????
The main theme is loss of connection. When the
connection is lost the mind easily delves into abstraction. This may explain
the frightening dreams and why some members
of the Lamiales are associated with Shamanism.
The polarity is trying to hold on to the
outside world - both to work and to relationships. This results in anxiety and
suspicion. The compensatory behaviour is to become as attractive as possible.
Loss of connection in the Lamiaceace and in the Boraginaceae is seen in a
tendency to withdraw into a trance-like state. Lamiaceae normally quite
sexual and affectionate, but also
impressionable and easily overexcited. Upset they become morose, private and
incommunicative, and their thoughts become disconnected
and confused.
Miasm: Cancer.
TCM. - Elements: Cold and sweet with an affinity for the liver.
Calceolaria
integrifolia = Pantoffelblume
Ravansara
* Labiatae = Lamiaceae Anhängsel (Jan Scholten/JJ
Kleber/Wilhelm Pelikan/N.C. Das)
Acknowledgement 1. not being acknowledged (at
work/at home/in the family/with friends/with parents/orphan), 2. full of emotions
+ can’t express them/holding-on to
and penting up of feelings/puts feelings into
words. Ambitious + NEED of acknowledgement. Element: Feuer
Flowers resembling the lips of a mouth. and
four-lobed ovaries.
excitability #/+ being numb for the world/(self)control
(others)/Pathology: Labia and vagina.
Tuberkulin
SENsitivity to touch
Coll.: Anerkennung durch Schwangerschaft,
Orig-v. Anerkennung/Genuss im Sexuellem finden
Oci-b.: Anerkennung in Religiösem,
Oci-s: Angst vor Unfälle (Träume)/will Anerkennung in Erste
Hilfeleistung,
Melissa. officinalis: = machtlos wenn nicht
anerkannt/wird ärgerlich
Excitement
(evening) Vivid Trembling Shocked Asthma.
Exhilaration
Thoughts rushing AND wandering.
Furcht vor Langeweile (ADHS)
This family of plants has been found to have
great medicinal potential (Githinji and Kokwaro, 1993:197-203). This plant
family has a worldwide distribution, but is native
to the Mediterranean region. They are used for
their volatile oils, which are obtained by distillation. These plants also have culinary uses
for flavouring as well as
ornamental uses. (Hickey and King, 1997:119.)
Plants are mainly herbs or shrubs, often with square stems. The leaves are
usually opposite, simple, without stipules, often
hairy, and with epidermal glands secreting volatile
oils. The flowers are usually bisexual and irregular. The fruit is usually a
group of four nutlets; each containing one
seed, and the seed usually has little or no endoderm.
(Hickey and King, 1997:119.) Many plants in this family have antioxidant
properties (Nakatani, 2000:141).
Herbs in the Labiatiae family have been
demonstrated, in vitro, to have an anti-HIV-1 activity (Yamasaki et a/., 1998:829-833).
[Rob Peters]
Act upon the mucous membranes situated between
the exterior and interior: nose, bladder, uterus, anus and lips.
[Masi-group and Jan Scholten]
Applications of the Labiates.
The Labiates belong to a large family that are
found growing over the entire planet. For their habitat they prefer the open
fields. Because of their lovely smell and delicious taste many species of this
family are used in the kitchen. We are all acquainted with the merits of basil,
oregano, thyme and rosemary as smell- and taste-enhancers in the various
Mediterranean dishes.
The relief-bringing quality of thyme to break
up mucus in the common cold is well known to most of us. In anthroposophical
medicine the warmth qualities of the Labiates are praised. And because of these
qualities the oils are used internally as well as externally, e.g. the oil of
Rosemary is used as additional therapy in diabetes.
‡ Labiates have an incarnating effect on the psyche because of their
warmth quality. ‡
Chemistry of the Labiates
Contain aromatic carbohydrates in the form of
phenols, which have an antiseptic- as well as an aromatic action. With the aid
of the Terpenes in the plants contain, they protect themselves against insects,
fungi and bacteria. Other constituents are: Phosphorus, Vanadium, Magnesium,
Calcium, Potassium, Lithium and Molybdenum.
Themes of the Labiates
The patients are full of emotions but can’t
express them; they find it hard to put their feelings into words. They are
ambitious and have a great need of acknowledgement.
Lots of people need recognition. When this need
is distorted and is a main issue in the case history it becomes a theme. This
theme together with the holding-on to and pent-up of feelings brings the
Labiates into the picture. The lack of acknowledgement is felt in a variety of
settings: at work, at home in the family, with friends and with parents, but
most of all in the lack that is felt in the relation to the father who is very
often dominating. Patients who need a Labiate suffer from the fact that they
aren’t recognized for their own qualities by their parents or partner. The lack
of acknowledgement is very strong in the prototype of the orphan (proving
Wad-stories 2): No parents and thus no recognition of his biological descent.
All members of this family probably need
acknowledgement, but all in their own specific way.
The following presumptions need to be verified
(confirmed) in daily practice:
Teucrium wants to be acknowledged at (in) his
work.
Oregano tries to find acknowledgment/
gratification in the sexual field.
For Ocimum basilicum the field of
acknowledgment lies in the religious sector.
The tender point of Collinsonia is pregnancy.
She doesn’t recognize her own pregnancy!!
Patients who need Melissa officinalis feel
powerless when not acknowledged and become angry.
Ocimum sanctum patients are afraid of accidents
(dream of accidents) and try and find acknowledgement in managing or joining a
first-aid-group.
So we see that these Labiate patients look for
gratification of their deep need for acknowledgement in those around.
It is wonderful to see that in my patient the
reaction to Thymolum results in a greater self-assertion and self-recognition:
“I buy myself a bunch of flowers”.
The projection of the fulfillment of her need
on to those around her dissolves and her delusion evaporates.
Ambition: To get recognition the Labiates throw
themselves ambitiously into their work (Potassium) and try to make a good
impression (Calcium).
They do their best, but that is never good
enough.
Massimo Mangialavori has added to the rubric
"Ambition" the following Labiates: Mentha-p, Oregano, Thyme, and
Scutellaria.
In the context of the theme of the Labiates,
ambition has the connotation of: “It is my duty to do my best”. We also find this
theme in the iron
group: Vanadium,
Ferrum, Manganum, Cuprum and Chromium: As we
have seen these above minerals are, like Phosphorus, important constituents of
the Labiates.
Bottling-up: Labiates express themselves
insufficiently and don’t show their vulnerability.
The cause of this situation can be found in
their youth: parents who don’t show their own feelings, who don’t tell the
truth etc. The patients are talkative but don’t
convey their feelings.
Repertory
Rubrics:
Loquacity: oci-c. teucr. thymol.
Indisposed to talk: lycps. orig.
Quiet disposition: scut.
Aphasia: oci-c.
Desires salt: lycps. teucr. (nat-m)
Thyroid problems (for bottling-up the Dutch say
“op-kroppen and krop = crop = goitre).
Goitre: lam. Lycps. scut.
Pain throat: menth. oci-s.
Spasms Restrain, retain (Cupr-met.): Head,
pain, cramping: teucr.
Temples, cramping: rosm.
Stomach, pain, cramping: coll. teucr.
Abdomen, pain, cramping: coll. lycps. teucr.
Congestion Nose obstruction: menthol. teucr.
Haemorrhoids: coll. lam. lycps.
Abdomen, distension: coll. lam.
Constipation: coll. hedeo. lam. lycps.
Hemorrhage: coll. lycps. hedeo.
Metrorrhagia: coll. lycps. oci-s. rosm.
Chest, hemorrhage: coll. lam. lycps.
Anus, hemorrhage: coll. glech. lycps.
Sedative, tranquillizing and sleep-inducer Restlessness:
coll. lam. menth-pu. menthol. Oci-c. orig. scut. thymol.
Irritability: lycps. oci-c. orig. teucr.
thymol.
Sleeplessness: lam. lycps. teucr.
Antiseptic, inflammation: lycps. teucr.
Sinusitis: menth. teucr.
Inflammation kidney: coll. lycps. oci-c.
Bladder, morbid urging: hedeo. lycps. oci-c.
scut.
The Labiates act upon the mucous membranes
which are situated between the exterior and interior: nose, bladder, uterus,
anus and lips.
Agastache. =
Huo-xiang/Sprossteile/= Pogestemon (= Patchouli)-ähnlich
Campher. in den ätherischen Ölen
Capraria biflora = goatweed/= aphrodisisch./= Yin-Yang-Huo
Catar. = Cham-ähnlich/= Valer-ähnlich
Coleus.
aromatica
Coll. = Sep + akut/= für Arn-ähnliche Beschwerden gebraucht/Anerkennung durch
Schwangerschaft,
Galeopsis = gelber. Hohlzahn. Phytologie: Lungen
Hedeo. = Penny royal/= Frauenminze/N. Amerika/abortiv
Hyss-o. =
Salv-ähnlich
Lamiaceae
Balota nigra = Schwarznessel/= Stink.-Andorn/= Gott.-vergess.
Beto. = Feuerkraut/= Heil-Ziest/= Flohblume/=
Pfaffenblume/= Zahn-/= Zehrkraut
Dracocephalum = Drakenkop
Lallemanthia iberica = Iberischer
Drachenkopf
Omega-3-Fettsäuren.
Lam-officinalis = Taubnessel von
Ameisen als Brutstätte gebraucht
Lam.
Lam-m.
Lam-p.
Lavand-o.
Leon.
Lycps-eu.
Lycps-v.
Marr.
Marrubium peregrinum = Wander-Andorn
Marr-vg.
Melissa officinalis: empfindet sich
machtlos wenn nicht anerkannt und wird ärgerlich
Menth.
Menth-pu.
Menth-viridis.
Mentho. = All-c-ähnlich + weniger Niesen/Absonderung
Nepeta cataria. = Kattekruid/=
Katzenminze
Ocimum spp
[Veshara
Malapermal]
Safety, therapeutic
effectiveness, economic benefits and availability are advantages claimed for
medicinal plants in the treatment of various ailments therefore need to be
subject
to scientific
study.
The genus Ocimum is
among those plants recognised for their medicinal attributes being rich in
phenolic compounds.
The genus Ocimum
belongs to the family Lamiaceae/Labiatae and is presently one of the most
studied genera worldwide (Kaya et al. 2008) with more than 150 sp. distributed
in both subtropical and tropical regions worldwide, and are used to treat and
manage a variety of human ailments (Tchoumbougnang et al. 2006).
The plants here
mentioned are selected for this study are Ocimum sanctum (= O. tenuiflorum) =
commonly referred to as Holy basil/Tulsi
and Ocimum
basilicum, commonly referred to as Sweet basil
Indian and African
communities are identified as leading users of traditional plants (Afolayan and
Sunmonu 2010; Grover et al. 2002).
India is the
leading manufacturer of Ayurvedic medicine, using genera such as Ocimum sp. for
effective treatment and management of various diseases (Kuldeep et al. 2013).
Ocimum sp. have
been studied intensively, and reveal that many subspecies and varieties are
globally distributed (Carović-Stanko et al. 2011). This is due to the
recurring polymorphism of
plants all of which
produce essential oils with varying chemical composition of the genus
(Carović-Stanko et al. 2011) due to edaphic and geographic factors
(Tchoumbougnang et al.2006).
This is a useful
indicator for plant improvement and an effective means of maintaining genetic
resources of Ocimum sp., besides their effective medicinal uses (Harisaranraj
et al. 2008).
Despite many
efforts, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships within the Ocimum genus are
still in question due to the recurring genetic, chemical and geographical
variability.
In South Africa
this crop has adapted to many geographic regions and climates, making it
reliable for large scale production (Fang 2011).
Oxidative stress
induced by chronic hyperglycaemia (Kil et al. 2004) has been shown to be a
major underlying mechanism for the formation of harmful byproducts that
accumulate
and contribute to
development of the long-term complications associated with diabetes (Neri et
al. 2005).
Oxidative stress
reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestations of reactive oxygen
species (ROS) constantly formed in the human body and the quantities of antioxidant
products required to restore balance, causing vasoconstriction (Kuyvenhoven and
Meinders 1999). Excess production of ROS leads to the impairment of equilibrium
between pro-oxidants and antioxidant systems (Sharma and Kar 2014).
The activation of a
number of metabolic pathways induced by chronic hyperglycaemia produce
endproducts that contribute to the development of long-term complications
associated with diabetes (Kuyvenhoven and Meinders 1999). For example, the
activation of the polyol pathway causes decreased nitric oxide and
prostaglandin synthesis, which results in endothelial dysfunction and
hypertension.
Increased polyol
pathway activity can induce retinopathy and neuropathy. Similarly, increased
protein kinase C (PKC) pathway activity and the formation of non-enzymatic
glycation of
proteins can lead to the increased risk of developing nephropathy, neuropathy
and retinopathy.
In addition,
increased hexosamine pathway activity can potentiate macromolecular damage.
Proper glycaemic control, blood pressure management and lipid modification are
important
to consider as they
may independently slow the progression of diabetic related micro-and
macrovascular complications, and thus reduce the rates of diabetic retinopathy,
neuropathy, nephropathy, diabetic foot infections, atherosclerosis and other
associated cardiovascular events, including dyslipidaemia, hypertension,
hypercoagulability and obesity (Ratner 2001/Mizuno et al. 2008).
Apart from the current
therapeutic options, many herbal medicines have been proposed for the treatment
of diabetes (Jarald et al. 2008).
The use of
medicinal plants are part of traditional practice in many countries and
cultures (Soumyanath 2006) incl. South Africa (van de Venter et al. 2008),
because of their
availability, effectiveness, minimal side effects and low cost.
Investigation into
antidiabetic agents from traditional medicinal plants is a major driver
ofresearch (Palatty et al. 2013).
1.3
The use of
traditional medicine in the treatment of diabetes
In Africa, many
plants are traditionally used for the management and control of various
ailments (Baynes 2006) incl. diabetes (Kavishankaret al.2011).
globally,
approximately 85,000 medicinal plant species (sp.) are reported as medicinally
useful (Liu and Wang 2008), few have received scientific scrutiny despite
medical and scientific recommendation from the WHO (WHO 2007).
In South Africa,
victims of chronic diseases are turning to herbal medicines as alternative sources
of treatment as recommended by the National Department of Health (2006).
This renewed
interest in plant medicines as alternative therapy to restore health or treat
diseases is believed to be motivated by factors such as their effectiveness,
that they
are more specific
and that they contain diverse secondary metabolites which provide numerous
health benefits. The orchestra of chemical compounds within the plants work
together
synergistically allowing active compounds to be available to produce maximal therapeutic
efficiency that are less toxic than high doses of individual components (van
Huyssteen 2007).
Traditional
medicine (TM) may provide an effective solution to the threat of diabetes
worldwide, thus helping to reduce chronic disease complications and deaths
(Fang 2011).
World
ethnobotanical information on medicinal plants has reported up to 800 plants
used for the treatment of diabetes (Udayakumar et al. 2009).
Numerous medicinal
plants offer sustainable management of the sugar levels among diabetic patients
and validated for their hypoglycaemic potential using experimental animal
models (Yeh et al.
2003).
Plants such as
Momordica charantia and Eugenia jambolana have been shown to ameliorate
diabetic complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy, fructose-induced
insulin resistance, and
cataracts in
experimental animals (Premila and Conboy 2007).
Diabetes is thus a
common disease for investigation using natural products.
However, the
mechanism of action +/o. the components that specifically exert blood glucose
lowering effects on tissues or organs remain unknown (Prabhakar and Doble
2011/Palatty et al. 2013). Diabetic research on the therapeutic effectiveness
of natural plant products of SA is limited (Afolayan and Sunmonu 2010),
therefore, this study is aimed at improving the management of diabetes
by investigating
novel compounds and the synergistic action of medicinal plants, marking a
promising future and better usage of South Africa’s medicinally important
plants.
1.4
Ethnobotanical
properties of Ocimum sp.
Safety, therapeutic
effectiveness, economic benefits and availability are advantages claimed for
medicinal plants in the treatment of various ailments therefore need to be
subject to scientific study.
The genus Ocimum is
among those plants recognised for their medicinal attributes being rich in
phenolic compounds.
The genus Ocimum
belongs to the family Lamiaceae/Labiatae and is presently one of the most
studied genera worldwide (Kaya et al. 2008) with more than 150 sp. distributed
in both subtropical
and tropical
regions worldwide, and are used to treat and manage a variety of human ailments
(Tchoumbougnang et al. 2006).
The plants selected
for this study are Ocimum sanctum (O. tenuiflorum) commonly referred to as Holy
basil/Tulsi, and Ocimum basilicum, commonly referred to as Sweet basil.
Oci-b. Anerkennung in Religiösem,
Oci. = Camph-ähnlich in Urinorganbeschwerden
Oci-car.
Oci-g.
Oci-sa. Angst vor Unfälle (Träume)/will Anerkennung in
Erste Hilfeleistung,
Oci-su.
Ocig-d.
Orig. = Majoranum hortensis
Ocig-v. versucht Anerkennung/Genuss im Sexuellem zu finden,
Orthosiphon aristatus =
Katzenbart
Pogostemon cablin
o. patchouly Räucherwaren.
Prosopis glandulosa
= Mesquite
Prosopis juliflora
= Mesquite
Plect.-b.
Plect. = Buntnessel/=
Harfennessel/Mottenkönig
Plect-caninus. = Verpiss-dich-Pflanze/hält
Hunden
ab ihren Haufen hinzusetzen
Prunella vulgaris =
All-heal/=
Bijenkorfje
Rosm.
Rosm-br.
Salv.
Salvia apiance = „white“ sage Räucherwaren.
Salvia. divinorum =
Psil-Ersatz
Salvia. sclerea
Salvia pomifera
(produces cherry-sized galls at the end of its shoots/Creta)
Scut. = Caust -
revolutionäre Ideen
Scutellaria macrantia
Stach.
Tectona grandis =
Teak
Teucr.
Teucr-s.
Teucr-sdm. = Teucr-s-ähnlich + Fäulnis
Thymu-vg.
Thymu.
Thymol.
* Labiatae (Agn. = ähnlich).
Utricularia foliosa.
* Verbenaceae
Agn. ‡ = Arg-met-ähnlich ‡
Clerod-g.
Clerod-i. =
Ip-/Puls-ähnlich
Verbe-h.
Verbe-o.
Verbe-u.
Verbascum nigrum = Wegekerze.
Aloysia
citriodora
Vit.
* Nyctaginaceae
Boerh-d.
Nyct.
* Olaeacae
Anhang (W. Pelikan/JJ Kleber)
Chion.
Frax-a.
Frax-e. = Cassia-ähnlich + schwach in
Blätter
Fraxinus griffithii = Esche Bonsaigruppe.
Fraxinus nigra = Black Ash.
Fraxinus uhdei = Immergrüne
Esche Bonsaigruppe
Mannit = E 421 Zuckeraustauschstoff
aus Mannaeschenbaum/gewonnen aus Zosteraceae (= Seegrasgewächse)/Alismatales.
in Laminaria (= Braunalgen) Süßmittel Verursacht Durchfall/Blähungen
Jasm.
Jasminum nudiflorum =
sieboldianum = Winterjasmin
Ligustrum delavayanum
Bonsaigruppe
Ligustrum japonicum Bonsaigruppe
Ligustrum mutellina =
Mutterkraut/= Bärenfenchel.
Ligustrum sinense = Chinesischer
Liguster Bonsaigruppe
Ol-eur. = Olive
Syr-vg.
* Orobanchae
Epiphegus
Euphr.
Hyobanche sanguineae =
Richtersveld/= Sommerwurz Ausgangsstoff Blüte, Blatt, Stamm, Wurzel
Melampyrum pratens = Wachtelweizen
von Ameisen
als Brutstätte gebraucht
Pedicularis
canadensis (Pedcir) = "Wood betony"/= Canada lousewort
Repertorium:
Glieder: Koordination fehlend,
gestört
Rhinanthus angustifolius.= Großer
Klappertopf/= Greater Yellow-rattle
** Scrofulariaceae
Anhang (Rosina Sonnenschmidt/JJ
Kleber)
Comparison Scrophulariaceae,
Conifers and Leguminosae.
Blüten sehen aus wie Rachen/=
behaart/= oft Halb- o. Vollparasiten
Bindungen sind nicht stark, also
wollen sie alles ganz festhalten und wenn Verbindungen brechen, kommen Furcht,
Schreck und Wahnideen
[R. Sankaran]
Bindungen sind nicht stark, also
wollen sie alles ganz festhalten und wenn Verbindungen brechen, kommen Furcht,
Schreck und Wahnideen
‡ Stärken Ätherleib +
hemmen Astralleib ‡
Enthalten Pb.
Scrophularia
Allgemein XYZ (Scroph-xyz)
Family sensation
(Sankaran) As if: Holding on to reality, life, family. Weakness of connection,
As if bonds easily broken.
DD.: minerals
Stadium 15. [Ars. and Phos.].
Veronica:
"Delusions, people are distant" or Verbascum "Dreams, dead
people."
Scrophulariaceae
Rubrics ...
Indifferent and
sleepy
Frightened on
waking.
Fancies,
Lascivious.
Nymphomania
Reserved.
Serious, earnest
Repertorium:
Auge: Skrofulöse Erkrankungen
Hören: Taub, Verlust des Gehörs
Bauch: Schmerz/Entzündung
(Leber/Appendix)
Blase: Urinieren unwillkürlich
Nieren: Schmerz - Harnleiter
Rücken: Steifheit in Zervikalregion
Glieder: Schmerz - rheumatisch/Krämpfe
in Handflächen
Schlaf: Schläfrig
Haut: Hautausschläge
Bacopa monnieri.
Buddl. = Schmetterlingsstrauch
Cymbalaria muralis = Zimbelkraut/=
Muurleeuwenbek.
Dig. unglückliche Liebe + Herzbeschwerden/=
Ant-c-ähnlich
Dig-la. = Dig + ungewünschte Reaktion darauf/= Dig +
zweifacher Wirkung
Dig-l. = Dig-ähnlich + weniger giftig
Digin. = Dig + schwach/= Bufogift-ähnlich
Digox.
Franc.
Hoit.
Lept.
Lina.
Miml-g. BB
Miml-l.
Paulownia Landgewinnung. Wachstumgruppe.
Picrorhiza kurruo = Gent-l.-ähnlich
Picrorhiza scrophularia =
Pircrorhiza kuruo-ähnlich
Penstema = Schildpadbloem/= Bartfaden.
Scroph.
* Plantaginaceae
Antirrhinum majus = Snapdragon.
Antirrhinum = Löwenmäulchen.
Pflanzengattung, die heute auf Grund molekularbiologischer Daten in die Familie
der Wegerichgewächse (Plantaginaceae) eingeordnet wird.
Traditionell wurde sie zu
Scrophulariaceae gerechnet. Scholten: Stadium 15.
Grat. = chronisches Cham/= wie Nux-v
für Frauen
Plan-l.
Plan-m.
Plantago maritima =
halophyth. Strandvegetation.
Plan-minor.
Plan-p.
* Veronicaceae
Capraria biflora = goatweed/= aphrodisich/=
Yin-Yang-Huo
Vero-a.
Vero-b.
Vero-o.
* Pedeliaceae verwandt mit Bignonoiaceae
Harp.
Sesamus indica = Sesam
* Bignoniaceae
Catal. = China-ersatz
Jac-c.
Jac-g.
Jacaranda Bonsaigruppe.
Tababuia chrysantha
Venezuela Staatssymbol.
Tabebuia rosea El
Salvador Staatssymbol
Tabetuia avellanedae =
Lapacho/= Peau d’arco
* Acanthaceae
Androg-p.
Avicennia marina = Teil Mangrove.
Hygrop-s.
Jacobinia
pauciflora = Jacobinie Bonsaigruppe.
Just.
Just-r. = Just-ähnlich + blutiger
Auswurf/Erbrechen/wenn Just versagt
Thunderbergia
acalata = black-eyed
susanne
* Lentibulariaceae
Ping-vg. lentibularia o. Utricularia
vulgaris lebt auf Wasseroberfläche Gesneriaceae
Vero-a.
Vero-b.
Vero-o.
* Pedeliaceae verwandt mit Bignonoiaceae
Harp.
Sesamus indica = Sesam
* Bignoniaceae
Catal. = China-ersatz
Jac-c.
Jac-g.
Jacaranda Bonsaigruppe.
Tababuia chrysantha
Venezuela Staatssymbol.
Tabebuia rosea El
Salvador Staatssymbol.
Tabetuia.
avellanedae = Lapacho/= Peau d’arco
* Oliaceae
* Acanthaceae
* Lentibulariaceae
Ping-vg. lentibularia o. Utricularia
vulgaris lebt auf Wasseroberfläche
* Gesneriaceae
Vorwort/Suchen Zeichen/Abkürzungen Impressum