Thymus vulgaris (Thymu-vg) = Garten Thymian
THE EFFICACY OF THYMUS VULGARIS TINCTURE AS
AN ANTIBACTERIAL AGENT
CHIQUITA VOSLOO
A
Vergiftung: While most Thymus vulgaris
preparations are harmless when used in a low dose, and no cases of poisoning
have been reported, the essential oil is highly toxic when ingested (Talalaj and Czechowicz, 1989:301);
Positiv: Stärkt Wille/Selbstvertrauen/Mut/;
Negativ: Labil/depressiv/Alpträume, Gedächtnis-/Leistungsschwäche/Geheime
Bruderschaft/Republikaner;
‡ warmth organization and the ego don’t fully permeate
the stomach and lungs/tendency to develop colds/any organic region holds
"too much water and too little warmth“, Children with rickets. Exudative diathesis
will benefit from thyme baths/persistent
bronchial catarrh (whooping cough). Gastritis/gastric spasms/colics - if the organic region lacks warmth. ‡
http://ir.dut.ac.za/handle/10321/1993
[Chiquita Vosloo]
The aim of this study was to establish the effect of Thymus vulgaris tincture prepared in 43% ethanol and 70% ethanol
in comparison to 43% ethanol and 70% ethanol only upon Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus
faecalis, using
a disc diffusion method, and to determine the Minimum Inhibitory
Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MEC) of Thymus vulgaris tincture
in respect of these bacteria. Mueller-Hinton agar plates were streaked
with saline test cultures adjusted to the 0.5 McFarland Equivalence Turbidity
Standard. Five sterile filter paper discs 5mm in diameter were placed on each
plate. These filter paper discs were impregnated with 10111 of the test or
control substances using a micropipette. The plates were incubated at 3TC for
18 hours. The diameters of the zones of inhibition of the bacterial growth
around the discs were measured. This data was used to look for inter-group
change by means of the Mann- Whitney Test between the test and control
subgroups in both group A and group B. The means and standard deviations of
each of the groups were compared in order to look for possible trends if the
p-value of each group was insignificant. Il Thymus vulgaris
tincture in 43% ethanol produced significant inhibitory effects in comparison
to the 43% ethanol control upon all the bacteria tested. Thymus vulgaris tincture in 70% ethanol produced significant
inhibitory effects in comparison to the
Thymus vulgaris has been used for its
antiseptic properties for centuries and while much is known of the
antibacterial effects of the essential oil of thyme, and thymol,
little research has been conducted on the antimicrobial effects of the tincture
of this common garden herb.
The concept of "Health for All by 2000" in which the Director
General of WHO endorsed a plan to utilise traditional medical systems in each
country. (Griggs, 1991: Il.) In developing countries the use of medicinal
plants helps to reduce imports of drugs, thus boosting economic self-reliance.
Furthermore, local products tend to be more readily accepted than those
obtained abroad. (Akerele, 1993: 390.) Due to the
increase in immunodeficiency states in the poorer section of the population it
has become necessary to investigate a non-toxic alternative antimicrobial
substance that can be used in cases of immunodeficiency with specific reference
to long-term usage.
Antibacterial properties of the tincture upon Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterococcusfaecalis in order to determine its value in
antimicrobial applications (Monera Kingdom
Bacteria)
The active constituent is volatile oil (2-3%), containing mainly thymol and carvacrol (up to 70%),
borneol (15%), cineole, tannins (10%), saponins, and flavonoids (Talalaj and Czechowicz, 1989: 300).
[Little, 1994:50]
The Romans used thyme medicinally as a cough remedy, digestive aid and treatment
for intestinal worms.
Vergleich: Enthält:
Cl + Mn + Cu + ±2% of volatile oil. [containing phenols (carvacrol, thymol, and p-cymol), monoterpene hydrocarbons
and sesquiterpenes].
A number
of chemical races, e.g. 'thymol' [antiseptic, spasmolytic, expectorant, anthelmintic,
calmative. Carvacrol
is a marked spasmolytic. (Wren, 1994: 266.)]
and 'carvacrol' types are known and the phenolic
content is held largely responsible for the antiseptic, antitussive
and expectorant properties of the drug.
The flavonoids of the leaves may be responsible for the spasmolytic activity of the herb. (Evans, 1996: 263.)
The
action of phenolic compounds generally thought to
involve interference with functions of the cytoplasmic
membrane (proton motive forces and active transport) (Marino, Bersani & Comi, 1999:
1021-1022)];
Teucr.: (‡ = Thym-ähnlich + Verdauung ‡);
Thymol. (enthalten in: Dam.). Mel-thym.
Siehe: Lamiales
Unverträglich: Einnahme länger als 3 Wochen/Thyroid
overaktiv
Wirkung: (Schleim)hautreizend/
Allerlei: ätherisches Öl rotes Öl = 1e Distillierung. braucht wenig Wasser/LICHT/WÄRME
History, Folklore and Traditional Uses:
The name thyme is believed to derive from the Greek term meaning 'to fumigate',
the Greeks using it for incense as well as medicinally (Evans, 1991: 118).
Others derive the name from the Greek word thumus,
signifying courage, the plant being held in ancient and medieval days to be a
great source of invigoration,
its cordial qualities inspiring courage (Grieve, 1978: 809). It was an
emblem of activity, bravery and energy, in the days of chivalry it was custom
for ladies to
embroider a bee hovering over a sprig of thyme on the scarves they
presented to their knights (Grieve, 1978:809).
Dioscorides and Theophrastus both describe the
virtues of thyme in reducing intestinal spasms, fighting infections and
improving digestion. Pliny said that burning
thyme put to flight all venomous creatures. (Evans, 1991: 118.)
Lady Northcote (in The Herb Garden) says that
among the Greeks, thyme denoted graceful elegance; 'to smell of thyme' was an
expression of praise, applied to those
whose style was admirable (Grieve, 1978: 809).
The Romans also used thyme medicinally as a cough remedy, digestive aid, and treatment
for intestinal worms (Little, 1994:50). The antiseptic and preservative
properties of thyme were known to the ancient Egyptians who used the oil
for embalming (Bunney, 1992: 281).
In the South of France, wild thyme was a symbol of extreme
Republicanism, tufts of it being sent with the summons to a Republican meeting
(Grieve, 1978:809).
Thyme has inspired many poets over the years; Shakespeare's “A Midsummer
Night's Dream”, the play which is richest in herbal lore, carries the famous
lines beginning,
"I know a bank whereon the wild thyme blows", and many others
have alluded to it. Since the days of Charlemagne, it was obligatory to grow
thyme in the garden.
(Evans, 1991: 118.)
As the centuries passed, it was used as an antiseptic during plagues
(Little, 1994: 50).
Thyme walks were often found in old herb gardens. It was believed that
when walked upon the spreading plants released their antiseptic properties into
the air and these
were said to combat plague and other infections. (Roberts, 1983: 22.)
By the late 17th century, apothecary shops were selling thyme
oil as a topical antiseptic under the name of oil of origanum.
From the mid 19th century through
World War I, thyme enjoyed great popularity as an antiseptic. (Little, 1994: 50.)
In antiken Griechenland wurden Soldaten Thymian in Form eines Kranzes auf das Haupt gelegt, wenn sie in den Krieg zogen.
Trauerkranz
VE/MA.
Phytologie:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5486105/
[Qing Liu/Xiao Meng/Ya Li/Cai-Ning Zhao/Guo-Yi Tang/Hua-Bin Li]
Recent
study into the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris found that all the thyme essential oils examined,
demonstrated a good degree of bacteriostatic activity
against the microorganisms tested (Marino, Bersani
and Comi, 1999:1022).
In
another study conducted by Dorman and Deans (2000) Thymus vulgaris
essential oil was found to have the greatest spectrum of antibacterial action
of all the volatile oils tested.
Sammeln: blühendes Kraut
Atemwegen/nervöse Beschwerden/Verdauung/Gelenkrheuma
Keuchhusten/Asthma/Krämpfe
Infektion
(Nieren/Lungen)
antiseptisch/-mykotisch/Würmer
Externally for wound disinfection and internally
for indigestion, sore throat, laryngitis, cough, whooping cough, and
nervousness (Little, 1994:50).
Markedly antiseptic, it modifies the intestinal
flora, it improves appetite and is resolutive and
suppressant for spasmodic coughs.
Externally thyme is an excellent application for
wound healing. (Rowson, 1976: 134.)
Dried leaves of thyme are powdered and used as a
snuff to clear a blocked nose or to stem the flow in a bleeding nose (Roberts,
1983: 23).
Infusions are also a popular way of prescribing
thyme; a cup of boiling water is poured over 10 ml dried thyme and allowed to
steep for 10 minutes (Hoffman, 1992:237).
This should be drunk 3x daily (Hoffman, 1992:
237) or throughout the day in small frequent doses (Cruden,
1997: 161) or used as a gargle for sore throats and mouth infections (Little,
1994: 50).
Dried thyme in capsule form is also available
and a maximum of 2g per day is recommended by Chevalier (1998: 99).
2.2.4.3 Tinctures of Thymus vulgaris
Fresh plant material is preferred for the
preparation of tinctures although dried thyme is also used (Lilje,
2001). Tincture doses vary; Cruden (1997:161)
recommends 10-20 drops 3x daily and Hoffman (1992: 237) suggests a maximum of
8ml daily in 2-4ml doses.
Both tinctures and infusions are recommended by
contemporary herbalists for disinfecting wounds, eliminating skin parasites,
reducing aches and pains, and treating fungal infections such as athlete's foot
(Pierce, 1999: 631). Tinctures are also used in the production of cough syrups,
gargles, antiseptic mouthwashes and compresses (Evans, 1991: 118, Weiss, 1991:
209).
The fresh herb boiled in a litre of water and
cooled, strained and rubbed into the scalp every day is recommended to prevent
and arrest hair loss (Roberts, 1983: 23). Two drops of the essential oil in
half a cup of carrier oil massaged into the scalp is recommended by Viagas (1995: 38) in the treatment of alopecia.
Thymus vulgaris
preparations are widely recommended in the treatment of respiratory infections,
especially whooping cough (Weiss, 1991: 209),
non-specific urethritis,
gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea, and trichomonas, urinary
tract infections, dysentery, gastroenteritis,
low blood pressure, anaemia (Curtis, 1996: 120),
boils, abscesses, excessive menses, headaches and hysteria (Roberts, 1983: 23).
Other studies examining the antimicrobial
properties of herbal tinctures using microbiological methods include Ramlachan (2001)/Langford (2001).
Öl:
Husten
Antimikrobiell, reinigend, antiparasitär, antifungal,
desinfizierend, antiviral. Bronchitis,
Gefäßerkrankungen, bei Alzheimer, bei Husten, bei Hepatitis, bei
Herz-Infektionserkrankungen, bei Reizhusten.
Thymianöl
belebt, hilft so bei Erschöpfung oder auch nach langen Krankheiten.
Antiseptisch,
Krämpfe und Verschleimungen, es steigert die körpereigene Abwehrkraft, es
fördert die Durchblutung, es steigert den Appetit und ist
gut
für die Verdauung. Zudem hat es eine den Blutdruck steigernde Wirkung.
Akne,
Asthma, ausbleibende Menstruation, Blasenentzündungen, Bronchitis, Erkrankungen
der Ausscheidungsorgane, Erkrankungen der Verdauungsorgane, Erschöpfung,
Fußpilz, Husten, Keuchhusten, Kreislaufbeschwerden, Lustlosigkeit, Schnupfen,
Sportverletzungen, zur Vorbeugung gegen Erkältungen und bei Wunden.
Wasserdampfdestillation
des frisch blühenden Krautes
Angst
Arthritis
Blutarmut
Blutdrucksteigernd
Erkältung
Erschöpfung
Immun-
und Nervenschwäche
Intelligenz
anregend
Kapillarzirkulation
Krampf
lösend
Magen-
und Darminfekt
Magenstärkend
Menofördernd
Nervenschmerz
Rheuma
Schlaflos
Schleimlösend
Schwäche
Tuberkulose
Verdauung
Wurmtreibend
Herpesbläschen,
Pickel und Insektenstiche
Ungeziefer
Als
Waschungen bei Akne
Stärkend
Appetitanregend
Durchblutung
fördernd
Schleim
lösend
Krampf
lösend
Husten
Bronchitis
Keuchhusten
Antiseptisch
Steigert
die Abwehrkräfte bei Infektionskrankheiten.
Wirkt
antirheumatisch.
Vorwort/Suchen Zeichen/Abkürzungen Impressum