amiable person
...
I wonder if she
likes me. Well, so many men are after her, I doubt that she wants me ... What
if she rejects me?” Here also there is an inhibition. An inhibition caused by
his sense of inadequacy on one hand and on the other his fear that his
behaviour could be rejected by society.
This makes him
experience love through fantasy. He is a person who has fallen in love many
times but who has very rarely fulfilled his fantasies. He is also emotional, he
gets worried easily and he gets hurt easily.
His love fantasies
are heterosexual. He is pure in his feelings. He falls in love with the whole
person not with a breast or a thigh. He sees the personality, he does not see
his partner as a sex object.
The psoric is also
religiously inclined. He is religious in a broad sense. His faith is of a
philosophising nature, born from a need to search, to comprehend the agony of
existence, to cope with the feeling of being alone and inadequate in a vast
universe.
Lack is manifested
in the body in a variety of ways. Insufficient feeding is an example of that.
He eats continuously but the body cannot digest the food. So there is lack.
It is possible to
make a connection between lack of vitamins and trace elements in the body with
psoric miasma. For example the lack of vitamin A causes dryness. Dryness is one
of the basic symptoms of psoric miasma. When Hahnemann wrote about psoric
miasma he did not know of the existance of vitamin A. This lack of elements can
be seen
in delayed
osteoporosis or late teething. The lack of trace elements causes weakness,
fatigue and sluggishness.
Therefore, we can
see that there is hypersensitivity on one hand and lack on the other. Lack and
hypersensitivity coexist in the psoric miasma. It is difficult to say which one
precedes the other.
Let us ask
ourselves once more: “What is psoric miasma? What is the foundation on which
human disease has been built?” I could not find a satisfactory explanation in
all the homeopathic
literature known to me. So I tried to find a solution within ancient Greek
philosophy and literature, psychoanalysis and religious systems. Perhaps these areas
would provide a clue to the genesis of disease. A comparative study would help
me understand psoric miasma.
Let us first study
the psychoanalytic views on the development of symptoms. It is not of course
possible to give a detailed account of the psychoanalytic views. Whoever is
interested can have a better look in the writings mentioned in the
bibliography.
It is necessary to
refer to the “structural” model of the personality developed by Freud. The
personality of an individual, that is the sum total of his particular and fixed
character traits (his views, his ideas, his values, his emotional reactions,
his actions and his adaptive behaviour) is divided into three parts. The
Pre-ego, or “That”, or “It”
or Id is the part
of the personality that includes all the instinctive impulses. It follows the
pleasure principle.
The Ego is the most
“systematized area” of the personality. It is the part that primarily serves
the psychosocial adaptation. It is a mediator between the inner impulses and
the restrictions.
It also preserves the contact and the control of the external reality. The Ego
is governed by the reality principle.
The Superego
includes the moral values imposed upon the individual by his family upbringing
during the first years of the development of his personality. It includes the
prohibitions and the ideals of the individual.
Health according to
the psychoanalytic theory is achieved when there is a balance amongst these
three parts of the personality. Apart from the structural model,
Freud has also
described the topographical model, which includes the following: the Conscious,
the Subconscious and the Unconscious.
In the unconscious
there are experiences that one is not aware of. In the subconscious there are
experiences and processes that one can become conscious of more easily.
Any instinctive
desire goes through the “sensorship” of the Superego, where it can be examined
as to whether it is possible for it to be satisfied without ridiculing the
individual. If it is considered prohibited, a conflict between the Id and the
Superego is created which leads to a dead-end. The Ego tries to reach a
compromise by delaying
the gratification
of the desire by using the repression mechanism. Repression is the primary
defence mechanism. It does not allow unacceptable desires, tendencies, thoughts
etc. to come to the conscious and “pushes” the conflict into the unconscious.
Although all this takes place on an unconscious level, the Ego has a sense of
danger in that if
the unconscious and
“prohibited” desires are expressed, it will be carried away into unacceptable
conduct.
The feeling of this
threat is the unconscious or primary anxiety, which acts as an “alarm signal”
and urges the Ego to confine the instinctive desires and the whole conflict
to the unconscious,
so that the threat is not realised by the conscious mind.
This means that
there is a constant dynamic process. The instinctive desires on the one hand
and their repression caused by the Ego on the other. When the instinctive
impulses intensify, the conflict rises to the subconscious and now there is a
real danger that it will reach the conscious. At this point the symptom of
anxiety is clearly felt by the individual. As this is uncomfortable, various
defence mechanisms are mobilized and act subconsciously.
These defence
mechanisms, apart from the repression that has already been mentioned, are the
following: Identification, compensation, substitution, sublimation,
rationalization, regression, displacement, intellectualization, undoing,
reaction formation, dissociation, conversion, symbolism, projection,
introjection, incorporation, denial, postponement, expectation (for more
details please, read the “Psychoanalytic Psychopathology” by H. Hierodiaconou).
A part of the
psychic conflict is discharged in the body and in this way physical symptoms
develop.
The similarity
between homeopathy and the psychoanalytic school on what is disease is evident.
From the psychoanalytic school of thought we can use the following points
in order to clarify
the riddle of psoric miasma:
a) The concept of
the psychic conflict
b) the concept of
repression. In theory, if we did not repress, there would be no primary anxiety
and symptoms. The necessary condition not to repress is constant awareness.
Reference to the
creation of disease can be found in the Old Testament, in the myth of Adam and
Eve. Adam and Eve lived happily in Paradise. They had everything. There was
only one thing they were not allowed to do.
They were not to
eat from the tree of “Knowledge of good and evil”. One day Eve was tempted by
the evil spirit, the devil, who appeared before her in the form of a snake. He
told her that if they ate the fruit they too would become Gods. She ate from
the forbidden fruit, persuading Adam to do the same. After the deed they began
to feel ashamed and they covered themselves so they would not see their
nakedness. God was very angry with them and sent them away from Paradise with
the following curse: “Eve, with pain you will give birth to children. Adam, by
the sweat of your brow you will eat your food”. After the fall from Paradise
people started getting ill and dying.
In this myth we can
see the following:
a) There is desire
and there is the law,
b) Adam and Eve have
a feeling of inferiority in the face of God. The eating of the fruit symbolizes
the violation of the laws of nature,
c) after their
disobedience they feel remorse,
d) after the
violation of the law people start getting ill and dying.
Two questions are
raised at this point: If this had not happened would man never have experienced
death? Did man perhaps then start being afraid of death?
The myth of Prometheus
Bound is also of interest to us.
Conclusions.
1. Psoric miasma is not an external but rather
an internal disease.
2. It is related to desire and to the primary
anxiety of death. The primary anxiety of death exists in every being form the
moment of birth.
3. Desire and the primary anxiety of death are
triggered by any external stimulus. So, for example, when we see somebody being
ill or when somebody we like touches us, psora is triggered within us.
4. The primary anxiety of death is due to a
limited awareness of the function of the universe.
5. Repression is the defence mechanism that is
directly related to psora. Psoric miasma was born from the moment man started
to use repression as a defence mechanism.
6. Lack and hypersensitivity express the
nature of psoric miasma.
Vorwort/Suchen Zeichen/Abkürzungen Impressum