Schlangen
Anhängsel
Schlangen können zum
Leben den Mensch folgen. Scheu. 50% aller Verteidigungsbisse sind ungiftig.
Gift = Nervengift, blockiert Acetylcholin
Urenergie als Basis des Lebens/Bewusstseins, Lebenswillen/Maya/verführt den Mensch, Bewusstsein = verdrängen des Triebkraft = Spaltung des harmonischen Ganzes = Psora
‡
Folgendes hat
anthroposofische Einschlüße ‡.
[Massimo Mangialavori]
Bei diesen Mitteln kommen häufig einseitige Symptome vor. Es ist nicht so wichtig, welche Seite betroffen ist. Es scheint einfach, als ob die eine Seite des Körpers völlig gesund und die andere vollkommen krank sei. Alles hat 2
Seiten – wie bei Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde.
Schlangen haben oft eine klare Wahrnehmung von ihren 2 Seiten. Diese 2 Seiten stehen nicht in Konkurrenz zueinander, so als würde die eine Seite dahin ziehen und die andere dorthin (wie bei Anacardium). Es ist eher ein klares
Gefühl, dass es zwei Möglichkeiten gibt, das Leben
wahrzunehmen. Es ist, als wenn alles, was man sieht, per Definition auch eine
dunkle Seite hat. Sie wissen, um gesund zu werden, muss man diese dunkle Seite
anerkennen und integrieren. In gewissem Maße muss auch die dunkle Seite gelebt
werden.
Der körperliche Aspekt: in ihrem Körper drückt sich oft
etwas Gespaltenes aus, als ob sich die beiden Seiten des Körpers in
verschiedenen Zuständen befänden.
Das Problem ist nicht, was ist besser oder schlimmer oder dass sie miteinander kämpfen. Im Gegenteil, sie haben das Gefühl, dass die Wahrheit darin liegt, diese Zustände zusammenzuführen und zu vereinen. Bevor man nicht diese
beiden Seiten zusammenbringt, kann man keine integrierte
Persönlichkeit entwickeln und das angestrebte Ziel nicht erreichen.
Der Patient gebraucht oft Ausdrücke, die sehr ichbezogen
wirken. Das Hauptanliegen ist die Entwicklung seiner Person - das ist das
Wichtigste. Andere Menschen schaffen nur das Umfeld für ihn als eine Art
Werkzeug, welches ihm erlaubt, das zu erreichen, was er will.
Jede andere Art von Beziehung wird als eine Art von
Konkurrenz angesehen. „Ich muss gewinnen oder ich werde verlieren.“ Es dreht
sich immer um das Problem, wer wird der Erste sein!
Sehr oft fühlen sich diese Patienten als Opfer von Verrat. Für sie geht es bei einer Beziehung zu anderen Menschen hauptsächlich um die Frage der Macht. „Wer ist der Mächtigste?“ Wenn sie das Gefühl haben, dass ihnen jemand
anderes überlegen ist, benehmen sie sich so, dass es völlig
klar ist, dass der andere stärker ist. Sie tun dann alles Mögliche, um sich gut
mit dieser Person zu stellen, um bei nächst bester Gelegenheit genau dieser
Person ihren Sitz zu stehlen. Sie können es nicht ertragen, in Konkurrenz mit
jemandem zu stehen, also brechen sie die Beziehung ab, indem sie die Person
meiden und sich von ihr zurückziehen.
Meistens sind diese „Schlangen“ in machtvollen Positionen.
Sie wissen sehr gut, wie man erfolgreich wird. Um diese Position zu erreichen,
ignorieren sie andere wichtige emotionale Aspekte ihres Lebens. Dies findet
sich oft bei übertrieben ehrgeizigen Personen, die genau wissen, was sie wollen
und wie sie ihr Ziel erreichen können. Wenn diese Strategie nicht mehr
funktioniert, geraten diese Menschen in die Dekompensation.
Es ist bekannt, dass Schlangen eine große Fähigkeit haben zu
verführen. Aber um welche Art von Verführung handelt es sich? Welches ist das
Ziel dieser Verführung?
Wenn sie Schutz suchen, werden sie sich wie ein Baby
benehmen, um die anderen dazu zu verführen, sich (wie bei einem Baby) um sie zu
kümmern. Das sehen wir bei jungen Kätzchen und Hunden.
In unserem Fall dreht es sich um jemanden, der klug und gut
erscheinen möchte.
Diese Sache mit dem spirituellen Weg finden wir oft bei diesem Mittel. Sie schlagen oft einen etwas unkonventionellen, spirituellen Weg ein, etwas mit dem sich nicht so viele Menschen identifizieren.
Dies schafft eine Art exklusives Umfeld.
In einigen Religionen und Kulturen findet man das Urbild der Schlange. Meistens wird es assoziiert mit Wissen und Weisheit. Es geht aber mehr um Sachkenntnis als um den Glauben. Selbst in unserer Kultur ist eine Schlange nicht jemand, der eine hohe Position erreicht, weil er an etwas glaubt. Er erreicht sie, weil er etwas weiß. Es ist eine Frage von Wissen und Macht.
Frei nach: Friedwart Husemann, M.D.
Lach.feels
uneasy/cannot bear tight-fitting bands (collars/belts/brassieres). It is not
uncommon for them to feel that there is PRESsure inside. > Discharges which
may be said to relieve that pressure (headache > with the onset of menses).
Symptoms mostly left sided. Lach. addresses the heart, just as more r.-sided
drugs tend to address the liver.
< from
sleep is an important Lach. keynote. Lach. go to bed in a condition that is
bearable and wake up with dreadful palpitations/headache/paresthesia of the
arms. 'Sleeps into the aggravation' is indicative of the drug. Concerning the
psychology, 'loquacity' is a common sign. An exaggerated desire to communicate
denotes a certain lack of stability.
<
heat/sun/hot room. Often proved life-saving in serious septic conditions.
What do the
following five symptoms represent?
- constriction
- left-sidedness
- < from sleep
- loquacity
- < from heat
Comparison: Reptilia: snakes, lizards,
turtles, crocodiles.
Snakes are
poikilothermic (= have variable body temperatures) like the amphibians,
Embryo surrounded by an amnion, and as in the
birds,
Eggs are laid on land (birds) and no longer
depend on a watery environment;
The mammals take interiorization one step more,
the nest which birds build in the outside world is taken inside and becomes the
uterus.
Calcareous shell. Birds and reptiles both
produce egg shells.
Despite the
relationship, birds seem the opposite of snakes in many respects.
Snakes are out-and-out reptiles. The 4 limbs
disappeared/are legless/progress on the ground and in trees with sinuous
twisting movements, burrow in the sand, sometimes swim in water.
Snakes like
to stay in one place, occupying the same familiar territory for years on end.
Essentially, therefore, snakes have narrowed their habitat to a fixed point on
earth; they have narrowed
down their
bodies so that they have become a limbless tube.
In plant
terms we might say that snakes have concentrated on the stem principle.
Snakes are
deaf, having no middle ear. (Snake charmers achieve their ends not through
music but because of the movements they make). These animals therefore lack the
mobile inner part of the ear and the 4 limbs = the outer and the inner mobility
that is part of musicality. Music becomes dance in the movement of the limbs.
This is probably also the reason why the sinuous twisting movements of snakes
look so unpleasant to us; they lack both music and harmony.
Birds, on
the other hand, take the limb principle to extremes, with the anterior limbs
developed into wings to produce the airfoils that permit them to fly.
Migrating
birds circle the whole globe, covering thousands of kilometers year after year.
Birds on
the other hand represent the leaf principle with their wings; they have
expanded into the world around them/made the whole earth their habitat. Address
to our sense of music. Bird song is something unique in the world of nature.
Rose or
lily is the culmination of plant life and comes close to being a work of art,
nature presents the art of music in the song of birds. Some birds are even able
to imitate human speech.
The flight
of birds on the other hand is something sublime; a certain awe is felt as the
eye follows the strange V-shaped form of a flight of cranes in the sky. The
beat of the wings forms a wave as it passes further back the line and in this
one experience the common breath that guides individual birds the way a
conductor does a symphony.
Birds
accordingly have a completely separate left and r. heart,
Taking
snakes and birds together, it would seem that the snakes forewent (=
verzichten) music entirely in their organization so that the birds might have
it. Surely the price we pay for the admiration we feel for birds is the
repugnance we might experience when we look at a snake.
Among the
Sauropsida, birds have anticipated development in so far as they are already
homeothermic like mammals. Once again they are slightly overdoing things,
however, for they do not attain to the 'proper level' of 37° C. Compared to
human beings they may be said to have a fever all the time (body temperature in
the range of 41 - 44° C).
Snakes, on
the other hand, have remained poikilothermic/have an incomplete septum.
All in all,
snakes show regression of limbs, narrowing down to a tubelike body that is all
trunk, limitation to a restricted habitat, and exclusion from the whole world
of sound ( which also represents a narrowing down if one compares them to
birds.
Similarity Between
the Picture Presented in Nature and the Drug Picture
Snakes are
evidence of nature's power to narrow down the expansiveness that is
characteristic of birds. Lach. patients become like this when they feel
constricted, when symptoms are ameliorated from discharges that relieve the
constriction. This may be seen as a first link between the powers of nature
that have produced snakes in the outside world, and the medicinal powers that
snake venom develop within human beings.
The
elongated body form of snakes is responsible for one-sidedness also in other
respects. Snakes that still have rudiments of a shoulder and a pelvic girdle (
thus indicating their relationship to 4-footed animals ( have both a r. and a l. lung. Higher
snakes have not even the rudiments of limbs and no l. lung. In humans, the l.
lung has 2 lobes while the r. lung has 3 (l. lung shows regression).
Compared to
humans, the extreme to be seen in snakes is that the heart is entirely limited
to the l. side of the body and the lung to the r. The actual situation is that
the 2 organs extend lengthways in front, beside and behind one another, but
compared to the human anatomy the aforesaid may nevertheless be said to be
true. It immediately explains the l.-sidedness that is a prominent feature in
the drug picture of Lach. and the connection with the heart.
Birds
conquer all dimensions of space in their flight; snakes have to move
horizontally on the ground because they have no legs. No other animal shows the
horizontal direction of the animal backbone as clearly as a snake does. Human
beings on the other hand have assumed the vertical position, though this
applies only when they are in daytime consciousness. In sleep, humans, too,
must assume the horizontal position of the animal backbone. In sleep, humans
are in the same position as snakes. Hence the characteristic symptom '< from
sleep', 'sleeps into the aggravation'.
Snake Venom
So far we
have limited ourselves to the things snakes have had to give up compared to
other animals: legs/ears/l. lung. Nature economizes to gain savings/every loss
represents a gain.
What do
snakes gain from all those regressions? Mainly venom production. Snake venoms
are highly complex proteins/produced in oral and parotid salivary glands and injected into the victim
through poison fangs. The method of application is important, for taken by the
oral route snake venoms are nontoxic, being digested like other proteins.
Mineral poisons [arsenic/plant poisons (chemically more complex) toxic if taken
orally]. Animal poisons are usually highly complex proteins, and generally
speaking, their chemical structure is not yet fully known (indicating their
complex nature).
The
skeleton of a snake's head is highly mobile, and this applies particularly to
the bones of the mouth. This mobility reaches its maximum in venomous snakes
where the upper jaw carrying the poison fang can be tilted forward by an angle
of 90°. Thus we see what snakes have gained in losing their limbs: the teeth
have become highly mobile organs of motion in two respects, firstly in outer
mobility and 2ndly through the poison fang becoming the efferent duct of a
gland.
Let us
return to comparison with birds. Something quite different comes to expression
in a dry beak opened in song than in venomous saliva ejected through a tooth.
These are serious matters, yet there is a certain humour to the way they
present in the drug picture. The keynote 'loquacity', the exaggerated desire to
communicate shown by Lach. patients, needs to be seen in this context, for the
snake carries its venom in the mouth. We may also connect the symptom of
excessive loquacity with the improvement from discharges that has already been
mentioned. A Lach. patient's migraine may improve with the onset of menses, and
the same patient relieves the excess pressure in her soul through the ceaseless
flow of talk. When a snake discharges venom this, too, is like using a safety
valve for the many restrictions and economies that these animals have taken
upon them.
The Pit as
a Sence Organ for Heat
Snakes have
an extraordinarily acute sense of smell which they use to detect and pursue
their prey. Pit vipers, and Lach. is one of these, have an additional organ,
the 'pit'. This is a hollow space between nose and eye that is covered with a
thin, slightly depressed, membrane [only 1/100 mm thick with a rich supply of
much-branched free nerve endings (1000/mm 2 ) deriving from the 5th cranial
nerve].
The pits
enable the snake to perceive the heat radiated by its prey. Temperature
differences as small as 0.003° C will cause nerve stimulation, and a pit viper
is able to perceive the heat radiating from the palm of a human hand at a
distance of half a meter. The most highly developed venomous snakes have
created a sense organ for heat. The structure has some similarity to the
primitive cup-like eyes of some lower animals, but an even better comparison is
with the ear drum and tympanic cavity. There, too, a sensitive membrane is
stretched over a cavity or pit. The middle ear that is lacking in all other
snakes has re-emerged as an organ for the perception of heat in the pit vipers.
These snakes therefore show the great sensitivity to heat that also appears in
the drug picture of Lach.: '< from heat'/'does not tolerate heat in any
form' ('climacteric hot flushes').
From Drug
Picture to Drug Intuition
The five
cardinal symptoms we have been discussing show a striking similarity to the
special physiological features of snakes. Up to this point our approach has
consisted in explaining the drug picture on the basis of what presents in
nature. Those symptoms (constriction, l.sidedness, < from sleep, loquacity,
< from heat) are pathological in humans but physiological in snakes.
'Every
animal, if we consider it in the r. way, represents a disease. In the animal
the disease may be said to be normal.' (R.S.). So far we have considered human
pathology in connection with the snake.
We do not
have to stop at this. Birds, the opposite of snakes, also represent a particular
pathological process in that their physiological temperature is 41- 44° C.
Snakes are in opposition to this 'bird pathology' and thus become medicinal in
this respect. At this point, therapeutic action is no longer motivated by
empirical observation but by thought, and that is 'drug intuition'. It is
evident that homeopathic drug pictures as well as anthroposophical drug
intuitions are open to rational clarification.
Birds
enhance the heat process to one of continuous fever: they are always giving off
heat and this makes them homeothermic, like humans. Birds are
environment-orientated; their migrations circle the whole globe. Birds
essentially appear to relate to a spreading, actively produced heat principle
involving passive perception.
Snakes are poikilothermic
and have a limited habitat; their sense of heat is concentrated in a pit
between nose and eye.
Venomous
snakes thus represent the essence of a natural power that contracts the heat
principle, localizing it in a single organ. As physicians we utilize this
natural power when we give Lach. in the treatment of febrile diseases. Patients
who have a fever enter into bird nature, as it were, and this has to be
countered with the essential nature of venomous snakes, so that the human being
can freely find his own level somewhere between the excessive heat production
of birds and excessive passive heat perception of snakes.
The upright
Serpent
When a
patient's fever is healed with snake venom, a balance is established between
feverish bird nature and poisonous snake nature; this balance could not be
achieved unless there was disease, or in other words the human being. The snake
which in nature progresses horizontally is able to heal the human being with
its venom; it thus attains to the upright position in the human being. Or else
we may say that the medicinal action helps the human being from his horizontal
sick bed to the vertical position. Such a view gives a new understanding of
ancient symbols. Moses set up a brazen serpent in the desert, and anyone who
looked on that serpent did not die of the bite of the fiery serpents. Since
then, however, evolution has progressed, as is also evident in this particular
case. When human beings fall ill they assume the characteristics of a process
in outer nature. A successful healing process, on the other hand, means that a
certain natural process (snake venom) assumes human characteristics. Every
process in nature therefore reveals a gesture full of healing intent for man.
We see signs here of a macrocosmic human being who is poured out in nature and
holds all healing principles within him. This is the world's redeemer who said
to Nicodemus: 'And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so
must the Son of man be lifted up: That whosoever believeth in him should not
perish, but have eternal life.' (John 3. 14-15). In Moses' day, the upright
serpent was a brazen one and the fiery serpents could kill. Since the
turning-point of time the upr. serpent has itself become a symbol of healing
that will tame the fire and can show us the way from the pathological symptoms
in human beings to the healing principles in nature.
Snake venoms are highly complex proteins/produced
in parotid and salivary glands and injected into the victim
through poison fangs. Method of application is important, for taken by the oral
route snake venoms are nontoxic, being digested just like other proteins.
Frei nach: JJ Kleber
Schlangen allgemein:
Fraser: empfindSAM gegenüber ihrer Umwelt (Würgeschlagen empfindlich gegen physikalische Umwelt/Giftschlangen gegen soziale Beziehungsumwelt) verstehen Schlangen die anderen durch Empfinden + clairvoyant und durch Hören-Sagen (Spinnen kennen die anderen durch Beobachtung); äußerst selbstbezogen beziehen + benutzen sie aber alles Empfundene für + auf sich (nur Naja fühlt verantwortlich gegenüber andere).
Mangalavori: zusätzlich zu hohem Narzismus (will besonderes sein/oft eitel) haben Schlangen ein sehr besitzergreifende Art und fühlen sich so auch schnell ausgenutzt/betrogen/eingeengt durch Partner/Gesellschaft; sie meinen immer zu kurz zu kommen und versuchen durch Verführung (Sex, Wissen, u.s.w) das Besondere zu bekommen was ihrer Exklusivität zusteht (Macht/Größe/Schönheit)
Richter: da sich Schlangen schnell verlassen + ungeliebt (Kälte) fühlen (wegen Bindungsstörung)/agieren (teils auch gewalttätig) + verführen sie (teils theatralisch), um den gewünschten
Kontakt zu halten o. zu bekommen; die gestörte emotionale Kommunikation kommt durch emotionalen Mangel in der Kindheit (keine sicherer Basis 1 - 3. Lebensjahr durch kühle Eltern,
zu wenig o. emotionslose Zuwendung); kann die bei hoher Sensitivität aufgenommenen Sinneseindrücke nicht als empfundene Gefühle eingeordnet werden, kommt es zu desorganisierten Gefühlsausbrüchen (zu viel/zu wenig Hemmungen) Hitzewallungen/Stauungen/Blutungen. Schlangen will andere Menschen durch ihr Verhalten beeindrucken + anziehen, ihre Beziehungsprobleme durch Verführung überspielen;
Schlangen verführen um zu zeigen, dass sie etwas Besonderes sind:
Both-l.: durch Intellektualität (Spiritualität) o. einfach Aggressivität,
Lach.: durch Extravaganz + Dominanz (beherrschende Position),
Naja: durch zurückhaltende Pflichterfüllung + Hilfsbereitschaft,
Cench.: durch Erotik,
Crot-h.: durch sich aufdrängende Hilfsbereitschaft,
Elaps: durch Kunstsinn + Eleganz + Schönheit
Alle Schlangenmittel:
Repertorum:
Gemüt: nicht verträglich in der Gesellschaft; argwöhnisch; fühlen sich verfolgt, verraten, fremdbestimmt (Fremdkörpergefühl, andere sind Schuld); manipulativ, charmant und hinterlistig;
gespaltenes Verhalten (Crot-h.: will Reden bringt nichts raus; Lach.: redet ununterbrochen aber sagt nichts; Stottern);
Animalische Instinkte (Sex/Aggression) sind schwer kontrollierbar, o. machen Beschwerden (Unterdrückung); konservativ will sie keine Veränderung keinen Wechsel
Zunge (Schwellung/Lähmung), Mund/Hals (Entzündung/Sprachstörung/“Wie“ Zusammenschnürung); Herz + Zirkulation (Schmerz/Hitzewallung/Blutung); Gewebeverfall (Entzündung/Sepsis);
Lähmend (Paralyse/Unentschlossen); Blutung (Crotalidae + Viperidae).
Widerstreitende Empfindungen, Ziele (z.B.Cench: Erotik – kindliche Unschuld/Naja: Willen – unentschlossen); Empfindung gespalten zu sein; einseitige Beschwerden
< Einschränkung/-schnürung [enge Kleidung (Kragen)]; empfindlich gegen äußere Einflüsse (Temperatur + Wetter); Periodisch (Spinnen); < Veränderungen (Pubertät/Menopause); < morgens/> im Tagesverlauf.
Enge ist nicht tolerabel, anschwellen, platzen, kongestiv.
Würgeschlangen
Empfindlich gegen physikalische Umwelt.
Herkunft:
Adeps-boae; Boa constrictor = Abgottschlange;
Fraser: empfinden Welt außer Kontrolle, will mit ANstrengung + Konzentration Ordnung machen + Kontrolle halten in eigener Umgebung; Chaos verhüten durch Willensanstrengung, dadurch
ungeduldig dominierend und heftige Wutausbrüche bei Widerstand (nicht doppelzüngig und hinterlistig wie Giftschlangen); in Dekompensation mut- und hoffnungslose Verzweiflung
Empfindungen: need to hold on tight, fühlt sich unterdrückt und eingeengt durch obige Anstrengung.
Verdauungstrakt ( Schmerz krampfend/ziehend/brennend; Blähungen)
Python regius = Königs-Pytho/= Royal Python;
Fraser: versucht durch Kontrolle ihrer Umgebung kraftvolle Beziehungen zu schmieden, um das Gefühl des Kontrollverlustes im Leben zu kompensieren; diese Beziehungen (Partnerschaft) werden erstickend und erdrücken die eigene Entfaltung, mit Schuldgefühlen; sehr ängstlich
Herkunft: Pythonblut aus einem Blutegel (deshalb wirkt diese Arznei auch bei sauberen, roten Blutungen)
Respirationstrakt (Enge- und Druckgefühle); Darm (Fremdkörpergefühl); starke Wirkung auf Blutungen
Epalidae
Bungarus fasciatus (Bung-f.) = banded Krait
Heftige unkontollierbare Wut- und Ärger-Ausbrüche (DD.: Mamba mehr kaltherzig), die schnell kommen und vergehen; fühlen sich oft von anderen unter Druck gesetzt; kann keine Ungerechtigkeit
vertragen (sehen sich aber oft selbst als das Opfer); ängstlich vor allem um Gesundheit (aber nicht so argwöhnisch wie andere Schlangen); gute Kraft aber oft faul und amotiviert.
Leicht gestört durch Lärm und Menschen, aber ängstlich wenn alleine (will schweigende Begleitperson, reden selbst aber laut + schnell); oft beschämt, sexuelle Zwänge (mit Brüsten).
> morgens; < nachmittags; (Cer-c), hungrig +> nach + durch Essen
Dendroaspis polypesis = Schwarze Mamba
Fraser: extrem selbstsüchtig, sieht er alles nur aus seinem Standpunkt, denkt immer nur an seinen Vorteil, denkt nicht an die Befindlichkeit anderer (aber Mitgefühl mit Kindern/Misshandelten/Underdogs); auch Sorgen um Befinden von Angehörigen bezieht sich mehr Verlustängste; kritisch und nur eigene Meinung anerkennend werden andere hartherzig bis grausam zum Anerkennen seiner Meinung und Forderungen gezwungen; bei Angriff impulsiv, rücksichtslos und grausam ohne Reue; impulsive Aggression + Sex; ungeduldig, schnell in der Bewegung, suchen sie Excitement o. werden gelangweilt; in Dekompensation hoffnungslos, gefangen in tiefer Verzweiflung im Dunkel wünschen sich den ewigen Schlaf.
Plötzlich + scharf die Schmerzen (oft neuralgisch), auch Pelzigkeit und intellektuelle Stumpfheit; überwältigende Schwäche und Schwere.
Wie ganz alleine, ohne jede Hilfe von anderen
Toxicität: ohne med. Versorgung hohe Mortalität an Atemlähmung innerhalb 0,5-8h; schwarze Mamba ist gefährlichste Art (D. angusticeps) harmloseste Art); Lähmung von Ptosis, Dysarthrie,
Dysphagie bis Atemlähmung + kompletter Paralyse; Dysästhesie generalisiert schon nach 10 Min., Muskelfaszikulieren und -Spasmen; Sonst Speichelfluß, starkes Schwitzen, Gänsehaut,
Bindehautrötung; Bauchschmerz, Übelkeit, Erbrechen;
Elaps o. micrurus corralinus = Korallenschlange/= Brazilian Coral Snake
Fraser: schüchtern, ängstlich vor allem wenn alleine, aber trotzdem menschenscheu; Angst um Angehörigen v.a. wenn abwesend;
Richter: kämpft darum eine Beziehung zu bekommen (Puls. kämpft eine Beziehung zu erhalten); fühlt sich ausgeschlossen, verlassen, nicht anerkannt, deshalb ist Anerkennung über alles wichtig,
die erreicht werden soll durch Originalität, Phantasie + Kunstfertigkeiten (z.B. schönes Malen v.a. schöne Farben)
Sinn für künstlerisches, Einfallsreichtum, (Farben, Malen, schöne auffallende Kleidung) veranlasst andere sich zu kümmern, hinzuschauen.
Angst um Gesundheit von Angehörigen; Furcht vor Regen; Angst: hohe Plätze/vor Fallen (Träume) (Angst Stellung + Position in der Gesellschaft zu verlieren); wichtig ist gute Meinung der anderen;
scheu, liebevoll, suchen Emotionalität, sehr sanftes Wesen (Naja, Puls), wird aber feurig wenn kämpfen muss (Gegensatz zu Puls); hat Schwierigkeiten mit Kontakten und ist ohne Freunde oft allein, im Konflikt Flucht in die Kunst, Flucht in Einsamkeit; paralytisch Lähmung, Taubheitsgefühl (Naja: zusammengezogen/verkrampft).
Verlangt: Kaltem + Eis/Salat/Buttermilch/Obst (Orangen/Bananen)/Salate (liegen wie Eis im Magen); Abgeneigt: Tomaten;
Ausscheidungen: schwarze Absonderungen (Ohrenschmalz/Blutung/Stuhl/Menses).
Kongestionen = Blutwallung (Blutstau) (Kopf/Lunge/Zungenschwellung/Ohrpulsieren/Herzklopfen) und partielles inneres Kältegefühl Kältegefühl bei warmer Haut; bei Fieber (20 - 22 h.) Kälte bis in Knochen.
Hydrophis cyanocinctus = Blaugebänderte Ruderschlange/= Banded sea snake
Vergftung: Seeschlangen als hochgiftig zu betrachten (von etlichen keine Biß-Berichte da); nur 20% der Bisse erzeugen eine schwere Intoxikation; Lokal ist der Biss schmerzlos und ohne Schwellung;
schwere Intoxikationen entwickeln schnell Zeichen der Muskelschädigung/-steife/-schmerz o. Muskelschwäche (Nacken/Rumpf/Gesicht/Gleder); Schmerz besonders bei Bewegungen (anfangs nur aktiv, dann auch passiv); später Myolyse mit Myoglobinurie, Muskelregeneration erst nach 1 - 2 Wochen beginnend vom überlebenden Muskelkern; selten Muskellähmung aber Augenmuskelparese mit Diplopie + Ptose und Schluck- + Sprachstörung sind möglich
Fraser: starke, nicht unterdrückte Emotionen; in Dekompensation abgestumpft, lethargisch und depressiv (leben unter dunkler Wolke)
Mangialavori: schüchterne, scheue, ängstliche nicht kommunitative Menschen, verschlossen und depressiv (ähnlich Nat-m); Bedürfnis nach Distanz, nach sicherem Rückzugsraum
Symptome vor allem Lähmung, abgestumpfte Erschöpfung und Empfindungslosigkeit; Trennung von oberer + unterer schwächere Körperhälfte (schwache/blockierte Sexualität);
Wie andere Schlangen: Halssymptome/Durst auf kalte Getränke + kalte Speisen/Enge unverträglich.
Muskeldystrophie, Polio; Haut, Neuralgien bei Herpes;
Naja tripudians
Vergiftung: Alle asiatischen Kobras sind neurotoxisch bis zur Atemlähmung und unterschiedlich gewebetoxisch; sofort starker Lokal-Schmerz; meist ZNS-Symptome (Benommenheit wie betrunken, Parästhesien um Mund + Lippen, Kopfschmerz und Schwindel Lähmung beginnend mit Ptosis, Ophtalmoplegie, dann Kopf-, Schluck- Nackenmuskeln bis zur generalisierten schlaffen Parese bei erhaltenem Bewusstsein; teilweise viel zäher Speichel); bald Schwellung später Dunkelfärbung, Blasenbildung, Nekroseentstehung bis zu 1 Woche nach Biß manchmal bis zu Sehnen; Herz selten Hypotonie + EKG Veränderungen mit ST-Hebung;
Fraser: Naja fühlt sich eingeengt, kontrolliert, in der Falle durch selbstgewählte verantwortungsvolle Pflichterfüllung; während Lach dauernd gegen jede Einengung ankämpft, erträgt Naja die Gefangenschaft aus Verantwortungsgefühl gegen über seinen Nächsten, um dadurch die Akzeptanz dieser Nächsten zu erreichen (DD Crot-h zupackendes Aufdrängen der Hilfe); Naja ist zurückhaltender, unentschlossener und weniger aggressiv, als andere Schlangen (bis inaktiv + depressiv), wird aber heftig und aggressiv wenn direkt angegriffen (und in Träumen).
Mangialavori: fein + unentschlossen wegen mangelndem Selbstbewusstsein (bis zur Lähmung + Unfähigkeit etwas zu tun) versucht durch Pflichterfüllung (Workoholik) + hohem Verantwortungsgefühl die gewünschte Anerkennung zu bekommen (Antagonismus Willen – Unentschlossenheit); ist sehr beleidigt bei Kritik (trotz hoher Selbstkritik)
Richter: Dualität der Schlangen am deutlichsten bei Naja (2 Seelen in einer Brust, kann sich nicht für sich selbst entscheiden); in chaotischer Situation wegen Unsicherheit wie gelähmt, hin und her gerissen entsteht Konstriktion (Asthma/Verkrampfung Herz, Hals, Brust, Nacken); sehr pflichtbewusst, fühlt sich aber vernachlässigt (verlassen) o. meint seine Pflicht vernachlässigt zu haben.
Verführt durch verantwortungsvolle Pflichterfüllung; durch Engelhaftigkeit (so lieb, so engelhaft wie Caust)
Antagonismus von ruhelosem Aktivitätsdrang und gelähmten Willen zu handeln; hochempfindlich gegen Kritik, Misserfolg, immer Zweifel an Güte der eigenen Arbeit; Gefühl Versager zu sein; bei Problemen zittrig, aufgeregt/erregt, nuschelige Sprache, weint bei kleinster Erregung; bei Überforderung zusammengezogen, verkrampft (Elaps paralysiert); ehrgeiZG, fleißIG, Verlangt Beschäftigung, immer Gefühl nicht genug getan zu haben (Neubeginn einer Tätigkeit).
Allgemein bei Schlangen Aufgedunsensein, Konstriktions-, Krampf-, Druck-, Beengungs-Gefühl (Kehle/Herz/Bauch/Nacken/Asthma).
Viele Allergien (Heuschnupfen, Asthma); HERZ (Myo- Endokarditis, Rhythmusstörungen, Klappenfehler, Herzangst, Druck-, Engegefühl, heißes eindringendes Eisen, < l. Seitenlage/leichte Anstrengung; Hals (Konstriktion, Kloßgefühl bis Unmöglich zu Schlucken, Nackensteife); Diphterie mit Enge/Konstriktion am Hals + Herzbeteiligung; Cerebellum, Medulla oblongata.
Crotalidae + Viperidae
Agkistroden piscivoris = Toxicophis pugnax
Vergiftung: neben den Lokal-Symptomen aller amerikanischen Agkistrodon (Schmerz/Ödem/Erythem/Ekchymosen/Nekrosen/schmerzhafte Lymphknotenschwellung), vor allem kardiologische Symptome Schwindel, häufiger Gerinnungsstörungen bis zur Verbrauchskoagulopathie mit Fibrinogenabfall und Thrombopenie
Fraser: kindliches Verhalten (auch retarded), oft Wunsch nach Zärtlichkeit und Umsorgt werden; sehr empfindlich (empfindsam), leicht beleidigt (auch mit Weinen), schnell verletzt, wechselhafte Stimmung und auch heftige unkontrollierbare Wutanfälle zumindest nach Provokation (Kränkung) mit Impuls zu schlagen.
Mangialvori: will zeigen dass sie stark sind und unabhängig von den anderen; zeigen sich stolz bis überheblich; versuchen zu ihrer dunklen Seite zu stehen, und damit alleine fertig zu werden
Stimmungen wechselnd mit Lachen und gleich wieder weinen, Begeisterung und Depression mit Verlust sich konzentrieren zu können; viel Ängste + Befürchtungen nachts, mit Alpträumen und Angst schlafen zu gehen; allgemein viele (auch triviale) Ängste; Angst vor animalischen (gewalttätig o. sexuell) Impulsen. Vorliebe Fisch, Abneigung Süßes
Agkistroden o. Cenchris contortix
Vergiftung: oft nur lokale Symptome (Schmerz/Ödem/Erythem/Ekchymosen/Nekrose/schmerzhafte Lymphknotenschwellungen); möglich wie bei anderen amerikanischen Agkistrodon leichte bis mittlere Blutgerinnungsstörungen durch Thrombinaktivierung.
Fraser + Mangialavori: viel Ähnlichkeit mit Agk-p in kindlichem Verhalten aber starke erotische/sexuelle Betonung (Widerstreit von kindlicher Unschuld und verführerischer Sexualität mit Angst); sehr freundliches Erscheinen mit meist gehemmter evtl. unterdrückter Aggression (Staph-a), bei starker Verletzung als bösartige Rachsucht herausbricht; als Unterscheidung zu Agk-p. Schwerpunkt und Bezug zu Sexuellem; wie Agk-p wechselnde Stimmungen von freundlich (sweet + kind) zu ärgerlich bis grausam, von depressiv bis fröhlich lachend; heftige + plötzliche Wutausbrüche wenn gestört o. angegriffen.
Richter: starke Sexualisierung des Bezugsverhaltens; Gefühl niemand hat ihn wirklich lieb, mit großem Verlassenheitsgefühl und großer Sehnsucht nach Zuneigung, nach körperlicher (erotischer) Zuwendung bis zu sexuellem Verfolgungswahn
Verführt durch Erotik + Sexualität o. sich verführt fühlen und ambivalenter Angst vor Sexualität.
Wie generell bei Schlangen anschwellen, platzen, kongestiv; jede Enge ist nicht tolerabel
Ähnlich Agk-p: Ambivalenz von scheu, zerstreut, träumerisch und ruhelos aktiv bis aggressiv + rachsüchtig wenn zu sehr verletzt; ähnlich Agk-p ängstlich mit lebhaften Alpträumen (öfters Ängste um Vergewaltigung, Homosexualität, sexuell verfolgt); Aufmerksamkeit heischend, kapriziös und egoistisch will eigenen Willen durchsetzen.
Körperlich: empfindlich Gerüche (Geruchsflashbacks); Enges nicht tolerabel; leeres Schlucken schwer, Flüssigkeit schlucken besser (Lach + Bothrops opp. feste Speisen schlucken besser als Flüssiges).
Mund + Zähne + Hautausschlag durch unterdrückten Zorn (Staph); Ulcera (z.b. ulceröse Pharyngitis o. Colitis); r. Seite, Leber; obere Luftwege, weiblicher Unterleib (< Menses; Endometriose)
Bitis o. Clotho arietans
Allen Bissen von Bitis-Arten starke Lokalsymptomatik (Schwellung, später Nekrose, schnell einsetzend Hypotonie bis Schock und Kardiotoxizität, frühzeitig einsetzende Blutungen nach Tagen rezidivierend
Aggressiv, roh und misshandelnd, ohne Rücksicht auf Gefühle der anderen; Verlangt Gesellschaft, wegen sozialer Unverträglichkeit unerfüllt.
Sehr aggressiv, heftiger Zorn bei geringstem Widerspruch; kopfloses Handeln, faul, interesse- und freudlos; Ungeschickt + Schwindel wie betrunken (mit Fallneigung) < bei Ärger; sehr materialistisch, habgiering und neidisch auf Besitz anderer; großer Hunger, Verlangt: Kaltes/Milchprodukte;
Modalitäten: > Bewegung, die aber schnell erschöpft; < morgens (Lach), wöchentlich Periodizität (Montags).
Ödeme; Schwellungen (Ext., Lymphknoten), Auftreibung (Abdomen); wässrige Blutungen.
Bothrops
lanceolatus =
Martinique-Lanzenotter/= Yellow Viper
Vergiftung: lokal häufig Blutung aus der Bißstelle, schnell Schmerz + Ödem bis zur ganzen Extremität; lokale Purpura, Nekrosebildung nur bis Subcutangewebe, frühzeitig Hypotonie bis Schock durch vasoaktive Substanzen, Arrhythmie; Verbrauchskoagulopathie mit Fibrinogenabfall; bei schwerer Intox. Nierentubulus- od. Nierenrindennekrose
Mangialavori: möchte stark, groß, exklusiv und mächtig erscheinen; kämpft (teils aggressiv o. überheblich) der Beste zu sein, insbesondere gebildet, gescheit und spirituell hoch stehend zu erscheinen. Vergleich: Lachesis + Bothrops lanceolata.
Richter: aggressiv allein an der Spitze; enthemmte Bindungsstörung mit Selbstgefährdung und plötzlicher starker Aggressivität (Kind schlägt um sich um Kontakt zu bekommen); wegen Selbstüberschätzung gefährliche Exploration mit gefährlich provokativem Verhalten;
Verführt: durch Intellektualität, Spiritualität o. einfach Aggressivität (intellektuelle/spirituelle Fassade) versucht an die Spitze zu kommen; Kind durch Provokation bis Aggression.
Hoher Leistungsdruck gegenüber sich selbst (muss der Beste, der Stärkste sein); EgoisMUS; Unterdrückt Emotionen mit plötzlichen bedrohlichen Aggressionsausbrüchen (blitzschnelle Aggression)
Symptome diagonal; Symptome halbseitig (eine Seite gesund, andere krank)
Blutungen + Thrombosen (Auge, Hemiplegie, Venen, Lungenembolie); Auge (Blutung, stark Kurzsichtig, Sehverlust).
Cerastes cerastes
Lokal Schmerz, Schwellung, Hämatom, Gewebenekrose möglich
Freundlich/nachgiebig, Schönheit und Erotik, weibliche Erotik; dies wird im pathologischen Fall behindert durch Rebellion und Starrsinn, Neid und Eifersucht
Angst wegen Herzerkrankung (Herz zusammengedrückt, wie schwach, Palpitationen); Hitzewallungen, aber Kälteempfindlich
> morgens, < Nachmittags (Bung-f)
Menses-Probleme (v.a. Blutungen); Gesicht (Akne, Verfärbung, Lähmung)
Crotalus cascavella = Crotalus durissus cascavella/= Schauer-Klapperschlange
Vergiftung: neurotoxisch, myotoxisch und stark gerinnungstoxisch
Fraser: religiös mit starker Beziehung zum Tod vor allem nachts (Angst/Vorstellungen/Träume von eigenem Tod o. dem Angehöriger); Folgen von Kummer (durch Verlust + Tod); andererseits sehr materialistisch, misstrauisch andere will Besitz wegnehmen, fühlen sich betrogen will aber Gesellschaft (opp. Crot-h will alleine sein)
Mangialavori: Themen um Tod (Ängste, Träume) und können niemandem vertrauen (andere will eigene Entfaltung verhindern); dunkle Seite wird empfunden + gezeigt als Magie, Hexe usw.
Richter: Kind fühlt sich ganz alleine und will + kann nicht alleine sein, kommt eng heran + bleibt, integriert sich gut in Gruppen (Beziehungsaufnahme über Streit), bekommt aber keinen echten Kontakt
Phantasievoll (Angstvorstellungen, bedrohliche Tiere / Gespenster), Hellsehen, hohe Empathie; Angst, Gefühl jemand ist hinter ihm (Med, Cench cont), vor Verwünschung, vor Tod von sich + Angehörigen; einseitige Paralyse, Zungen-Lähmung; schwere Sprache, Taubheit; Widerstreit von Spirituell – materialistisch, von animalischen Impulsen und Sex (teils aggressiv + pervers).
Crotalus horridus = Waldklapperschlange
Vergiftung: starke Lokalreaktion mit sofort Schmerzen, Schwellung, Ekchymosen; schmerzhafte Lymphknotenschwellung; meist Gerinnungstörungen (Blutungen und Petechien; Verbrauchskoagulopathie und Gefäßendothelschädigung, Abfall von Fibrinogen, Quick, Thrombozyten; ZNS-toxisch mit Tremor in gebissenes Glied; generalisierte Paraesthesien, Muskelfaszikulieren der Gesichtsmuskulatur, selten Rhabdomyolyse; kardial rezidivierende Episoden mit Tachykardie, Hypotonie
Fraser: fühlt sich angegriffen (von allen) und reagiert mit offen bösartig heftiger Gegenattacke o. Rückzug an ruhigen Ort, wo sie alleine sind (DD:. Lach. mehr hinterhältig verschlagen); körperlich und emotional nicht so empfindlich wie Lachesis, zeigen Emotionen ehrlicher
nach Verreibungsprüfung von Posdzech Olaf: Mißtrauen, Hass, Gewalt bis Mordlust, kalte Athmosphäre; Einsamkeit wegen Feindseligkeit gegen alle; Themen um Tod, Verlust, los lassen, Abschied nehmen; kalte Sexualität mit Beziehungsproblemen.
Richter + Mangialavori: fühlt sich isoliert alleine; fühlt sich zum Helfen verpflichtet will aber eigentlich nicht (DD.: Naja mehr zrückhaltend + schüchtern); macht alles für andere, obwohl diese die Hilfe gar nicht will und ist dann böse wenn die Hilfe nicht esthimiert wird; durch diese Bindung fühlt sich in eigener Entwicklung behindert (Bild einmischende Schwiegermutter); wegen Beziehungsstörung kann eigene Wünsche + Bedürfnisse nicht aussprechen wird dann sprachlos; hat Grundangst, dass ihm nur Schlechtes widerfährt (jeder Behandlung bringt Verschlimmerung, phantasiert lauter schlimme Unglücke); im Endstadium aufgeopfert für andere, nix dafür bekommen, ausgeblutet o. blutend aus allen Öffnungen
Verführt: durch Dienen, Unterwürfigkeit, sich Klein machen; zeigt wie nützlich man ist.
Fraser: fühlt sich angegriffen und geschlagen (DD Lach fühlt sich eingesperrt und behindert); andere sind konspirativ gegen sich gerichtet
Blutungen aus Körperöffnungen; Angst + Träume (Schreckliches passiert/Angegriffen von allen); aktives Stadium mit Redefluss und evtl. Aggression (wie andere Crotalidae), in Erschöpfung schwach, Intellekt benommen, Sprache zögernd bis verwirrt + stupid; immer sind andere schuld, gar nix hilft o. tut gut, immer Furcht vor Bösem; spricht schnell + viel o. langsam + viel und schweift vom Thema ab
(DD.: Lach.), o. spricht unter Stress gar nicht mehr; unterwürfig aber voller gestauter Wut (Narben/Wunden gehen wieder auf, Schwellungsgefühl Herz Hals).
< morgens + < im/nach Schlaf (Lach)/vor Menses (Lach)/im Frühjahr/Druck am Bauch + Hals; Schmerz + andere Beschwerden sind wechselnd, kommen + gehen plötzlich, erscheinen häufig wieder
Blutungen, Stauungs- + Einengungssymptome (Hals/Leber/Herz- Kreislauf) wie die meisten Schlangen, bei Cort-h oft im Abdomen schlechter nach Essen; Apoplex (Aphasie, Taubheitsgefühl, Lähmungen); Gelbfieber/Sepsis.
Lachesis mutans
Vergiftung: (Schwellung, Blutungen, Ekchymosen, schmerzhafte Lymphknotenschwellung später Nekrosen); für Schlangen unübliche cholinerge Wirkungen (Bauchkrämpfe, Erbrechen, Diarrhöe oft blutig, Schwitzen, Bradykardie, Hypotonie); schwere Blutgerinnungsstörungen (Verbrauchskoagulopathie)
Von allen Schlangen am deutlichsten extrovertiert, erregbar, eifersüchtig, „die bombastische, überhebliche und bestimmende Art“ der Schlangen mit überbordenden Narzissmus; „Argwohn, Eifersucht, Falschheit und Verletzungen … gespeist aus einem sozialen Defizit“, Schicksalsmäßige Verstrickung mit dem jeweiligen Streitgegnern.
Mangialvori: Lach hat o. will die beherrschende Position (führender Boss, diktatorischer Partner), dies wird (neidisch + extravagant) verteidigt mit hinterhältiger Raffinesse; Eifersucht (besitzen will) und beim Gefühl zu scheitern eine sehr destruktive, auch selbstzerstörerische Haltung; am Ende Verlassenheitsgefühl und eventuell selbstkritische Gewissenbisse, die niemanden die Autorität des Trostes erlauben (Lach kämpft dann mit sich selbst, zuvor mit den die beherrschende Position bedrohenden Personen)
Fraser + Richter: beeindruckenstes Schlangenmittel (Charisma) mit geschwätziger Selbstdarstellung; verträgt am wenigsten Einengung, Restriktion (gesellschaftliche Regeln, Vorschriften), Gefangenschaft zu kurz gekommen bei Liebe + Sex
Alle typischen Schlangenleitsymptome in übersteigerter Form wie Unverträglichkeit von Beengung, Blutungen + Hitzewallungen (vor allem nach Unterdrückung von Psyche o. Ausscheidungen), destruktiv syphilitsches Mittel;
Beschwerden einseitig (l.); < Schlaf/jeder Wechsel (Wetter/Menopause/Jahreszeit)/Sonne und aufwachen; > Absonderungen.
Destruktive, septische Prozesse (blauviolett, geschwill, ulcerös, Blutungen), Hals, Lunge, Gebärmutter, Eierstöcke, Hoden, Alkoholismus
Vipera berus
Lokal initial Schmerz innerhalb Min.; meist rasche Entstehung des Ödems + Schwellung, typische Blaulividverfärbung; Schwellung ganzes Glied bis Rumpf mögl; Lymphangitis; angioneurotisches Ödem (Zungen-, Lippenschwellung, Glottisödem; bei Hunden sehr häufig; kardial Schock, Hypotonie, Tachykardie, selten Stenokardie
Fraser: alle typischen Schlangenthemen wie Aggression, Eifersucht, Hass, Rachsucht sind vorhanden aber massiv unterdrückt, so dass diese Eigenschaften getarnt und verneint werden, und sich für freundlichsten und zufriedensten Zeitgenossen hält; bei großem Stress o. als Reaktion auf falsche Arzneiwahl kommt das wahre Schlangen-Gesicht zu Tage.
Mangialavori: will oberflächlich und unbeschwert erscheinen; verbergen der dunklen Seite (verbergen Schwere der Pathologie), wahren ihre Privatsphäre
Schwere-, Schwellungsgefühl, will platzen, bersten (Extremität, unterdrückte Emotion)
Phlebitis, tiefe Venenthrombose mit starker Schwellung (< nach unten hängen); Schwellungen (innerlich + Extremtäten), Ödeme mit blau livider Hautverfärbung; ausgedehnte Ekchymosen; ängstlich + nervös Herzgegend (arrhythmisch, Enge).
< Herabhängen Glieder; re-Seitig; verfrohren aber verlangt kalten Getränken + kaltem Essen.
Venenprobleme (Tiefe Venen-Thrombose, Venenentzündung); Leberprobleme mit Gelbsucht; Schilddrüse (Kropf)
ECHSEN
Heloderma horridum = Gilamonster;
Vergiftung. große Echse, beißt nur zur Verteidigung; normalerweise keine Todesfälle; lokal breitet sich Schmerz aus in Minuten auf ganzes Gled aus mit schnell entstehender Schwellung, Ödem und Blaufärbung; schmerzhafte Lymphangitis und Lymphknotenschwellung möglich; oft Hypotonie bis schwerer Kreislaufschock; Schwitzen, Schwindel, Übelkeit + Erbrechen, oft Schwäche, selten, Tinnitus, Thrombopenie, Musklefaszikulationen
LangSAM, will sich nicht ändern (halsstarrig/widerspenstig) und bleiben wie sie sind; versuchen andere zu zwingen sich der eigenen Langsamkeit anzupassen (ganze Welt soll sich um sie drehen und sich ihrem langsamen Rhythmus anpassen; zäh + stark leben sie (oft alleine) ihr eigenes Leben, sind körperlich + gefühlsmäßig kalt.
Eiseskälte an einzelnen Körperstellen (z.B. Zunge); große Eifersucht + Beschwerden aus Eifersucht (Ärger, Sprachstörung); langsamkeit, faul; Angst in der Dunkelheit, halsstarrig vor allem in Konfliktsituationen; wichtig ist Thema Sprache; Vorliebe Eier, sehr verfroren, bekommt aber keine Beschwerden bei Kälteexposition.
Tyrannosaurus rex = ausgestorbenen Saurier
Will Anführer sein, selbstsüchtig herrschen; wird überwältigt von plötzlichen gewalttätigen Wutanfällen (die sie fürchten und die ihnen leit tun); kämpft gegen die Vorstellung ausgelöscht zu werden (gegen Tod)
Angst in der Dunkelheit; starke Eifersucht; Krämpfe vor allem wenn wütend (Muskelkrämpfe, Hustenkrämpfe)
‡
Folgendes hat
anthroposofische Einschlüsse ‡
Snakes might be called the purest reptiles: Their 4 limbs
regressed/slither over the earth and up trees/burrow into sand/swim in the
water leglessly.
Serpentine nature accommodated itself to a tubular
body (Worms)
that has lost its limbs/snakes are deaf (lacking a middle ear).
Snakes most closely bound to the earth. Structure of
body is pronounced asymmetric. Higher snakes have only r. lung. Other organs
arranged asymmetrically (ovaries l. or r. higher than the other/similar the
other organs).
Snakes have a “swallowing disorder” (pronounced
dysphagia). Considering their darting tongue and hissing, one might say they
are characterized by “dysarthria = speech disorder“.
Snake poisons
Terrestrial venomous snakes can be divided into 3
large groups:
• true
vipers (Viperidae): clotting disorder.
• pit
vipers incl. rattlesnakes (Crotalidae), clotting disorder
• cobras,
coral snakes, mambas, etc. (Elapidae). with curare -like neurotoxins, to paralyses.
8 snake venoms are now mostly employed: Lach. Crot-h.
Crot-terrificus. Naja. Vip-b. Both. Cench. Elaps.
In remedy provings almost all snakes display an
emphasis on l. (Lach) or r. (Crot-h.)
clotting disorders (black and blue marks), swallowing
disorders and sensations of constriction in the throat region.
On the soul (“mind”) level, there are indications for
“loquacity” (Lach.)/as for a quiet, withdrawn state and aphasia (Crot-h.
Both.). With these (and other) symptoms, snake venoms produce an “ideal image”
of stroke.
Gliedmaßenbewegung
= Eintauchen des Ichs in Geistigkeit der Welt. Ausgang = Nervensystem
Als
Bewusstseinsorganisation, taucht im Blut ein und geht über das Herz (=
Grenzorgan) zur Gliedmaßen.
Schlange kann nicht im Geistigem eintauchen,
bleibt irdisch-begierdenhaft. Sie = Verdauungsschlauch +
Nervensystem/hat kein Hörorgan/fängt Beute mit Geruchsorgan. Sie scheidet
keinen Ur-ac aus. Fehlgesteuerte Gedankenflut im Mensch = Gedankenflut +
Geschwätzigkeit. Erlebnisse = fixiert + nicht verarbeitet. Schlangen
unterstützen seelische Aufarbeitung
Schlangen scheiden
reines Ur-ac aus/höhere Tieren können Ur-ac abbauen/Mensch kann nur teilweise
abbauen/braucht Ur-ac zum logischem Denken
Gliedmaßenbewegung
(kann sich nur durch absetzen bewegen) = Eintauchen des Ichs in Geistigkeit der
Welt. Ausgang = Nervensystem als Bewusstseinsorganisation, taucht im Blut ein
und geht über das Herz (= Grenzorgan) zur Gliedmaßen. Schlange kann sich nicht
im Geistigem eintauchen, bleibt irdisch-begierdenhaft. Sie = Verdauungsschlauch
+ Nervensystem. Sie hat kein Hörorgan/fängt Beute mit Geruchsorgan. Sie
scheidet keinen Ur-ac. aus. Die fehlgesteuerte Harnsäurestoffwechsel =
Gedankenflut + Geschwätzigkeit. Erlebnissen = fixiert + nicht verarbeitet.
Schlangen unterstützen seelische Aufarbeitung.
Frei nach: Friedwart Husemann, M.D.
Lach. feels
uneasy/cannot bear tight-fitting bands (collars/belts/brassieres). It is not
uncommon for them to feel that there is excess pressure inside. > Discharges
which may be said to relieve that pressure (headache > with the onset of
menses). Symptoms mostly l. sided. Lach. addresses the heart, just as more
r.-sided drugs tend to address the liver.
Aggravation
from sleep is an important Lach. keynote. Patients go to bed in a condition
that is bearable and wake up with dreadful palpitations, headache, and
paresthesia of the arms. 'Sleeps into the aggravation' is thus indicative of
the drug. Concerning the psychology, 'loquacity' is a common sign. An
exaggerated desire to communicate denotes a certain lack of stability.
<
heat/sun/hot room. Often proved life-saving in serious septic conditions.
What do the
following five symptoms represent?
-constriction
-l.-sidedness
-< from sleep
-loquacity
-< from heat
With these
(and other) symptoms, snake venoms produce an “ideal image” of stroke.
Reptilia:
Snakes, lizards, turtles and crocodiles all belong to the class of Reptilia.
They are poikilothermic (= have variable body temperature) like the amphibians,
but the embryo is surrounded by an amnion, and as in the birds, the eggs are laid on
land and no longer depend on a watery environment; instead they have a
calcareous shell. Birds and reptiles both produce egg shells.
Despite the relationship, birds seem the
opposite of snakes in many respects.
Snakes are
out-and-out reptiles. The 4 limbs disappeared and are legless; progress on the
ground and in trees with sinuous twisting movements, burrow in the sand, and
sometimes swim in water.
Snakes like
to stay in one place, occupying the same familiar territory for years on end.
Essentially, therefore, snakes have narrowed their habitat to a fixed point on
earth; they have narrowed down their bodies so that they have become a limbless
tube.
In plant
terms we might say that snakes have concentrated on the stem principle.
Snakes are
deaf, having no middle ear. (Snake charmers achieve their ends not through
music but because of the movements they make). These animals therefore lack the
mobile inner part of the ear and the 4 limbs = the outer and the inner mobility
that is part of musicality. Music becomes dance in the movement of the limbs.
This is probably also the reason why the sinuous twisting movements of snakes
look so unpleasant to us; they lack both music and harmony.
Snakes, on
the other hand, have remained poikilothermic. Snakes have an incomplete septum.
All in all,
snakes show regression of limbs, narrowing down to a tubelike body that is all
trunk, limitation to a restricted habitat, and exclusion from the whole world
of sound (which represents a narrowing down in comparison with birds).
Birds, on
the other hand, take the limb principle to the extreme, with the anterior limbs
developed into wings to produce the airfoils that permit them to fly.
Migrating
birds circle the whole globe, covering thousands of kilometers year after year.
In plant
terms we might say birds represent the leaf principle with their wings; they
have expanded into the world around them and indeed made the whole earth their
habitat.
Address to
our sense of music. Bird song is something unique in the world of nature.
Just as the
rose or the lily is the culmination of plant life and comes close to being a
work of art, nature presents the art of music in the song of birds (some are
able to imitate human speech).
The flight
of birds on the other hand is something sublime; a certain awe is felt as the
eye follows the strange V-shaped form of a flight of cranes in the sky. The
beat of the wings forms a wave as it passes further back the line and in this
one experience the common breath that guides individual birds the way a
conductor does a symphony.
Among the
Sauropsida, birds have anticipated development in so far as they are already
homeothermic like mammals. Once again they are slightly overdoing things,
however, for they do not attain to the 'proper level' of 37° C. Compared to
human beings they may be said to have a fever all the time, their body
temperature being in the range of 41 - 44° C, depending on the species.
Birds
accordingly have a completely separate l. and r. heart. Birds conquer all
dimensions of space in their flight.
Taking
snakes and birds together, it would seem that the snakes forewent music
entirely in their organization so that the birds might have it. Surely the
price we pay for the admiration we feel for birds is the repugnance we might
experience when we look at a snake.
Similarity Between the Picture Presented in
Nature and the Drug Picture
Snakes are
evidence of nature's power to narrow down the expansiveness that is
characteristic of birds.
Lach.
becomes like this when they feel constricted, symptoms > from discharges
that relieve the constriction. This may be seen as a first link between the
powers of nature that have produced snakes in the outside world, and the
medicinal powers that snake venom develop within human beings.
The long
body form of snakes is responsible for one-sidedness in other respects. Snakes
having rudiments of a shoulder and a pelvic girdle (thus indicating their
relationship to 4-footed animals) have both r. and l. lung.
Higher
snakes don’t have even the rudiments of limbs and no l. lung. In humans, the l.
lung has 2 lobes while the r. lung has 3 (l. lung shows a degree of
regression). Compared to humans, the extreme to be seen in snakes is that the
heart is entirely limited to the l. side of the body and the lung to the r. The
actual situation is that the 2 organs extend lengthways in front, beside and
behind one another, but compared to the human anatomy the aforesaid may
nevertheless be said to be true. It immediately explains the l.-sidedness of
Lach. and the connection with the heart.
Snakes have
to move horizontally on the ground because they have no legs. No other animal
shows the horizontal direction of the animal backbone as clearly as a snake
does. Human beings on the other hand have assumed the vertical position, though
this applies only when they are in daytime consciousness. In sleep, human
beings, too, must assume the horizontal position of the animal backbone. In
sleep, humans are in the same position as snakes. Hence the characteristic
symptom '< from sleep', 'sleeps into the aggravation'.
Snake Venom
So far we have
limited ourselves to the things snakes have had to give up compared to other
animals: legs/ears/l. lung. What do snakes gain from all those regressions?
Mainly
venom production. Snake venoms are highly complex proteins. They are produced
in oral and parotid salivary
glands and injected into the victim through poison fangs.
The method
of application is important, for taken by the oral route snake venoms are
nontoxic, being digested just like other proteins.
Mineral
poisons are toxic if taken by the oral route, as are plant poisons, though the
latter are chemically more complex. Animal poisons are usually highly complex
proteins, and generally speaking, their chemical structure is not yet fully
known (which indicates their complex nature). Wasps, bees and scorpions inject
their venom. The sting is carried on the abdomen. Spiders carry their poison
apparatus in the mouth region. These insects are worlds away from humans in
terms of any relationship. Snakes, being vertebrates, are the venom producers
closest to humans. Toads have their venom in the skin, snakes carry it in the
mouth.
The poison
apparatus reaches maximum perfection in the most highly developed snakes
(Lach). The poison fang does not merely have a groove, as in the lower venomous
snakes, but is like a hypo.mic needle, so that the venom is really injected.
All the other teeth in the upper jaw have become rudimentary, leaving only the
poison fang and its replacements. This can be raised and made to stand forward.
1. the snake merely injects its victim with the
venom.
2. pursues the animal until it collapses,
3. swallows it whole, without biting or
chewing.
The
poisoning process is one of predigestion: animals that have not been previously
injected with venom take much longer to digest. The poison fang thus also takes
on the function that normally consists in chewing. The skeleton of a snake's
head is highly mobile, and this applies particularly to the bones of the mouth.
This mobility reaches its maximum in venomous snakes where the upper jaw
carrying the poison fang can be tilted forward by an angle of 90°. Thus we see
what snakes have gained in losing their limbs: teeth have become highly mobile
organs of motion in two respects, 1st in outer mobility and 2nd through the
poison fang becoming the efferent duct of a gland.
Let us
return to comparison with birds. Something quite different comes to expression
in a dry beak opened in song than in venomous saliva ejected through a tooth.
These are serious matters, yet there is a certain humour to the way they
present in the drug picture. The keynote 'loquacity', the exaggerated desire to
communicate shown by Lach., needs to be seen in this context, for the snake
carries its venom in the mouth. We may also connect the symptom of excessive
loquacity with the improvement from discharges that has already been mentioned.
A Lach. migraine may improve with the onset of menses, and the same patient
relieves the excess pressure in her soul through the ceaseless flow of talk.
When a snake discharges venom this, too, is like using a safety valve for the
many restrictions and economies that these animals have taken upon them.
The Pit as a Sence Organ for Heat
Snakes have
an extraordinarily acute sense of smell which they hunt. Pit vipers (Lach.)have
an additional organ, the 'pit'. This is a hollow space between nose and eye
that is covered with a thin, slightly depressed, membrane. Cross section
through the pit of a pit viper: a) maxilla, b) inner chamber, c) outer chamber,
d) membrane, e) canal and sphincter, f) eye.
The
membrane is only 1/100 mm in thickness but has a rich supply of nerve endings
(1000/mm²) deriving from the 5th trismegenius cranial nerve. The pits enable
the snake to perceive the heat radiated by its prey. Temperature differences as
small as 0.003° C will cause nerve stimulation, and a pit viper is able to
perceive the heat radiating from the palm of a human hand at a distance of half
a meter. The most highly developed venomous snakes have a sense organ for heat
that has no equal in the animal kingdom. The structure has some similarity to
the primitive cup-like eyes of some lower animals, but an better comparison is
with the ear drum and tympanic cavity. There, too, a sensitive membrane is
stretched over a cavity or pit. The middle ear that is lacking in all other
snakes has re-emerged as an organ for the perception of heat in the pit vipers.
These snakes therefore show the great sensitivity to heat that also appears in
the drug picture of Lach.: '< from heat' ('does not tolerate heat in any
form' 'climacteric hot flushes').
From Drug Picture to Drug Intuition
The 5
cardinal symptoms we have been discussing show a striking similarity to the
special physiological features of snakes. Up to this point, therefore, our
approach has consisted in explaining the drug picture on the basis of what
presents in nature. Those symptoms (constriction, l.sidedness, < from sleep,
loquacity, < from heat) are pathological in humans but physiological in
snakes. 'Every animal, if we consider it in the r. way, is a disease in human
beings. In the animal the disease may be said to be normal'. So far we have
considered human pathology in connection with the snake. We do not have to stop
at this, however. Birds, the opposite of snakes, also represent a particular
pathological process in that their physiological temperature is 41- 44° C.
Snakes are in opposition to this 'bird pathology' and thus become medicinal in
this respect. At this point, therapeutic action is no longer motivated by
empirical observation but by thought, and that is 'drug intuition'. It is
evident that homeopathic drug pictures as well as anthroposophical drug
intuitions are open to rational explanation.
Birds
enhance the heat process to one of continuous fever: they are always giving off
heat and this makes them homeothermic, like humans.
Birds are
environment-orientated; their migrations circle the whole globe.
Snakes, on
the other hand, are poikilothermic and have a limited habitat; their sense of
heat is concentrated in a pit between nose and eye.
Birds
essentially appear to relate to a spreading, actively produced heat principle
involving passive perception.
Venomous
snakes thus represent the essence of a natural power that contracts the heat
principle, localizing it in a single organ. As physicians we utilize this
natural power when we give Lach. in the treatment of febrile diseases. Patients
who have a fever enter into bird nature, as it were, and this has to be
countered with the essential nature of venomous snakes, so that the human being
can freely find his own level somewhere between the excessive heat production
of birds and excessive passive heat perception of snakes.
The Upright Serpent
When a
patient's fever is healed with snake venom, a balance is established between
feverish bird nature and poisonous snake nature; this balance could not be
achieved unless there was disease, or in other words the human being. The snake
which in nature progresses horizontally is able to heal the human being with
its venom; it thus attains to the upr. position in the human being. Or else we
may say that the medicinal action helps the human being from his horizontal
sick bed to the vertical position. Such a view gives a new understanding of ancient
symbols. Moses set up a brazen serpent in the desert, and anyone who looked on
that serpent did not die of the bite of the fiery serpents. Since then,
however, evolution has progressed, as is also evident in this particular case.
When human beings fall ill they assume the characteristics of a process in
outer nature. A successful healing process, on the other hand, means that a
certain natural process (e.g. snake venom) assumes human characteristics. Every
process in nature therefore reveals a gesture full of healing intent for man.
We see signs here of a macrocosmic human being who is poured out in nature and
holds all healing principles within him. This is the world's redeemer who said
to Nicodemus: 'And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so
must the Son of man be lifted up: That whosoever believeth in him should not
perish, but have eternal life.' (John 3. 14-15). In Moses' day, the upr.
serpent was a brazen one and the fiery serpents could kill. Since the
turning-point of time the upr. serpent has itself become a symbol of healing
that will tame the fire and can show us the way from the pathological symptoms
in human beings to the healing principles in nature.
Frei nach: Otto Leeser, M.D., Ph.D.
There is no
need here to pursue the many myths on serpents from the days of Adam and Eve
through the ages. Not all of them are concerned with venomous snakes, witness
the classical statue of Laocoon and his two sons strangled by huge serpents.
The more primitive ophidians like the Boidae (Boa constrictor) use sheer
muscular force against their victims. The venomous snakes are more highly
specialized. In view of the mo.n medicinal use of snake venoms it is a strange
fact that, since Asclepios' times, they have signified the two aspects of the pharmacon
as potential poisons or remedies. The snake winding itself around the caduceus
(= Merkurstab) and pouring its poison into a recipient vessel has become the
symbol for the power of the physician: inimical forces are tamed to heal.
Among the
approximately 400 species considered to be venomous, only a few are found in
our materia medica: Lach., Crot-h. and Naja tripudians (= Naja naja). Other
species of Crotalus (Central American Crotalus durissus terrificus and the
S.American Crotalus terrificus terrificus under the name of Crot-c.), Both-l.
(= Bothrops atrox), 3 species of the genus Vip-b., Vip-r. and V. Russellii),
Agkistrodon mokeson under the name of Cenchris contortrix, and lastly Elaps
corallinus are still of minor importance.
These few represent
the most poisonous families fairly well.
Though
there is incomplete conformity with regard to the zoological classification and
nomenclature, it is significant that the development of the poison-apparatus
has been adopted as a morphological criterion for broad classification
(formation of teeth or fangs).
Not used in
homeopathy: Aglyphodonta (which cannot inoculate venom into their victim/have
no grooved teeth) and the Opistoglyphodonta (possess grooved teeth in the
posterior mouth serving as grinders.
The two
venomous families in the stricter sense:
1.
Proteroglyphodonta with two small grooved fangs firmly implanted in the front
of the maxilla = land-snake family of Elapidae (Naja./Elaps.)
2. the
Solenoglyphodonta with the families Crotalidae (genera Crotalus, Agkistrodon,
Bothrops, Lach.) and Viperidae (genus Vipera).
The
Solenoglyphodonta are the most highly specialized, their two fangs are large,
slightly curved and hollow, they inject the poisonous secretion of their
supralabial salivary glands, as it were, through a hypo.mic needle. In this
they are aided by the mobility of the fangs and the jaws, and the synchronized
action of several muscles which instantaneously evacuate the salivary glands
through the ducts and the tubes of the fangs.
There is no
doubt that the counterpart of the morphological evolution is also found on the
biochemical level, in the composition of the venoms of the different families
and species. The general statement that the venoms of the Elapidae are more
neurotoxic, while those of the Crotalidae and Viperidae interfere more strongly
with the blood cells and the blood coagulation, is to be considered only as a
first estimate. In spite of intense research into the chemical nature of
venoms, only some glimpses have as yet been obtained. This is not surprising in
view of the fact that dry snake venoms have been found to consist of up to 92%
protein. The protein (or at least polypeptide) nature of the active principles
is confirmed by a mass of immunological phenomena; they can act as antigens,
i.e., they are able to form antibodies when directly injected into the
circulating body-fluids of an unrelated species. The immunizing sera thus
obtained show a high degree of specificity against that particular venom.
From
numerous cross-experiments in this field two deductions can be safely made.
1st: venoms
of closely related snakes have similar antigenic composition and, since the
antigenic proteins are the active principles, the toxic effects, too, are
similar. To some extent such cross-reactions appear even to transcend the class
of reptiles altogether, as partial immunization by snake anti-venins against
scorpion venoms has been observed. This would indicate that so widely distant
types of animals have some active principles of proteinaceous nature in common.
2nd: each
venom is a complex of a number of active principles of antigenic character. At
least ten antigens are attributed to the venom of Naja.
Between two
species of vipers (Vip-r. and Echis, the saw-scaled viper) at least five
cross-reacting antigens have been found. This is, however, not to say that the
different antigenic properties are due to so many separate protein-molecules,
but rather to distinct active groups on the agglomerate macromolecules. At the
present stage of knowledge the various names of these active principles denote
merely the kind of effect they have on parts of another organism.
Any foreign
protein which gets into the blood-lymph stream by eluding degradation through
digestive enzymes constitutes a "poison" and the organism will
protect itself against it by a very specific reaction of its globulins =
formation of antibodies. In the course of this adaptive process anaphylactic
and allergic phenomena are known to occur under certain circumstances. The antigen-antibody
reactions represent, in a way, only the spearhead of defensive activities. When
in allergic conditions they produce symptoms, these are in the main stereotyped
in that they indicate either spasms of involuntary muscles or changes in the permeability
of the vessels. According to present theories they are due to the liberation of
histamine-like substances from certain cells in the course of the
immune-reaction. From our point of view, such syndromes lack distinctiveness,
they do not suffice to distinguish the actions of one agent from those of
another. For that purpose they have to be supplemented by methodical provings.
On the other hand, such allergic syndromes demonstrate the action of such an
"allergens" to be a systemic one. Thus Hering was quite r. when he
incorporated the symptoms which appeared while he was triturating the venom of
Lach., into the list of its symptoms.
Recently,
Stanic described the allergenic properties of the venom of Vip-a. Scraping dry
venom from petri dishes he became sensitized by the dust, so he was seized by
1. sneezing, profuse nasal discharge lasting for hours, and attacks of
coughing. He tried to desensitize himself by injecting 0.00001 g. subcut. into
the forearm. The dose proved far too strong, since several minutes later 2.
urticaria, retrosternal pain and dyspnea appeared; 3. swelling of the tongue
made speech difficult, 4. a heavy asthmatic coughing attack occurred; the
forearm gradually got swill up to the fingers.
After a
dose of 1:1.000.000 the reaction was milder and after another one of the same
strength very mild. Ten days later he experienced only mo.ate sneezing from the
dust, and coughing with retrosternal oppression. 8 months later all the
previous symptoms returned! In order to desensitize himself, he injected
0.000004 g. intradermally and had the same reactions as on the first occasion,
but to a somewhat milder degree. Another chemist suffered for months from
asthma owing to the dust of the venom in the laboratory, so that he could no
longer work in the place.
By way of
such experience the objection that snake venoms, given orally, are ineffective
is refuted (= widerlegt).
After 130
yrs of using the potentized venoms in Homeopathy, there is hardly any need for
such confirmation. It is true that the venoms in their concentrated state do
not pass the intact mucosa and if disintegrated by digestive enzymes become
harmless. But when dispersed as minute particles, and the more thoroughly
dispersed the better, they enter the lymph-spaces and produce symptoms.
To those
engaged in the study of enzymes it is familiar that these proteins develop
their specific effects only if sufficiently dispersed. The oral administration
of potentized venoms would thus appear to be equivalent to the injection of a
highly dispersed solution. Although for the snake it is natural to inject its
venom into its prey or enemies through the fangs, it is not particularly
biological to inject potencies, nor is it necessary. Only when massive doses
are used on general diagnoses, such as epilepsy or carcinoma, does parenteral
administration seem justified.
The use of
snake venoms in these types of disease had had its vogue, but nowadays one
hears little of it. More recently Sanders, Akin, and Soret have used neurotoxoids (prepared with
hydrogen peroxide as detoxifying agent) of Naja and Crotalus species for
checking experimental poliomyelitis in rhesus monkeys. The common affinity of
virus and venom for the central nervous system appears to have suggested these
experiments. It is of interest to note that only when small amounts of toxoid
were used, as late as the fifth day after the intracerebral injection of virus,
interference with the infection could be achieved.
As
constituents of the saliva of the snakes, the venoms have the function of
initiating and facilitating the digestion of animal tissues. The proteins of
the venoms must therefore, at least partly, be classified as digestive enzymes. Snakes devour their victims whole
without breaking them up first. No wonder that these strong enzymes are highly
toxic for the victims. The horrifying consequences of snake bites have made a
profound impression on men.
If certain
proteins of the venoms are distinguished by the epithet "toxin," such
as neurotoxin and cardiotoxin, this does not mean that their action is not
enzymatic. They may not be digestive enzymes, since their primary function
could be to paralyze or kill the prey; but their rapid and strong effects are
considered to be due to their interference with vital enzyme-systems of the
animal's organism, the proteinaceous "toxins" acting as anti-enzymes.
After all, the names are merely provisional, as long as the structural
configuration of the agent is unknown; they indicate no more than the main direction
of the actions (neuro-/cardio-/haemo-toxin) of isolated fractions of the whole
biological complex of the venom. The names of enzymes acquire a fuller meaning
the more precisely their mode of action is understood.
With the
progress of biochemical research such terms as proteolysins, cytolysis
(including hemolysins and neurocytolysins), coagulins and anticoagulins are
replaced by terms denoting the particular enzymes which catalyze the pertinent
actions.
Following
enzymes have been recognized in snake venoms:
proteinases, decompose proteins: one proteinase
is assumed in snake venoms/principal one appears to be similar to trypsin, but
is not identical with it/decomposition of proteins by these powerful enzymes is
apparently the first step in the poisoning process of snake bites. The signs
and symptoms at the site of the bite (pain, swelling, blood extravasation and
necrosis) are due to this parenteral digestion.
Not all
snake venoms cause this local inflammation and necrosis, Crotalidae and
Viperidae more so than the Elapidae (Naja causes some pain and swelling).
Further the proteinases interfere with the globulins and the fibrinogen of the
plasma. From the globulins a hypotensive substance, bradykinin, appears to be
set free. The extreme prostration with cold perspiration soon after the bite of
Lach. and Crot-h. may be attributed to the sudden lowering of the blood
pressure. The action of proteinases on fibrinogen manifests itself in the final
stage of blood coagulation, the transformation of fibrinogen into fibrin. This
process is generally recognized as proteolytic. Like thrombin, the proteinases
of snake venoms activate fibrinogen by splitting off a part of the molecule
and, in the presence of calcium ions, a rapid polymerization to fibrin then takes
place. The structure of the fibrin clot seems not the same as that from
thrombin. Most, but not all, of the venoms of Crotalidae and Viperidae promote
blood clotting. In some instances the venom proteinase appears to act so
rapidly on the fibrinogen that it is decomposed and cannot form a fibrin clot.
The venom is then an anti-coagulant. Furthermore, these venoms interfere also
with the preceding stage of blood coagulation, the formation of prothrombin and
its conversion to thrombin.
5- nucleotidase specifically dephosphorylates
adenosin-5-phosphate: may well be responsible for the powerful inhibition of
cell-respiration seen from snake venoms, through decomposing the
enzyme-apparatus (mitochondria!) of the cells; but nothing definite is known.
phospholipase A splits off an unsaturated fatty
acid from lecithin and cephalin/seems to have the most deleterious systemic
effect. It was first called lecithinase A because it splits a fatty acid off
lecithin A, but as it does the same with another phospholipid, cephalin, the
name phospholipase A is now preferred. For a better understanding of its
action, the formulae of lecithin and cephalin may be recalled:
hyaluronidase which hydrolyzes the
polysaccharide hyaluronic acid/enzymes found in snake venoms, as in venomous
secretions and tissue extracts of many other animals, are not particularly
toxic by themselves, but they facilitate the penetration of other toxic
substances into the system. They are what used to be called the "spreading
factor". By splitting the mucopolysaccharide hyaluronic acid (similar to
heparin and chondroitin-sulfuric acid) apparently a normal tissue-protection is
removed. The hyaluronidases are antigenic. As the anti-viper sera do not
neutralize the spreading effect of the venom of Elapidae, the hyaluronidases of
those two series appear to be different.
acetylcholinesterase which hydrolyzes
acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid. may play a part, though probably
not a decisive one, in the action of some venoms on the neuro-muscular system;
it is in this respect suggestive that the enzyme has been found only in venoms
of the neurotoxic Elapidae and not in those of the Viperidae.
l-aminoacid-oxidase: need not be considered
here, because no toxic effects are known of this enzyme, nor are they to be
expected. Its action seems to be correlated to riboflavin which appears to be
present in many snake venoms and to be responsible for their yellow color.
Phospholipase
A: Cephalin [found in all (living cells (in human physiology it is in nervous
tissue: white matter of brain, nerves, neural tissue, in spinal cord. Lecithin
is the principal phospholipid in animals, cephalin is the principal one in
bacteria] differs from lecithin only by having colamine in the place of
choline. Phospholipase A does not catalyze other phospholipids, but only the
two derived from glycerol, lecithin and cephalin. Splits off the unsaturated
fatty acid and thereby produces lysolecithin and lysocephalin. It is
conceivable that the selective permeability of cell membranes will be
thoroughly altered by this. Indeed, the lysophosphatides produced by the enzyme
have a strong lytic effect not only on the red blood corpuscles, but also on
other cells. The terms of hemolysin and cytolysis can, at the present stage of knowledge
and in respect of snake venoms, be replaced by phospholipase A. The enzyme
shows antigenic properties and is inhibited by snake venom sera.
Not only
erythrocytes but also leukocytes are broken up by phospholipases, and
leukopenia and even agranulocytosis may ensue. The phospholipid content of
leukocytes on the whole runs parallel to their phagocytic activities. This
makes such features of the effects of Crotalidae venoms (Lach. and Crot-h.), as
the lack of "pus bonum" = Eiter and the poor healing tendency of
necrotic-hemorrhagic ulcers more easily understood. Since the cephalin
constituent of the blood platelets appears to be the carrier of the enzyme
thrombokinase which activates prothrombin to form thrombin, the phospholipases
may also interfere with this first stage of blood coagulation. Destruction of
thrombokinase would lead to retarded coagulation and a tendency to bleeding,
features well-known in the syndrome (Crot-h.).
The
phospholipase content of the venom of Crot-c. has been found to be very high.
In Bothrops species, on the other hand, the phospholipase content was low,
their venom is strongly coagulant.
This action
is generally attributed to proteolytic enzymes, not only on fibrinogen, as
mentioned above, but also on prothrombin. According to H. Eagle, the Bothrops
venoms in extremely low concentrations, convert prothrombin to thrombin and
thus set going the coagulation mechanism. The varying proportions of
proteinases (acting on fibrinogen and/or on prothrombin) and phospholipases obviously
have a profound influence on the syndromes of the different species (Crotalidae
and Viperadae). In the Elapidae interference with blood coagulation is much
less prominent.
It should
be mentioned that lately a useful test for snake (and bee's) venoms has been
developed from the action of their phospholipases on egg yolk emulsions, the
heat coagulability of which is inhibited. The retardation of the coagulation is
measured.
The
phospholipases (probably in collaboration with the 5-nucleotidase, as mentioned
above, inactivate further physiological enzymes in the tricarbon (or
"citric acid") cycle of intermediary cell metabolism, thus
interfering with end-oxidation. Particularly the succinodehydrase is known to
be inhibited. Such inhibition of dehydrases has been seen from concentrations
of snake venom of 1:50 billion (10 -13 to 10 -14), while with a concentration
of 1:1 million (10-6) inhibition was complete. Crystallized lecithinase A has
been allowed to act on mitochondria of liver cells which are known to have a
high turnover in phospholipids, and inhibition of the oxidation of succinic
acid was then seen. The dehydrases of the so-called cyclophorase system are
attached to the mitochondria; the lecithin probably binds the enzymes to the
mitochondria. In view of the discussion to follow, it may be recalled that
succinodehydrase has a thiol-(SH-) group on which its enzymatic activity
apparently depends.
Of special
import are the phospholipases for the action of venoms on the nerve system, the
neuraxis as well as the medullary sheaths (= Hüllen) of the peripheral nerves.
There the cephalins are known to prevail over the lecithins. When peripheral
nerves degenerate, the cephalins are the first to decompose. The neurotoxic
principles of snake venoms have generally been termed neurotoxins, but may now
be described more precisely as phospholipases, especially cephalinases,
decomposing cephalins to lysocephalins. Since Slotta and Fraenkel-Conrat
obtained from the venom of Crotalus terrificus terrificus a uniform protein in
quadratic, thin, tabular crystals, which they called "crotoxin," it
seems established that the neurotoxic activity, too, is due to phospholipases.
The neurotoxic and the (in Crotalus venoms prevailing) hemotoxic actions were
found to have the same proportions in the crystalline "crotoxin" as
in the crude venom. The fact that crotoxin was free of coagulating principles
appears significant. The proportion to which proteolytic enzymes are present in
a particular venom may well have a bearing on whether the hemotoxic or the
neurotoxic actions of the proteinic enzyme phospholipase predominate; but other
directive conditions, as yet unknown, also may play their part. In the Naja
naja (tripudians) venom, long recognized as chiefly neurotoxic, Slotta and Fraenkel-Conrat
significantly found practically no coagulant nor proteolytic action.
From the
quantitative point of view, experimental results with the venom of Vip-a. are
of interest. The addition of 1:1.000 to 1:5.000 concentrations of venom
shortened the time of coagulation of recalcified plasma. With concentrations
between 1:1.0000 and 1:5.0000 the time of coagulation dropped to a minimum
level. Further dilutions of the same venom resulted in a new increase of the
coagulation time, finally reaching a plateau value which corresponded to the
coagulation time observed in the absence of venom. There was thus an optimal
effect as to acceleration of plasma-clotting in the range of 10 -5, 10 -6.
Lecithin is glycerol of which 2 OH-groups are esterified by fatty acids (the
2nd one being unsaturated). The 3rd OH-group is esterified with phosphoric acid
and this in turn with choline.
Sarkar has
separated an active principle from Naja naja venom which has an affinity to
muscle and particularly that of the heart; he has called it "cardiotoxin“.
Injected intravenously into cats this "cardiotoxin" caused a sharp
fall in blood pressure.
Anima, Devi
and Sarkar observed an increased systole and diastole of the heart when it was
per-fused with a solution of Naja venom of a concentration 1:50.000 to
1:10.000, while with a concentration of 1:400 to 1:300 the heart went into
final systolic contracture. In view of the in homeopathy familiar cardiac
syndrome of Naja these finds are noteworthy.
The
relation of this fraction to the other toxic proteins, though, remains to be
clarified.
From the
venom of Crot-c. another protein has been separated and, on account of its
basic properties, has been called "crotamine“. Other Crotalus species do
not appear to contain crotamine. If that should be confirmed, one would have to
make a greater distinction between Crot. horridus and Crot. cascavella than is
usually done. The characteristic effect of crotamine is said to be a paralysis
of the posterior extremities in mice. As the crotamine has been separated from
crotoxin by electrophoresis, it may well be that, in the natural protein
complex, the two neurotropic polypeptides are combined.
By and
large, these are the relevant facts so far revealed by biochemical analysis of
the various venoms. Obviously the relative amounts of the different enzymes in
the complex venom of each species will determine the trend of the toxic
effects. Though by their nature the snake venoms manifest certain common
features when acting on the human organism, contrasts between families are
evident, as between Elapidae (neuro-muscular and cardiac affinities
predominate/the inflammatory, necrotic, hemorrhagic and coagulant signs are
practically absent) on the one hand and Crotalidae and Viperidae (=
inflammatory/necrotic/hemorrhagic/coagulant). Nor must the time factor in the
development of the syndromes be overlooked. Though Naja, for instance, may have
hemolytic actions, they are overtaken by those on nerve centers and the heart.
Closer examination reveals toxicological differences between genera of the same
family and even between species of the same genus. At this point the need for
distinctive symptoms and modalities arises, as they are ascertained by
systematic provings and then sifted, confirmed and emphasized by experience.
These pointers to the "simile" in an individual case have to be
elaborated as specifically as possible, they should permit discrimination not
only between drugs from different species of snakes, but also from others that
may have more or less features in common with snake venoms. For the
symptomatology of a patient does not generally lead to the conclusion that the
appropriate remedy has to be found among the snake venoms, but the last choice
may be between snake venoms and minerals or plants.
Antidotiert
von: Chol. counteracts action saponins/venom of bees, spiders or snakes.
Schlangen können nicht
hören + wenig sehen, jagen durch Geruchssinn + Wahrnehmen von Bewegungen (‡ = Wahrnehmungssinn ‡)
Schlange,
Kundalini, Uroboros Das
Traumbild einer schwarz-weiß gefärbten Schlange, die zusammengerollt im Kreis
daliegt und vom Träumer keine Notiz nimmt, weist auf ein bedeutendes
Spiralsymbol.
Reisgöttin = Devis ris (Bali), entstanden aus Schlangenei. Sie verteidigt ihre Ehre und ihre Körper fällt auseinander in Reiskörner.
Adam = Schutz gegen
Schlangen/Feuer/Gift/Krankheit/Dieben/Flut/Dämonen/Geisteskrankheit/Untreue/Feigheit.
Medusa Schlange (hat Schlangen am Kopf statt Haaren)/Drachen Göttinnen
Kundalini
entspricht der Schlange Ananta, die sich um die Basis der "axis
mundi", des Weltenbaumes (siehe hierzu
"Der Baum wächst gen Himmel"), ringelt. Sie ist assoziiert mit den
Hindugöttern Vishnu und Shiva und symbolisiert zyklische Ausdehnung und
Kontraktion. Ananta trägt auch die Welt und garantiert ihre Stabilität.
Im Symbol
des Uroboros (ouroburos = Schwanzfresser, aus griech. our = Schwanz u. boros =
gefräßig), der Schlange, die in ihren eigenen Schwanz beißt, stützt und
beschützt sie die Welt, in dem sie einen ungebrochenen Kreis bildet, der ein
Auseinanderfallen verhindert. Das Bild symbolisiert das zyklische Werden und
Zurückkehren, die wiederkehrende Selbstbefruchtung, den ewigen Kreislauf von
Leben und Sterben, dem samsara o. Rad der Wiedergeburten. Weiter ist es die
Ehe, Vereinigung der chthonischen Welt, repräsentiert in der Schlange, und dem
Himmel, dargestellt im Kreis. Eine Bestätigung dieser Interpretation scheinen
Darstellungen zu sein, in denen der Uroboros mit schwarzen und weißen Anteilen
wie im obigen Traum abgebildet ist, das entspräche der Vereinigung
komplementärer Gegensätze wie Himmel und Erde, Tag und Nacht, Yang und Yin. In
psychologischer Sicht ist der Uroboros das ursprüngliche Enthaltensein des Ich
im Unbewussten.
Jeremy
Narby (2001) entwickelt und belegt die Idee, dass die mythischen
Schlangen-/Drachendarstellungen das Wissen um die DNA ausdrücken, dass
schamanistische Visionen bis zur Molekularebene gelangen können.
The missing of extremities enables them to have flowing movements of
which no other earth bound animal is capable. It is a wave-like movement There
are even swimming or flying snakes!
Bringen Veränderung hervor, ist aber nicht anpassungsfähig
Sind Botschafter des Außerirdische/Regenbringer
Apophis = Gott der Dunkelheit im Menschengestalt
Medusa hat Angst EINflößende Kopf mit Schlangen als Haaren + der Blick versteinert/
Urt (d)=
Schlangen-/= Bienengift/= Histamin-ähnlich ‡
Bringen Veränderung hervor, ist aber nicht anpassungsfähig
Sind Botschafter des Außerirdische/Regenbringer
Apophis = Gott der Dunkelheit im Menschengestalt
Medusa hat Angst EINflößende Kopf mit Schlangen als Haaren + der Blick versteinert/= Schwarze Göttin/= schwarzen (= loslassende) Aspekt der Artemis.
Midgardschlange umfängt die Welt.
Vorwort/Suchen Zeichen/Abkürzungen Impressum