Elementen

 

Jan Scholten:

7 "series" and 18 "stages". The "series" are the horizontal rows of the periodic table and named after their main members.

The 18 "stages" are the vertical columns of the periodic table/= steps of development common to all series. They seem to be a general principle of the development of self-confidence of the human mind in different levels and depict 18 archetypical stages of the rise and fall of the theme of each series.

 

[Patricia Le Roux]

Physik der Metalle:

Je weiter die Elementen im System aufsteigen, desto mehr steigt auch das atomare Gewicht der Metalle.

Die Charakteristika der Metalle sind ihr strahlender Glanz und ihre magnetischen Eigenschaften. Ihre Elektronen sind unter dem Einfluss von Licht

in der Lage, von einer Umlaufbahn in eine andere zu springen: sie können Licht absorbieren und ausstrahlen

Namensgeber der vertikalen Stadien:

Die Serien ordnen die Elemente, die eine verwandte atomare Struktur in der äußersten Schicht haben.

Beispiel: Natrium hat ein einziges Elektron auf seiner äußersten Umlaufbahn, es muss entweder ein Elektron verlieren oder 7 dazu gewinnen. Aber es ist viel leichter, ein Elektron zu verlieren als sieben weitere zu finden!

Sobald es ein Elektron verliert, verliert Natrium auch seine negative Ladung und wird zu Na+ (positive Ladung). Im Gegensatz dazu wird Chlor negativ = Cl-, wenn es zu seinen 7 Elektronen in der äußersten Umlaufbahn noch eins dazu bekommt. Die Elemente, die Elektronen verlieren, und dadurch positiv (oder zu Kationen) werden, erscheinen auf der linken Seite der Tabelle. Die, die Elektronen dazu bekommen und dadurch negativ (oder zu Anionen) werden, befinden sich auf der rechten Seite der Tabelle.

So kann man die Elemente nach ihrem elektronischen Status neu gruppieren und dadurch Gattungen wie die Salze besser verstehen.

Wie alle Elemente ordnen sich die Metalle in senkrechten Gruppen (Stadien) an und das ist der zweite Zugang zum Periodensystem.

Dieser zweite Zugang zum Periodensystem ist sehr interessant, denn er ermöglicht eine zusammenfassende Betrachtung der Metalle (wenn man nur die Metalle berücksichtigt, zählt jedes Stadium nicht mehr als 3 Metalle).

Haben wir uns das Prinzip dieser beiden Zugänge zum Periodensystem erst einmal klar gemacht, so können wir nun die Metalle der ersten bis dritten Gruppe

(4. bis 6. Serie) untersuchen. Jedes Metall wurde individuell erforscht und durch Fallbeispiele aus der Kinderheilkunde illustriert.

Die Mittelbilder der Materia Medica werden zunächst durch die Fallbeispiele aus der Kinderarztpraxis untermauert. Darauf folgt ein Auszug der pädiatrischen

Indikationen des jeweiligen Metalls.

Es handelt sich um mehr als 50 Metalle mit ihren pädiatrischen Indikationen, die in diesem Werk untersucht und vorgestellt werden.

*Es ist anzumerken: wenn der in diesem Buch zitierte alte medizinische Lehrstoff erwähnt, dass ein Metall therapeutische Anwendung in der Behandlung von

Krebs und anderen schweren Krankheiten findet, so handelt es sich ausschließlich um Indikationen aus der damaligen Medizin.

Das Gefühl der Unfähigkeit, die Lage zu meistern, ist typisch für CADMIUM. Sie reden gern über ihre Machtlosigkeit und darüber, dass sie nichts erreichen.

Theatralische Gesten, um die Situation zu retten Wenn sie etwas vorführen sollen, können sich sehr zieren, um ihr Gesicht zu wahren, z.B. in einer Prüfung, für die sie nur unzureichend vorbereitet sind.

Diese Mittel ist nötig als Folgemittel bei Kindern, die Krebs oder eine schwere Krankheit gehabt haben

Typisch für diese Kinder ist ein Gefühl der Ohnmacht und der Unterwerfung unter eine ärztliche Behandlung, die ihnen nicht bekommt.

CADMIUM hilft und begleitet sie bei schweren Krankheiten.

Zusammenfassung: CADMIUM ist das richtige Mittel, wenn der Patient überfordert ist und sich unfähig fühlt.

 

Indium metallicum

Leitsymptome

Sein Werk ist fertig, aber es ist veraltet. Doch er klammert sich daran.

Mittel bei Kopfschmerzen, Verstopfung und Schwierigkeiten mit der sexuellen Identität.

INDIUM ist in der Kinderheilkunde oft indiziert, besonders bei Unklarheiten mit der sexuellen Identifikation.

 

[Jeremy Sherr]

We may view the Periodic Table as a map of human evolution, spiraling down from the universal Hydrogen toward our central radioactive core.

1st period: Hydrogen and Helium, a cosmic soup that resulted from the initial Big Bang, oneness transforming into duality. These elements comprise 99% of the universe. Related to the individual

The proving of Hydrogen shows an infinity of time and space with a sensation of meeting God.

2nd period: Carbon materializes billions of years later, starting with Lithium-stone - the first material. The earth solidifies as Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen are formed. Related to the family.

As opposed to Helium and Hydrogen, which float around outer space, these new gases are heavier and can remain in the earth's atmosphere. Now the four basic ingredients exist needed to create life; Carbon being the main organic element which holds all life together.

As we descend the periods of the periodic table, we can relate different social and habitat formations to each period.

3nd period: The organic living world begins to evolve: the great rift between Syria and Africa forms, splitting the world in two, and out of the bowels of the earth Sulphur pours. East and West are divided.

Civilization as we know it (and Psora) begin. Sodium, Sulphur, Alumina, Silica, and Magnesium found in the crust of the earth, feeding plant life, animals and ultimately, human beings. These humans form families and then tribes. As one community forges with another, towns develop.

4th period: commerce and war evolve into the Iron Age - This period contains heavier metals. Iron for war, Copper for commerce, Arsenicum for avarice. worker/soldier

5th period: Towns then fuse into larger cities which utilize currency and communication. The age of Silver arises, represented by Argentum - used for money and electrical conductivity.

6th period: of nations develops, each with its own King and Queen (Platina and Aurum). As the growth of nations encourages trade and migration, (Syphilis and Sycosis spread, starting in the 16th century.

communication, and therefore the station of manager or minister and increasing in epidemics synchronous with the many wars). The 6th period brings the Syphilitic remedies to the fore - Platina, Aurum, Mercury, and Plumbum. These elements are found deep in the earth and need to be mined. (opposed to the Sycotic remedies which relate to plants - like Thuja). The greed of gold leads to the conquering and destruction of lesser, yet often more spiritually evolved nations. King or ruler.

During the 20th century, along with the discovery of new radioactive elements, nations coagulate into Super Nations- the USA, USSR, India, China and finally the European Common Market. The Super Nations represent giant molecules of human beings, barely held together and often decaying at the seams, while nuclear governments struggle desperately to hold them together. These enormous conglomerations are doomed to decay, as we have witnessed with the USSR breaking down to it basic Russian component (Plumbum). The European Common Market constantly discharges nations like giant alpha particles. It is therefore interesting that these new elements have names like Americium, Europium, Polonium, Californium, Berkelium.

7th period? This period is hidden, unseen, secretive and yet it is immensely powerful. It belongs to the deep sub-conscience and mystical part of man - the controlling motor that animates our lives in ways

which we are often not aware - our underlying instinct, the part of us which wields our conscious minds, and our will, in accordance with its irrational whims. Magician, shaman and prophet: the hidden force that controls the King from behind the scenes, using a power more awesome than simple military or politics. Historically this role belonged to the priesthood. Examples would be the Prophet Nathan, Rasputin and the Czarina Alexandra Nikolayevich. It is also in this way that the threat of nuclear weapons and the might of the nuclear industry control the powers that be.

The Body

From the point of view of tissue affinities (as a general and simplistic metaphor) the first period of Hydrogen represents the soul, Carbon represents the mind, Sulphur the skin and connective tissue, Ferrum the blood and muscle, Argentum the nerves and Mercury and Aurum bone. The seventh period relates mainly to bone marrow, radioactivity being a major cause of leukaemia. Like the radioactive period, bubbling away in the centre of the earth, bone marrow is the formative power behind our blood. But deeper still, in the cell nuclei, lies the most basic component of life - DNA, the code behind all of evolution. The DNA connection manifests prominently in the proving of Plutonium and is borne out by modern medicine's preoccupation with genetic engineering.

Astrology

It is also of interest to note the astrological connection of the elements Uranium, Neptunium and Plutonium. These relate to the outer planets orbiting beyond Saturn (Plumbum). They cannot be seen with the naked eye and therefore represent aspects of our deep, unconscious, hidden mind. Their long orbits (Pluto: 247 years) represent the long term and karmic aspects of these elements. Again this is a strong feature of the remedy Plutonium, where the pain of many previous generations is experienced (sins of the forefathers). Recently a long presence of Pluto in its native house of Scorpio. This began in 1983 at the time when AIDS began.

Mythology

The mythological stories relating to these three elements also provide useful insights. Pluto, in Roman mythology, was God of the Dead, the husband of Persephone, the Latin counterpart of the Greek god Hades. Pluto assisted his two brothers, Jupiter and Neptune, in overthrowing their father, Saturn. In dividing the world among them, Jupiter chose the earth and the heavens as his realm, Neptune became the ruler of the sea, and Pluto received as his kingdom the Lower World, in which he ruled over the shades of the Dead. These radioactive elements are buried deep below the surface of the earth and, like the god Pluto, may be seen as a metaphor for the dark shadow of life and ultimately as death.

History

One can compare the discovery and development of radioactive substances with the historical unfolding of the 20th century. Radioactivity was first discovered by Antoine Becquerel when he observed the effects of Uranium on a photographic plate. In 1898 Marie and Pierre Curie discovered radium. Other elements followed including Polonium, Thorium, Actinium and Radon. Marie Curie suffered horrendous burns from exposure to Radium and died from pernicious anaemia due to overexposure to radiation.

The planet Pluto was discovered in 1930. In 1932, as Hitler rose to power the first neutron was identified. The Syphilitic Miasm had now become full to the brim and was ready to explode. Viruses were first crystallised in 1935. Late in 1938, just as the war was about to begin, nuclear fission was achieved - a Uranium atom was split. Isotopes of plutonium were first prepared at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1941. In 1942, with the war going full blast, the first nuclear chain reaction was produced. On the 6th of August, 1945, Hiroshima was demolished by an Atomic Bomb. One hundred and thirty thousand people were reported killed, injured, or missing. Three days later a Plutonium Bomb flattened Nagasaki. The world had passed through the barrier of the 6th Syphilitic period and into the 7th radioactive and cancerous era.

Conclusion

Since the phenomena of radioactivity was discovered in 1896 mankind has entered into the "20th Century Radioactive Era". As history spirals down the periodic table, science, culture, politics, and social phenomena evolve in synchronicity with the new elements. We live in an age where radioactive elements are used to produce energy in nuclear reactors. Awesome weapons that can destroy large cities in a flash utilise these powers. Orthodox medicine has also taken advantage of radioactivity in treating cancers, a crude form of homeopathy, as it is well known that radiation can cause cancer. Radioactive pollution has caused enormous destruction. Just as these elements are breaking down, society is decaying as we experience the breakdown of the nuclear family and traditional cultures.

Individuals today are living under similar meltdown conditions. Modern life has produced a stressful living environment of pressure, heat, and speed. Under these circumstances, it is no wonder that a new Miasm has developed - what many call the Fourth Miasm - Cancer, an often fatal condition that has grown to enormous proportions in the latter half of the 20th century. Cancer is triggered by stress, pollution, and radiation. A condition feared by many as a death sentence, there can hardly be a person in the Western world that does not have friends or relatives who have died from this disease in its various forms.

Yet are we as homeopaths meeting the challenge of this galloping pathology? It seems clear that we are not. Though homeopathic history abounds with cures of various tumors, and some have had limited success with

cancer, on the whole I have not yet met a homeopath who can claim constant cure of cancerous conditions. Naturally this may be due to deficient philosophy and methodology, which is the subject of another discussion.

However, we should always bear in mind the basic principle: 'simila similibus curentur'. It is that which causes cancer that must be used to cure it, and there is nothing that causes cancer as surely and as rapidly as radiation.

As modern society manifests this archetypal phenomena in all modes of life, it is our duty as homeopaths to evolve alongside it, curing disease with that which can cause it. It is now our duty to prove the radioactive elements

and the effects of radiation, and to prove them well, or else we will be no match for the internal and physical cancer that mankind has created.

 

Körper = 70% Wasser. Bei 2% Wasserverlust sinkt Leistungsfähigkeit 20%. Tod tritt ein bei 15% Verlust.

Unser Körper ist ein Spiegel unserer materiellen Umwelt. Fast alle chemischen Elemente, die das Periodensystem kennt, stecken auch in uns. Manche sind lebensnotwendig, andere hingegen entbehrlich, viele überflüssig

oder giftig, von anderen ist der Funktion noch unbekannt.

Grafik zeigt, wie viel von jedem Element ein 70 Kilogramm schwerer Mensch im Durchschnitt enthält, mit abnehmender Menge.

 

Alle N wird von Pflanzen aus der Luft gewonnen/alle O von Pflanzen hergestellt/alle Ca aus tierischen Überresten entstanden/alle C aus pflanzlichen Überresten entstanden.

 

70 kg.  O + C + H + N = 96 % der Körpermasse

O = Sauerstoff: 43 kg.             Grundelement des Lebens                         Tritt im Körper am häufigsten in Form von Wasser auf. Als Atemgas zentraler Energielieferant. Zu viel O zerstört die Zellen

C = Kohlenstoff:                    Grundelement des Lebens

H = Wasserstoff                     Grundelement des Lebens

N = Stickstoff                        Grundelement des Lebens                         2,6%

Ca = Kalk                               Kommt in erheblicher Menge vor

Circa 1 kg of Ca (99% bound in the skeleton). Ca found in the serum in 3 qualities. 50% (circa 1.2 mmol) is free and ionic, the rest mainly bound to albumin. Ca deficiency symptoms occur when

the level of free, ionic Ca is reduced, with hyperexcitability of the neuromuscular system [(broncho)spasm/extrapyramidal symptoms]. Thinking is slowed down/tiredNESS/suppresses conscious awareness. The same symptoms occur with hyperventilation, when acid-base metabolism

is upset and Ca no longer available to the organism (normocalcemic tetany). Substitution of Ca ions immediately restores the situation to normal. Albumin

calcium, a calcium reserve in the serum, is rapidly released if required. Apart from ionic and albumin calcium, the serum also contains calcium as part of active-process proteins.

Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein is needed for the development of bone and dentin matrixes. In this case the calcium is bound into the protein and

acts not on the basis of ionic calcium properties but as an enzyme-like tool for building-up processes. SAP (= serum amyloid protein) in serum shows high

affinity to polyanions and cations. It is found in amyloid deposits. The function of this lecithin-type substance is not known.

Scientists discovered that silica is important for making the collagen matrix structure, where calcium deposits are used for building and strengthening bones. Silica is imperative

for forming healthy bones, that some scientists believe silica supplements are even more important than calcium for maintaining bone strength.

 

Weniger als 1 kg.:

P = Phosphor                          Kommt in erheblicher Menge vor

exceedingly poisonous substance but an essential element in the body structure. Vapour  absorbed by the lungs and affinity to lungs, bones and nerve

K = Kalium                            Kommt in erheblicher Menge vor

Most body K is intracellular (150 mEq/L), with only 3.8-4.5 mEq/L found in solution in the serum.

Intracellular deficiency is often seen when serum levels are still normal. K ions serve intracellular processes such

as muscle contraction, which is particularly important for the generation/conduction of cardiac impulses.

The extracellular serum, K, acts as a reservoir. K deficiency causes lack of drive/adynamic muscles/cardiac

arrhythmias. Serum potassium is ionic, not bound.

S = Schwefel                          Kommt in erheblicher Menge vor

Na = Natrium                         Kommt in erheblicher Menge vor

Na has the highest serum concentration of all blood salts. 97% of the body sodium is extracellular, circa 60% of this bound to the skeleton (Mg/Ca) easily mobilized if deficiency develops. "The main role of the alkaline metal, Na, and its anion, Cl, is thought to be the generation of osmotic pressure in extracellular fluid ..., whereas elements such as K/Mg/Ca only a minor role, being in low concentrations" (Mineralstoffe...). Serum sodium levels (132-145 mEq/L) are fairly constant. The level is essentially the same from birth to old age - compared to K/Mg/Ca levels which have much wider limits for normal values in the newbom and in infants than for adults. Serum sodium is ionic, not bound. Sodium deficiency causes dehydration; one notes lack of drive with a tendency to hypotension. (Hypotensive cardiovascular disorders are more effectively treated in the long run by controlling food sodium levels and fluid intake than with sympathicotonic drugs). Tiredness suggests insufficient daytime activity.

Cl = Chlor                              Kommt in erheblicher Menge vor

Mg = Magnesium                  Kommt in erheblicher Menge vor      Körper enthält 80 - 150 Mg.

Notwendig für das Wachstum von Muskeln und Knochen. Kontrolliert, wie sich unsere Muskeln zusammenziehen

Largely bound in bone/muscle tissue/only 1% found in the serum (62% ionized/33% largely in albumin/5% in complexes and enzymes). Mg is needed to activate

many enzymes and regular cell permeability. Mg deficiency causes hyperexcitability to the point of spasms developing, which is the polar opposite of Ca deficiency

symptoms. Na and K exist only in ionic form in serum, which is similar to the form they have in the outside world. Ionic Ca and Mg are important for human function in

the waking state; part is enveloped in albumin, part is actively bound in enzymes and therefore a live tool.

Weniger als 10 gr.:

Fe = Eisen                              Spurenelement

Inorganic ionic Fe is highly toxic and not found as such in serum. The transport form developed by the organism is transferrin, a teto-globulin.

Free Fe exists for short periods during hemoglobin degradation in hepatic and splenic macrophages; it is immediately bound to transferrin

and transported from liver to bone marrow. Another part of it binds with ferritin in macrophages and other cells, so that the Fe is enclosed

in protein (apoferritin). It is oxidized from 2- to 3-valent Fe, and this "reserve Fe" is retained in the organism in this enveloped, detoxicated form.

If Fe is required in bone marrow or tissue, ferritin Fe is bound to transferrin and taken to the site. It is assumed that the total plasma Fe volume

in the blood is converted 7 - 10x daily. Apart from the Fe in hemoglobin, transferrin and ferritin, Fe is bound in myoglobin, lactoferrin and various enzymes

in blood and cells. The level of Fe in the body said to be 0,7 - 0,9 mol (3,9 – 5,0 g), 70% of it in hemoglobin, and circa 18% in form of reserves

(ferritin). Functional Fe (circa 12%) is found in myoglobin and Fe-containing enzymes. The inhibitory/transport protein transferrin contains only 0.1%

of the total Fe. Human Fe requirements are met by the diet. In Fe deficiency, the rate of absorption increases because the intestinal mucosa has

a system by which utilization of dietary Fe is adapted to requirements. Details are not yet known. If Fe metabolism is in balance, only circa 10%

of dietary Fe is absorbed. The rate may rise to between 30 and 40% with Fe deficiency in humans and as high as 90% in animal experiments.

Fe is continuously eliminated via the desquamating epithelium of skin and intestinal mucosa, and of course through menstrual bleeding.

Unlike Fe absorption, elimination rates are constant. Fe deficiency causes anemia, lack of drive and tiredness. In tumor patients, anemia is not due to Fe deficiency

(except if there are haemorrhages) but by a shift to the reserve form ferritin (Denz). Apart from Fe, transferrin

also envelops and transports Zn/Mn/Cr.

F = Fluor                                Spurenelement

Zn = Zink                               Spurenelement                                    Zentrale Element in den Zinkfinger-Eiweißen. Können gezielt am Erbgut andocken/gebraucht in Gentherapeutika

Si = Silicium                          Spurenelement (umstritten)

                                                                                                                      From the nutritional point of view, an average adult needs about 25mg/day min. and for some the requirement may

touch close to 100mg/day. Out of which about 50% is excreted through urine, suggesting that intake to be adjusted

according to one's constitution.

                                                                                                                      Next to oxygen, silicon is the most abundant element on earth. Silicon is found in the ash of most plant and animal tissues

in small quantities.

Is required for proper integrity of skin, ligaments, tendons and bone. Is required for the proper functioning of the enzyme

prolyhydroxylase which is responsible for the formation of collagen in bone and cartilage and other connective tissues.

Silicon may also be important in bone calcification.

Through research done in 1972 at UCLA, Dr. Edith Carlisle found that silica is an essential trace element, necessary

for normal bone development. It was determined that optimal growth and skeletal development could not occur without adequate amounts of this

essential trace mineral. While studying mice, depressed growth and skull deformities occurred due to an inadequate supply of silica.

Humans showed the following symptoms when lacking a sufficient amount of silica in their diet: cardiovascular and arterial problems, fragile bones,

joint deterioration, digestive disorders, along with weakened gums and teeth.

Once supplied with the appropriate amount of silica, the above symptoms showed considerable improvement, in

addition to this: collagen levels elevated, calcium absorption increased, and cardiovascular support strengthened. The texture of the hair, skin and nails showed improvement, as well.

Scientists discovered that silica is important for making the collagen matrix structure, where calcium deposits are used

for building and strengthening bones. Silica is so imperative for forming healthy bones, that some scientists believe

silica supplements are even more important than calcium for maintaining bone strength.

In addition to our ever increasing need for silica, another challenge is that silica cannot easily be found in large quantities in most foods. Though it can be found in certain cereal grains, such as: oats, millet, barley, wheat and potatoes, along with fruits, beets and turnips - most silica is usually lost in the refinement process of these foods.

The average daily intake of silica from the diet is approximately 20 to 50 milligrams per day, but the optimum dose is higher. Researchers are finding that by supplementing the diet with a minimum of 40 milligrams of silica a day, the skin shows an improvement of elasticity, texture and thickness. Added benefits include helping weakened teeth and gums, strengthening bones, and decreasing hair loss. Overall, silica was found to help the body repair, rebuild, strengthen, and lessen or eliminate many body ailments associated with aging. "

Ru = Rubidium                      Spurenelement (umstritten)

Sr = Strontium                       Funktion nicht bekannt

Br = Brom                              Spurenelement (umstritten)

Pb = Blei                                Spurenelement (umstritten)

 

Weniger als 100 mgr. bis 1 mgr.

Cu = Kupfer                           Spurenelement 100mgr. enthält 80 - 150 Mg. (Iris/Leber/Hirn/Mandeln/Nieren/Haar/Knochen)

Al = Aluminium                    Funktion nicht bekannt

Cd = Cadmium                       Funktion nicht bekannt                                   Hat keine bekannte Funktion im Körper/giftig für Nieren, Leber und Lunge

Cer                                          Funktion nicht bekannt

Ba = Barium                           Funktion nicht bekannt

Ti = Titan                               Funktion nicht bekannt

I = Iod                                     Spurenelement

Zn = Zink                               Spurenelement (umstritten)

B = Bor                                   Spurenelement (umstritten)                Bedarf: 0,2 mg/Tag/ Optimieren des Calcium- und Magnesiumstoffwechsels. Beide Elemente sind wesentlich für das

Auskristallisieren des Skeletts aus dem wässrigen Organismus des Kindes

Se = Selen                              Spurenelement

Ni = Nickel                            Spurenelement 2 mg.

Cr = Chrom                            Spurenelement (umstritten) 4 - 11 mgr.

Mn = Mangan                        Spurenelement 12 mgr. (im Blut 2mg pro Liter)

As = Arsen                             Spurenelement (umstritten)

Li = Lithium                          Funktion nicht bekannt                                  Für gesunde Menschen entbehrlich, therapeutisch eingesetzt, kann es Depressionen lindern

Hg = Quecksilber                   Funktion nicht bekannt

Cae = Caesium                       Funktion nicht bekannt

Ge = Germanium                   Funktion nicht bekannt

Mo = Molybdän                     Spurenelement 8 mg                          Als Bestandteil eines Enzyms baut es Harnsäure ab/verhindert Gichtanfälle

Co = Kobalt                           Spurenelement 1 mgr.

Ag = Silber                            Funktion nicht bekannt         

St = Antimon                         Funktion nicht bekannt

Niob                                       Funktion nicht bekannt

Zr = Zirkon                            Funktion nicht bekannt

 

Weniger als 1 mg … 0,01 mg:

Ga = Gallium

Te = Tellur

Y = Yttrium

Th = Thallium

Bi = Wismut

In = Indium

Sc = Scandium

Au = Aurum

Tn = Tantal

Vn = Vanadium                                 Spurenelement (umstritten)

Th = Thorium

U = Uran

Sa = Samarium

Be = Beryllium

W = Wolfram

 

 

Vorwort/Suchen                                Zeichen/Abkürzungen                                   Impressum