Fossiliengruppe
https://www.chemieunterricht.de/dc2/fossil/f-legenden.htm
Vergleich: Siehe: Bodengruppe + Archetypen + Coelenterata + Rekords
Alle Kalk ist aus
tierischen Überresten entstanden/alle Carbon aus
pflanzlichen Überresten/Nitrat durch Pflanzen aus Luft gebunden/Oxygen
durch Pflanzen hergestellt
Palaeobotany studies fossilized plants. Fossilien werden in mehrere
Kulturen (Germanen/Tibet/Indianer) als Glücksbringer gesehen.
Aepyornis maximus = Elefantenvogelei/= Bird. Rock, Ovum Aepyorni maximi/Ausgangsstoff Eischale
Amber = Harz.
Ammoniten Mollusca.
Arduin = blau-graue Kalkgestein/= Belgischer Hartstein/= Lap-ard. (Trochitenkalk) mit crinoïden (= Skeletten von Seelilien/leben auf Boden in flache Seen) zusammengeklebt von Calcit. Farbe = abhängig von Kohlenstoff. enthält Calcit (+/- 96%/CaCO3).
Meist mit Stiel am Meeresboden befestigt. Lebt von Plankton. Verbreitet sind Trochiten, Resten = versteinerten Stielglieder der Seelilien., die sich aus den kalkigen Crinoiden-Skeletten (mit Aster. verwandt) bildeten.
Trochitenkalk wurde in Steinzeit zu Halsketten verarbeitet. Die röhrenartigen Trochiten waren Nervenkanal der Tiere. In vorchristliche Zeit wurde in Mitteleuropa fossilen Trochiten zur Halskette aufgefädelt. Zeichen der Tapferkeit bei Germanen. Wegen Christianisierung musste Trochiten (Bonifatiuspfennige./Wichtelpfennige/Hexengeld) abgegeben werden. Heilmittel gegen Epilepsie/Melancholie/giftige Tiere/Nasenbluten/Schwindel/Nierenleiden. Tapferkeit fördernd/Nachgeburt erleichtern/ein langes Leben bescheren.
Baumachat.
Belemnite.
(Staatssymbol. Delaware)/= Luchsstein/= Blitzstein/= Pfeilstein/= Donneraxt/=
Teufelsfinger Mollusca riecht verreibend nach Ammonium.
Quelle: Leonardo Apotheke
HH Tel. 040/456509
Bivalve
Mollusca./Staatssymbol. Tenessee
Blat-o. = uralt
Carbo. mineralis = Steinkohl
Chilesalpeter = Nat-n.
Coral. agatized
= mineralisiert mit Sil = Chalcedon. Staatssymbol. Florida + W. Virginia
Diania cactiformis = “walking
cactus.”
Dragonbones (China)
Epithelantha micromeres = Chilito/=
psychedelisch/wächst nahe prähistorische Ruinen Caryophylalles.
Fischschiefer
= Fischfossil („Unterfeld“ Tongrube)/enthält wahrscheinlich Clupea. = Hering
Fossiler
Brennstof: bodenstoffen. Steinkohl. Petr. (= Erdöl)/Erdgas.
Fossilienkalk
= Muschelkalk/aufgebaut aus Foraminiferen/enthält
Chitin.
Gagat. = C (68%) + S/= verdichtete
Braunkohle
Ichth. = Schieferöl mit großem Fossilienanteil (Plankton
= Teil).
Iod. gefunden in Wüsten als Chilisalpeter (=
Fossilienresten)
Fish. Knightia
= Staatssymbol. Wyoming U.S.A.
Kieselgur. = Carb-v.-ähnlich/= Aktivkohle/= ein Adsorbens/= Fossil./= fossiler Kieselalgen
Koprolithe = Fossilien von Faecesresten
Kreide
= CaC./= Resten von
Meerestieren
Maias-l. = Dinosaurfossil/= good mother
lizard
Megalodonten (Fossilien) = Kuhtritt./= Geissenfüßle. Mollusca.. = als Schutz im Fundament eingebaut
Holz von Michela. champaca
Lapis ligni = petrified wood Quelle: remedia.at
Mineral
gold extra = Torfart. durchsetzt mit Mineralien gefunden in Utah
Quelle: Internet
Nummuliten = Münz(en)steine
Petoskey
stone = Hexagonaria percarinata = Koral. Staatssymbol. Michigan
Petr. = Erdöl/= Steinöl/= schwarzes Gold
Pferd. Staatssymbol. Idaho/Niedersachsen
Schneckenachat. Spiralgruppe. Mollusca
Skelettopal. = Kieselsäure aus .ossile Skeletten
Seq. = petrified
wood = Staatssymbol Oregon
Succinum = Bernstein
Stromatolithen = Kalkkrusten/-gebilde durch fadenartige
Gebilde mariner Mikroben/Cyanobakterien
= Blaualgen = Canophythen = Blaugrünalgen
ausgefällt. Cyanobakterien gehören zu den ältesten, einfachsten und primitivsten Organismengruppen der Erde/sind seit den ältesten Zeiten der Erdgeschichte als Fossilien bekannt/produzierten O (= Zellgift) als erste und waren in der Lage mit O umzugehen und änderten damit die Erdatmosphäre/O. wurde gebunden an Fe (= Rost.) + Mg
als
Abfallstoff/= Grundlage der Eisenerzvorkommen. Sind wahrscheinlich Ursprung des
Lebens.
C/= Brennstein/= Electron/=
Gold des Meeres; Weiße Bernstein = “Knochen“/= Luchsharn
Tektit (= Fossil/= Glas mit Si).
Terra silicea. w = Kieselgur/= Diatomeenerde/=
Kieselalgen/= Sil. aus Kieselalgen/= Fossilien/= 86% Silica + 5% Na + 3% Mg + 2% Fe)
Travertin. = Moose von
Mineralien umgeben/= Lapis
tibuttinus/= Kalktuff/
Trochiten = Bonifatiuspfennig./= Wichtelpfennig/= Hexengeld
Alt
[John
Roach National Geographic News]
Dino-Era
Fossils Inspired Monster Myths.
According
to the Lakota, or Sioux, Indians' "Water Monsters of the Badlands"
legend, the rugged and eroded lands of southwestern
South Dakota were the stage for an epic battle between water spirits and
thunder and lightning spirits. The water sprits were embodied by giant water
monsters known as the Unktehi. Thunder and lighting
spirits took the form of thunderbirds known as Wakinyan.
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In
the battle myth the Wakinyan torched the Badlands
forest and plains with thunderbolts. An inland sea boiled and dried, and the Unktehi burned. Only the dried bones of the Unktehi and Wakinyan remained.
Today paleontologists know the Badlands are full of
bones of mosasaurs (giant marine reptiles that plied
an inland sea there during the Cretaceous period) and pterosaurs (giant flying
reptiles). The Cretaceous is the geologic period spanning from 144 to 65
million years ago.
Adrienne
Mayor, author and independent scholar in Princeton, New Jersey, says the
"Water Monsters of the Badlands" legend was inspired in part by these
fossils, which the Lakota undoubtedly encountered in their travels. "It
would have been logical and very rational to imagine these great sky and water
creatures might have been enemies, and the reason they're all dead is they had
battled," Mayor said. Mayor tells the legend of this battle -and the
science behind it- in her book, Fossil Legends of the First Americans, which
was published in May.
The
book builds on her theory that the fossils influenced, contributed to, and
inspired many of the greatest myths and legends ever told.
"Granted,
not all legends are based on fossils, but I'm pretty convinced some are,"
said Peter Dodson, a vertebrate paleontologist and
professor of veterinary anatomy at
the
University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. Dodson encouraged Mayor to develop
her theory.
Mayor
describes herself as a folklorist who studies the earliest inklings of
scientific inquiry. She focuses on legends and myths largely because the
scientific knowledge embedded in them is often overlooked by the academic
community. "Oral traditions contain natural knowledge but couched in
mythological terms,"
Mayor
said. "So those myths and stories are seen as products of imaginative
storytelling rather than actually conveying real knowledge." Mayor's
research suggests myths and legends about giants and monsters served ancient
people as a way to remember and explain the bones that the people undoubtedly
encountered in their daily lives.
A
visit to a fossil museum in the village of Mytilini
on the Greek island of Samos inspired Mayor to develop her theory on the
connections between myths, legends, and fossils. There, she saw freshly dug-up
limb bones from an extinct creature, still encrusted with dirt.
"Of
course people must have come across these fossils as they were plowing up their fields in antiquity. It's not something
they would ignore. Such huge bones demand an explanation," Mayor said.
Mayor
went digging through classical Greek and Latin texts and crisscrossed the
Mediterranean for evidence to support her theory. The result, 15 years later,
was her book The First Fossil Hunters: Paleontology
in Greek and Roman Times, published in 2000.
Guardians
of Gold
Among
the mythological creatures Mayor connects with fossil inspiration is the
griffin, a beast with the body of a lion and the beak and claws of an eagle.
According to mythology, griffins lived in the arid Asian region known as the
Gobi and were guardians of gold.
Mayor
researched paleontological finds in the Gobi and discovered that some of the
most abundant fossils there belong to Protocerotops,
a beaked dinosaur. She suggests that legends of griffins were inspired by Protocerotops bones that nomads encountered while
prospecting for gold.
"It's
one of the most convincing cases. We can't prove it, but everything seems to
come together in a coherent way," she said.
The
same forces of erosion that exposed gold in the hills of the Gobi would also
have exposed the fossils. To get gold from the fields, the nomads would have
had to pass through territory that was "guarded" by the fossils,
Mayor said.
Dodson,
the University of Pennsylvania vertebrate paleontologist,
added that in the Gobi, the Protocerotops skeletons
are unusually white and show up well against the red sandstone cliffs. Protocerotops fossils would have been nearly impossible to
miss.
Academic
Respect
Mayor
is careful to say that not all myths were inspired by fossils. And she does not
intend to reduce any myth to just fossils. To her, only stories that directly
refer to physical remains, such as bones and footprints, qualify as fossil
legends. Her studious approach has earned her the respect of the academic
community. Many academics are fascinated by the evidence that ancient cultures
paid attention to fossils and attempted to explain them in a rational manner.
Dodson
said that he is uncertain how much Mayor's work has affected the academic
community. But he said Mayor is probably opening up minds to the historical
context
of
fossils.
"I've
very much appreciated what she's done, but I can't say I've followed up on it
myself, other than having chosen an Indian name for a dinosaur I discovered
last year
[in
Montana], Suuwassea emilieae,
which means 'ancient thunder' in the Crow Indian language," he said.